OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF MINING ON THE ... - IIED pubs

More documents

Recommendations

Info

3.25.1.4 Surface water users The City of Bulawayo draws water from the Khami and Mguza Rivers (tributaries of the upper Gwayi River: Zones G3 and G5 of Area A (ZSG, 1984). Bulawayo also extracts considerable water from the Nyamandhlovu Aquifer, which may have a deleterious affect on water levels in rivers in Zones G4, G5 and G6 (ZSG, 1984). Irrigation by commercial agriculture is a major water user in Zones S5, S6 (note Shangani Tiyabenzi Dam), B3, G3, G4, G5 and G6 (ZSG, 1984). There are major irrigation projects in the middle Shangani valley, notably the rice project (Zones S2 and S4 in ZSG (1984)). 3.25.1.5 Water management systems The sub-catchment falls under the Gwayi Catchment Council of ZINWA. This sub-catchment is also the site of the proposed Zambezi Bulawayo Pipeline Project, which is scheme designed to extract water from the Zambezi River and transport it by pipeline across the Gwayi Sub-catchment to Lupane, Nyamandhlovu and ultimately the water-stressed City of Bulawayo. 3.25.1.6 Human impacts on water resources (excluding mining) The following could be expected to have an impact on water resources: • Landfills, urban areas of Bulawayo, Gweru, Lupane, Dete and Kamativi; • Disposal of liquid effluent, urban areas of Bulawayo, Gweru, Lupane, Dete and Kamativi; • Urban run off, urban areas of Bulawayo, Gweru, Lupane, Dete and Kamativi; • Non-point domestic effluent, rural areas; • Non-point impact of agriculture (pesticides, fertilizers, etc), especially in the south and southeast where commercial agriculture is practiced; • Non-point impact of irrigation in redistribution of river waters; • Minor non point impact from sparse, subsistence agriculture in Communal lands; • Sawmills, Gwayi Forest Land and neighbouring Forest Lands; • Fuel loss and litter on the main roads and railways; • Run off, Bulawayo International Airport, Induna Airport (Bulawayo) and Moffat Airport (Gweru); and • Non-point impact from minefield in far north. 3.25.2 Mining and mineral processing operations clviii
The catchment falls mainly under the Bulawayo Mining District, as well as the Gweru Mining District in the southeast (ZGS, 1995). The main mining activity is gold mining in the Greenstone Belts in the south, the Shangani nickel mine and, historically, tin mining in the Kamativi-Dete Inlier in the north. Fireclay and kaolin are quarried in the central area (Table 3.25). Table 3.25: Mining operations in the Gwayi sub-catchment. Name Commodity Status Total produced Potential Impact /t Chikodzi Agate Closed 1982 29.0 Low Mazibope Agate Closed 1974 46.7 Low Chikodzi Amethyst Closed 1982 25.5 Low Mazibope Amethyst Closed 1974 18.3 Low Gothic Antimony Closed 1984 1083.0 High Bet Asbestos Closed 1954 1056.2 Low Bemas Clay Closed 1984 375739.0 Low Shangani Cobalt In operation 227.4 High: AMD possible Clare Diamond Closed 1913 0.74ct Low Colossus Diamond Closed 1941 143.6ct Low Somabula Diamond Close 1960 15896ct Medium Wessels Diamond Closed 1912 81ct Low Berg Fireclay Closed 1984 11269.0 Low Dagamella Fireclay Closed 1980 32176.0 Low Firdon Fireclay Open in 1984 348625.0 Low Inyantue Fireclay Closed 1977 99564.0 Low Entuba Fluorite Closed 1965 1395.0 Low Fluorite The First Fluorite Closed 1967 3177.0 Low Isabella (B & S or Gold Operational 9.5 High: Arsenic possible, Motapa) large open pits Lonely Gold Closed, dumps reworking clix 34.9 High: Size Old Nic Gold Closed 6.6 Medium Queens Gold 5.2 Medium Sunace Gold 8.2 Medium Turk Gold In operation 12.6 High: Arsenic possible Athi Kaolin Closed 1979 2315.3 Low Fuesi Kaolin Closed 1976 3440.2 Low Elbas Lead Closed 1970 183.0 Medium: AMD possible Pilgrim Mercury Closed 1941 0.0064 High Shangani Nickel In operation 29443.0 High: AMD possible Ivene Quartz Closed 1959 43756.0 Low
Page 1 and 2:
AN OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF MINING
Page 3 and 4:
AN OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF MINING
Page 5 and 6:
exploited, the size of the facility
Page 7 and 8:
2.3.6 Stockpiling and transport of
Page 9 and 10:
4.1.6 Mining and mineral processing
Page 11 and 12:
LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Compari
Page 13 and 14:
Table 1.6: Minimum annual productio
Page 15 and 16:
Table 3.26: Mining operations in th
Page 17 and 18:
Table 4.22: Mining operations in th
Page 19 and 20:
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Several enthusiast
Page 21 and 22:
1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFO
Page 23 and 24:
Box 1.2). Each research team is req
Page 25 and 26:
The MRC cannot be held responsible
Page 27 and 28:
of amenity or deterioration in wate
Page 29 and 30:
Typically, river flows in the count
Page 31 and 32:
In simple terms, all of the propone
Page 33 and 34:
shared by more than one country, es
Page 35 and 36:
most appropriate technical or inves
Page 37 and 38:
CAMEROUN GABON CENTRAL AFRICAN REPU
Page 39 and 40:
1.6.1 Data on the location, nature,
Page 41 and 42:
1997). In future studies, more atte
Page 43 and 44:
Section 5 briefly reviews the water
Page 45 and 46:
Mining methods vary widely and depe
Page 47 and 48:
Removal and storage of ores and was
Page 49 and 50:
These effects are usually ameliorat
Page 51 and 52:
Water quality changes are widely co
Page 53 and 54:
these substances are often mobilize
Page 55 and 56:
The acidification of the water has
Page 57 and 58:
and kinetic stability of the comple
Page 59 and 60:
This process is carefully balanced
Page 61 and 62:
neutralize each other - this situat
Page 63 and 64:
(Chenje, 2000). Despite the recent
Page 65 and 66:
Swaziland Water Environment Tanzani
Page 67 and 68:
Draft Environmental Management Bill
Page 69 and 70:
siting of works plan for approval t
Page 71 and 72:
The draft policy encourages develop
Page 73 and 74:
provides a definition but one which
Page 75 and 76:
2.9.3.9 Zimbabwe Environmental Impa
Page 77 and 78:
Sector Activity Industry °Chemical
Page 79 and 80:
Cyanides and related compounds (CN)
Page 81 and 82:
of Natural Resources and the South
Page 83 and 84:
3.1.1 Geology, topography and soils
Page 85 and 86:
Air temperatures across the Zambezi
Page 87 and 88:
or fuelwood production. Similar pat
Page 89 and 90:
Zambia. Clearly, some water quality
Page 91 and 92:
3.2.1.6 Human impacts on water reso
Page 93 and 94:
The Botswana segment of this area f
Page 95 and 96:
3.4.1.4 Surface water users The onl
Page 97 and 98:
3.5.1.2 Geology The Upper Karoo Bat
Page 99 and 100:
3.5.6 Implications for water qualit
Page 101 and 102:
3.6.4 Monitoring systems None. 3.6.
Page 103 and 104:
Page 105 and 106:
3.8.1.5 Water management systems Th
Page 107 and 108: 3.9.1.2 Geology This sub-catchment
Page 109 and 110: 3.9.5 Water quality data None avail
Page 111 and 112: Z-87 Mulobezi Amethyst Operating Ve
Page 113 and 114: 3.11.1.6 Human impacts on water res
Page 115 and 116: 3.12.1.2 Geology This sub-catchment
Page 117 and 118: • Increased quantities of suspend
Page 119 and 120: Determinant Fischer’s Farm Raglan
Page 121 and 122: 3.13.1.4 Surface water users There
Page 123 and 124: The Nampundwe pyrite mine poses a r
Page 125 and 126: Z-90 Chisuki Mica, Tin, Tantalite O
Page 127 and 128: along the major roads between Chiru
Page 129 and 130: 3.16.1 General description 3.16.1.1
Page 131 and 132: Z-17 Jessie Gold Starting Very Smal
Page 133 and 134: Small intrusions of Greenstone form
Page 135 and 136: Several stretches of streams and ri
Page 137 and 138: 3.18.1.5 Water management systems T
Page 139 and 140: 3.18.6 Implications for water quali
Page 141 and 142: 3.19.1.6 Human impacts on water res
Page 143 and 144: 3.20 The Mazowe (Mozambique) sub-ca
Page 145 and 146: 3.20.4 Monitoring systems This area
Page 147 and 148: Table 3.21: Mining operations in th
Page 149 and 150: The only settlements of any size ar
Page 151 and 152: 3.23.1 General description 3.23.1.1
Page 153 and 154: 3.23.4 Monitoring systems None. 3.2
Page 155 and 156: • Non-point impact from minefield
Page 157: This is Zones G1-G6, B1-B3, S1-S6,
Page 161 and 162: The two lone water quality data poi
Page 163 and 164: • Non-point domestic effluent, ru
Page 165 and 166: Land use comprises the Siabuwa, Oma
Page 167 and 168: 3.28 The Ume sub-catchment 3.28.1 G
Page 169 and 170: 3.28.4 Monitoring systems None. 3.2
Page 171 and 172: 3.29.1.4 Surface water users The Ci
Page 173 and 174: Thristle Etna Gold 6.7 Medium Tiger
Page 175 and 176: Sanyati, all may well contribute or
Page 177 and 178: 3.30.1.5 Water management systems T
Page 179 and 180: This is Zone Z1 of Area C (ZSG, 198
Page 181 and 182: 3.31.5 Water quality data Only one
Page 183 and 184: 3.32.2 Mining and mineral processin
Page 185 and 186: Land use above the Zambezi Escarpme
Page 187 and 188: Extensive alluvial mining of gold t
Page 189 and 190: The major settlements are the metro
Page 191 and 192: 3.34.6 Implications for water quali
Page 193 and 194: • Urban run off, urban areas of C
Page 195 and 196: 3.36.1.4 Surface water users The to
Page 197 and 198: 3.37.1.1 Hydrology This is Zones M1
Page 199 and 200: The catchment falls under the Harar
Page 201 and 202: 3.37.3 Alluvial mining Alluvial min
Page 203 and 204: widely intruded by Mashonaland Dole
Page 205 and 206: 3.38.4 Monitoring systems ZINWA is
Page 207 and 208: 3.39.2 Mining and mineral processin
Page 209 and 210:
4. THE LIMPOPO BASIN In order to pr
Page 211 and 212:
Mountains. Most of the basin consis
Page 213 and 214:
the City of Pretoria and the northe
Page 215 and 216:
continues to flow in the deeper all
Page 217 and 218:
Each basin state maintains its own
Page 219 and 220:
Land use in the upper parts of the
Page 221 and 222:
the Limpopo River some 100 kilometr
Page 223 and 224:
None obtainable in time for this re
Page 225 and 226:
Page 227 and 228:
In the Botswana sector of the sub-c
Page 229 and 230:
4.5.5 Water quality data None avail
Page 231 and 232:
4.6.5 Water quality data None avail
Page 233 and 234:
Table 4.9: Mining operations in the
Page 235 and 236:
4.7.4 Monitoring systems ZINWA is c
Page 237 and 238:
There is exploration for diamonds (
Page 239 and 240:
There is exploration, mainly for di
Page 241 and 242:
4.10.2 Mining and mineral processin
Page 243 and 244:
Hwange National Park (ZSG, 1998). A
Page 245 and 246:
4.12.1.3 Pedology, agriculture and
Page 247 and 248:
4.13 The Marico sub-catchment 4.13.
Page 249 and 250:
• Major non-point impact of agric
Page 251 and 252:
Several thermal springs are located
Page 253 and 254:
• Disposal of large volumes of li
Page 255 and 256:
D7-13 Premier Diamond - kimberlite
Page 257 and 258:
4.15.1 General description 4.15.1.1
Page 259 and 260:
4.15.2 Mining and mineral processin
Page 261 and 262:
Most of the clayey loam soils in th
Page 263 and 264:
4.17 The Theuniskloof sub-catchment
Page 265 and 266:
4.17.4 Monitoring systems The Depar
Page 267 and 268:
4.18.1.4 Surface water users All of
Page 269 and 270:
Water quality data for three sites
Page 271 and 272:
supplies in the sub-catchment, the
Page 273 and 274:
4.20.1.2 Geology Like the Mogalakwe
Page 275 and 276:
• Minor non-point impact from non
Page 277 and 278:
4.21 The Nzhelele sub-catchment 4.2
Page 279 and 280:
4.21.1.6 Human impacts on water res
Page 281 and 282:
4.22.1.3 Pedology, agriculture and
Page 283 and 284:
Code Number Name of Mine Commodity
Page 285 and 286:
5. THE OLIFANTS CATCHMENT In order
Page 287 and 288:
Soil formations across the Olifants
Page 289 and 290:
indices of per capita agricultural
Page 291 and 292:
professional capacity within the me
Page 293 and 294:
• Dark grey to blackish, mottled
Page 295 and 296:
5.2.5 Water quality data No specifi
Page 297 and 298:
Several towns (e.g. Witbank and Mid
Page 299 and 300:
The following mining operations are
Page 301 and 302:
5.3.6 Implications for water qualit
Page 303 and 304:
5.4.1.3 Pedology, agriculture and l
Page 305 and 306:
K 5.5 5 4.5 Cl 380 350 200 F 1.0 1.
Page 307 and 308:
local geological formations. High c
Page 309 and 310:
The South African Department of Wat
Page 311 and 312:
pH 8.5 8.3 8.8 8.7 8.8 8.9 TDS 439
Page 313 and 314:
Soils in the sub-catchment can be d
Page 315 and 316:
No information is available on the
Page 317 and 318:
In its upper reaches, the sub-catch
Page 319 and 320:
The Phalaborwa Water Board has been
Page 321 and 322:
m 3 /day) water abstractions, and m
Page 323 and 324:
In the south-west of the sub-catchm
Page 325 and 326:
• Minor non-point impact of agric
Page 327 and 328:
(Figure 4.2). The tributaries of th
Page 329 and 330:
5.9.1.6 Human impacts on water reso
Page 331 and 332:
y the upper Klaserie River. Recent
Page 333 and 334:
5.10.6 Implications for water quali
Page 335 and 336:
In Mozambique, the Mozambican Depar
Page 337 and 338:
Acid mine drainage (AMD) represents
Page 339 and 340:
• Antimony, cadmium and tin conta
Page 341 and 342:
• Decreased light penetration to
Page 343 and 344:
6.1.8 “Peripheral” or indirect
Page 345 and 346:
Worldwide, the general public has e
Page 347 and 348:
2. That copies of this report shoul
Page 349 and 350:
Banks, D., P.L. Younger, R.T. Arnes
Page 351 and 352:
CSIR (1993). An Environmental Impac
Page 353 and 354:
Fuggle, R.F. & M.A. Rabie (1996). E
Page 355 and 356:
Love, D. & D.K. Hallbauer (2000). M
Page 357 and 358:
Pettersson, U.T. & J. Ingri (2000b)
Page 359 and 360:
Turton, A.R. (1999b). Water scarcit
Page 361 and 362:
World Bank (1998). World Developmen
show all

OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF MINING ON THE ... - IIED pubs

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?