history of mathematics - National STEM Centre

Index
Ptolemy 49, 55, 58
Pythagoras's theorem 20-21, 25-7, 44
Q
quadrature 32-4, 117-19
quaternions 143, 148
fl
rebus principle (early writing) 11
reciprocals 19
right-angled triangles 37-8, 80-81
see also Pythagoras's theorem
Robinson, Abraham 120
rule of double false 63-4
Saunderson, Nicholas 131-3
sign rule
sine (term)
spirals
square roots
Stifel, Michael
subtracted numbers
tangents
Tartaglia
Thabit ibn Qurra
token system
trigonometry
turning operators
u
units
Text and illustration credits
We are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce
copyright material:
Chelsea Publishing Company, Inc. for an extract from The
Mathematical Work of John Wallis by J F Scott; Dover
Publications, for extracts from Elements, from Euclid, the
Thirteen Books of the Elements, 2nd edn. unabridged, by Sir
Thomas Heath, La Geometrie by Descartes, 1954 and The
Geometry of Rene Descartes, 1954; McGraw Hill Publishers,
for an extract from A Source Book in Mathematics by D E
Smith; Merlin Press Ltd for extracts from The Life of Henry
Brulard, by Stendahl, translated by Jean Stewart and BCJG
Knight; Open University Press, for extracts from The History of
Mathematics: A Reader by J Fauvel and J Gray; Oxford
University Press, for an extract from Mathematical Thought
from Ancient to Modern by Kline; Routledge, for extracts from
Early Mesopotamia by J N Postgate; J Wiley & Sons Inc. for an
extract from A History of Mathematics, 2nd edn.; University of
Wisconsin Press, Madison, Wisconsin for an extract from
Kushyar Ibn Labban, Principles of Hindu Reckoning, edited
and translated by Martin Levey and Marvin Petruck.
We are grateful to the following for permission to reproduce
photographs and other copyright material:
Figure 1.2, Musee du Louvre; Figures 1.3a and 2.1, Karl
Menninger, Number Words and Number Symbols, Massachu­
setts Institute of Technology 1969, p. 163; Figures 1.3b and 1.8,
O Neugebauer, Vorleusugen Uber Geschichte del Anbiken
Mathematischen Wissenschaften (Erster Band) 1969, p.51,
Springer-Verlag GmbH & Co. KG; Figure 1.4, Georges Ifrah,
De Wereld van Het Getal, 1988, p. 132, Servire. © 1985
Editions Robert Laffont S.A., Paris; Figure 1.5, Denise
Schamandt-Besserat, Archaeological Magazine, Archaeological
Institute of America; Figure 1.6, Lauros-Giraudon; Figure 1.7,
The Trustees of the British Museum; Figure 2.3, Prof. A H
Aaboe, Episodes from the Early History of Mathematics,
188
105-6
58
96-7, 113-14
20-22,45-6,81
125
125-8, 140
112-17
77
61
8-10
57-9
147-8
80, 102
V
van Schooten, Frans
vectors
Viete,
w
49, 74, 84-5, 88, 96
114, 146, 147, 148
49, 78-9, 128-9
Wallis, John 130
Wantzel, Pierre-Laurent 85
Weierstrass 120
Wessel, Caspar 139-40
writing, evolution 8-11
z
zero 16
Random House, 1964; Figure 2.4a, E M Bruins & M Rutten,
Memoires de la Mission Archeologique en Iran, Tome XXXIV,
Textes Mathematiques de Suse, 1961, Plate 6 Tablet K, Paris
Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner; Figures 2.4b and, 2.8b
O Neugbauer, The Exact Sciences in Antiquity, 1969, Dover
Publications/Constable & Co; Figure 2.6, we are unable to trace
the copyright holder of this figure and would appreciate
receiving any information that would enable us to do so; Figure
2.7, Lucas N H Bunt, Phillip S Jones and Jack D Bedient, The
Historical Roots of Elementary Mathematics, Dover Publica­
tions/Constable & Co; Figure 2.8a, Yale Babylonian Collection;
Figure 2.10, John Fauvel, Mathematics through History, QED
Books, York; Figure 2.12, O Neugebauer and
A Sachs, Mathematical Cuneiform Texts, 1945, (American
Oriental Series vol.29). American Oriental Society, American
School of Oriental Research, New Haven, Connecticut (we are
unable to trace the copyright holder of this figure and would
appreciate receiving any information that would enable us to do
so); Figure 2.13, E M Bruins & M Rutten, Memoires de la
Mission Archeologique en Iran, Tome XXXIV, Textes
Mathematiques de Suse, 1961, Plate 1 p. 23, Paris Librairie
Orientaliste Paul Geuthner; Figure 2.14, O Neugebauer,
Mathematische Keilscriftexttexte 3. band, dritter teil, Verlag
van Julius Springer, 1935/1937. (Springer-Verlag GmbH & Co.
KG); Figure 5.1, George Gheverghese Joseph, The Crest of the
Peacock: Non-European Roots of Mathematics, 1992, Penguin
Books; Page 73, The Geometry of Rene Descartes, title page,
Dover Publications, inc; Figure 12.1, J Fauvel and J Gray,
History of Mathematics: A Reader, The Macmillan Press Ltd.
Adapted from O Neugebauer and A Sachs, Mathematical
Cuneiform Texts, \ 945, American Oriental Society, American
School of Oriental Research, New Haven, Connecticut (we are
unable to trace the original copyright holder of this figure and
would appreciate receiving any information that would unable
us to do so).