OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF MINING ON THE ... - IIED pubs

More documents

Recommendations

Info

3.8 The Luena and Zambezi Headwaters sub-catchment........................................................... 95 3.9 The Kabompo sub-catchment ................................................................................................. 97 3.10 The Middle Zambezi sub-catchment....................................................................................... 99 3.11 The Lunga sub-catchment..................................................................................................... 100 3.12 The Upper Kafue sub-catchment .......................................................................................... 102 3.13 The Lower Kafue sub-catchment .......................................................................................... 107 3.14 The Kariba (Zambia) sub-catchment .................................................................................... 109 3.15 The Chirundu sub-catchment ................................................................................................ 112 3.16 The Mulungushi sub-catchment ............................................................................................ 114 3.17 The Luangwa sub-catchment ................................................................................................ 117 3.18 The Cahora Bassa (Mozambique) sub-catchment .............................................................. 119 3.19 The Shire (Malawi and Tanzania) sub-catchment................................................................ 122 3.20 The Mazowe (Mozambique) sub-catchment ........................................................................ 125 3.21 The Lower Zambezi (Mozambique) sub-catchment............................................................. 127 3.22 The Chamabonda sub-catchment......................................................................................... 129 3.23 The Matetsi sub-catchment ................................................................................................... 131 3.24 The Deka sub-catchment....................................................................................................... 133 3.25 The Gwayi sub-catchment..................................................................................................... 135 3.26 The Sebungwe and Lwizilukulu sub-catchments ................................................................. 139 3.27 The Sengwa sub-catchment.................................................................................................. 141 3.28 The Ume sub-catchment ....................................................................................................... 144 3.29 The Sanyati-Munyati sub-catchment .................................................................................... 146 3.30 The Mupfure sub-catchment.................................................................................................. 151 3.31 The Charara and Nyaodza sub-catchments......................................................................... 153 3.32 The Rukomeshe and Chewore sub-catchments.................................................................. 155 3.33 The Angwa sub-catchment.................................................................................................... 157 3.34 The Manyame sub-catchment............................................................................................... 161 3.35 The Musengezi sub-catchment ............................................................................................. 164 3.36 The Ruya sub-catchment....................................................................................................... 166 3.37 The Mazowe (Zimbabwe) sub-catchment ............................................................................ 168 3.38 The Ruenya sub-catchment .................................................................................................. 172 3.39 The Kairezi sub-catchment.................................................................................................... 175 3.40 Summary of impacts of mining operations on water resources and water quality in the Zambezi basin ........................................................................................................................ 177 4. <strong>THE</strong> LIMPOPO BASIN..................................................................................................................... 181 4.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................. 181 4.1.1 Geology, topography and soils ................................................................................. 182 4.1.2 Climatic features ........................................................................................................ 183 4.1.3 Population and land use patterns .............................................................................. 184 4.1.4 Hydrological characteristics, water availability and patterns of water use .................................................................................................................... 186 4.1.5 Water management systems and institutions ........................................................... 188 viii
4.1.6 Mining and mineral processing operations within the Limpopo basin ............................................................................................................................ 190 4.2 The Ngotwane-Bonwapitse sub-catchment.......................................................................... 192 4.3 The Lotsane sub-catchment.................................................................................................. 194 4.4 The Motloutse sub-catchment ............................................................................................... 197 4.5 The Shashe - Tuli (Botswana and Zimbabwe) sub-catchment ........................................... 199 4.6 The Pazhi sub-catchment...................................................................................................... 202 4.7 The Mzingwane sub-catchment ............................................................................................ 204 4.8 The Diti sub-catchment.......................................................................................................... 207 4.9 The Bubye sub-catchment..................................................................................................... 209 4.10 The Mwenezi sub-catchment ................................................................................................ 211 4.11 The Mkgadikgadi sub-catchment .......................................................................................... 213 4.12 The Lower Limpopo (Mozambique) sub-catchment............................................................. 215 4.13 The Marico sub-catchment .................................................................................................... 218 4.14 The Crocodile-Elands-Pienaarsrivier sub-catchment........................................................... 221 4.15 The Matlabas-Mokolo sub-catchment................................................................................... 227 4.16 The Laphalala sub-catchment ............................................................................................... 230 4.17 The Theuniskloof sub-catchment .......................................................................................... 233 4.18 The Mogalakwena sub-catchment ........................................................................................ 235 4.19 The Setoka-Soutsloot sub-catchment................................................................................... 239 4.20 The Sand sub-catchment....................................................................................................... 242 4.21 The Nzhelele sub-catchment................................................................................................. 246 4.22 The Levuvhu sub-catchment ................................................................................................. 249 4.23 Summary of impacts of mining operations on water resources and water quality in the Limpopo basin ........................................................................................................................ 253 5. <strong>THE</strong> OLIFANTS BASIN ................................................................................................................... 256 5.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................. 256 5.1.1 Geology, topography and soils .................................................................................. 257 5.1.2 Climatic features ......................................................................................................... 258 5.1.3 Population and land use patterns .............................................................................. 259 5.1.4 Hydrological characteristics, water availability and patterns of water use .................................................................................................................... 260 5.1.5 Water management systems and institutions ........................................................... 261 5.1.6 Mining and mineral processing operations within the Olifants basin ............................................................................................................................. 262 5.2 The Wilge sub-catchment...................................................................................................... 263 5.3 The Little Olifants-Reit sub-catchment................................................................................... 266 5.4 The Middle Olifants sub-catchment........................................................................................ 272 5.5 The Steelpoort sub-catchment ............................................................................................... 277 5.6 The Blyde sub-catchment...................................................................................................... 282 5.7 The Selati sub-catchment....................................................................................................... 286 5.8 The Middle and Great Letaba sub-catchment ....................................................................... 292 ix
Page 1 and 2: AN OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF MINING
Page 3 and 4: AN OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF MINING
Page 5 and 6: exploited, the size of the facility
Page 7: 2.3.6 Stockpiling and transport of
Page 11 and 12: LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Compari
Page 13 and 14: Table 1.6: Minimum annual productio
Page 15 and 16: Table 3.26: Mining operations in th
Page 17 and 18: Table 4.22: Mining operations in th
Page 19 and 20: ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Several enthusiast
Page 21 and 22: 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFO
Page 23 and 24: Box 1.2). Each research team is req
Page 25 and 26: The MRC cannot be held responsible
Page 27 and 28: of amenity or deterioration in wate
Page 29 and 30: Typically, river flows in the count
Page 31 and 32: In simple terms, all of the propone
Page 33 and 34: shared by more than one country, es
Page 35 and 36: most appropriate technical or inves
Page 37 and 38: CAMEROUN GABON CENTRAL AFRICAN REPU
Page 39 and 40: 1.6.1 Data on the location, nature,
Page 41 and 42: 1997). In future studies, more atte
Page 43 and 44: Section 5 briefly reviews the water
Page 45 and 46: Mining methods vary widely and depe
Page 47 and 48: Removal and storage of ores and was
Page 49 and 50: These effects are usually ameliorat
Page 51 and 52: Water quality changes are widely co
Page 53 and 54: these substances are often mobilize
Page 55 and 56: The acidification of the water has
Page 57 and 58: and kinetic stability of the comple
Page 59 and 60:
This process is carefully balanced
Page 61 and 62:
neutralize each other - this situat
Page 63 and 64:
(Chenje, 2000). Despite the recent
Page 65 and 66:
Swaziland Water Environment Tanzani
Page 67 and 68:
Draft Environmental Management Bill
Page 69 and 70:
siting of works plan for approval t
Page 71 and 72:
The draft policy encourages develop
Page 73 and 74:
provides a definition but one which
Page 75 and 76:
2.9.3.9 Zimbabwe Environmental Impa
Page 77 and 78:
Sector Activity Industry °Chemical
Page 79 and 80:
Cyanides and related compounds (CN)
Page 81 and 82:
of Natural Resources and the South
Page 83 and 84:
3.1.1 Geology, topography and soils
Page 85 and 86:
Air temperatures across the Zambezi
Page 87 and 88:
or fuelwood production. Similar pat
Page 89 and 90:
Zambia. Clearly, some water quality
Page 91 and 92:
3.2.1.6 Human impacts on water reso
Page 93 and 94:
The Botswana segment of this area f
Page 95 and 96:
3.4.1.4 Surface water users The onl
Page 97 and 98:
3.5.1.2 Geology The Upper Karoo Bat
Page 99 and 100:
3.5.6 Implications for water qualit
Page 101 and 102:
3.6.4 Monitoring systems None. 3.6.
Page 103 and 104:
3.7.2 Mining and mineral processing
Page 105 and 106:
3.8.1.5 Water management systems Th
Page 107 and 108:
3.9.1.2 Geology This sub-catchment
Page 109 and 110:
3.9.5 Water quality data None avail
Page 111 and 112:
Z-87 Mulobezi Amethyst Operating Ve
Page 113 and 114:
3.11.1.6 Human impacts on water res
Page 115 and 116:
3.12.1.2 Geology This sub-catchment
Page 117 and 118:
• Increased quantities of suspend
Page 119 and 120:
Determinant Fischer’s Farm Raglan
Page 121 and 122:
3.13.1.4 Surface water users There
Page 123 and 124:
The Nampundwe pyrite mine poses a r
Page 125 and 126:
Z-90 Chisuki Mica, Tin, Tantalite O
Page 127 and 128:
along the major roads between Chiru
Page 129 and 130:
3.16.1 General description 3.16.1.1
Page 131 and 132:
Z-17 Jessie Gold Starting Very Smal
Page 133 and 134:
Small intrusions of Greenstone form
Page 135 and 136:
Several stretches of streams and ri
Page 137 and 138:
3.18.1.5 Water management systems T
Page 139 and 140:
3.18.6 Implications for water quali
Page 141 and 142:
Page 143 and 144:
3.20 The Mazowe (Mozambique) sub-ca
Page 145 and 146:
3.20.4 Monitoring systems This area
Page 147 and 148:
Table 3.21: Mining operations in th
Page 149 and 150:
The only settlements of any size ar
Page 151 and 152:
Page 153 and 154:
3.23.4 Monitoring systems None. 3.2
Page 155 and 156:
• Non-point impact from minefield
Page 157 and 158:
This is Zones G1-G6, B1-B3, S1-S6,
Page 159 and 160:
The catchment falls mainly under th
Page 161 and 162:
The two lone water quality data poi
Page 163 and 164:
• Non-point domestic effluent, ru
Page 165 and 166:
Land use comprises the Siabuwa, Oma
Page 167 and 168:
3.28 The Ume sub-catchment 3.28.1 G
Page 169 and 170:
3.28.4 Monitoring systems None. 3.2
Page 171 and 172:
3.29.1.4 Surface water users The Ci
Page 173 and 174:
Thristle Etna Gold 6.7 Medium Tiger
Page 175 and 176:
Sanyati, all may well contribute or
Page 177 and 178:
3.30.1.5 Water management systems T
Page 179 and 180:
This is Zone Z1 of Area C (ZSG, 198
Page 181 and 182:
3.31.5 Water quality data Only one
Page 183 and 184:
3.32.2 Mining and mineral processin
Page 185 and 186:
Land use above the Zambezi Escarpme
Page 187 and 188:
Extensive alluvial mining of gold t
Page 189 and 190:
The major settlements are the metro
Page 191 and 192:
Page 193 and 194:
• Urban run off, urban areas of C
Page 195 and 196:
3.36.1.4 Surface water users The to
Page 197 and 198:
3.37.1.1 Hydrology This is Zones M1
Page 199 and 200:
The catchment falls under the Harar
Page 201 and 202:
3.37.3 Alluvial mining Alluvial min
Page 203 and 204:
widely intruded by Mashonaland Dole
Page 205 and 206:
3.38.4 Monitoring systems ZINWA is
Page 207 and 208:
Page 209 and 210:
4. THE LIMPOPO BASIN In order to pr
Page 211 and 212:
Mountains. Most of the basin consis
Page 213 and 214:
the City of Pretoria and the northe
Page 215 and 216:
continues to flow in the deeper all
Page 217 and 218:
Each basin state maintains its own
Page 219 and 220:
Land use in the upper parts of the
Page 221 and 222:
the Limpopo River some 100 kilometr
Page 223 and 224:
None obtainable in time for this re
Page 225 and 226:
4.4.2 Mining and mineral processing
Page 227 and 228:
In the Botswana sector of the sub-c
Page 229 and 230:
Page 231 and 232:
Page 233 and 234:
Table 4.9: Mining operations in the
Page 235 and 236:
4.7.4 Monitoring systems ZINWA is c
Page 237 and 238:
There is exploration for diamonds (
Page 239 and 240:
There is exploration, mainly for di
Page 241 and 242:
Page 243 and 244:
Hwange National Park (ZSG, 1998). A
Page 245 and 246:
4.12.1.3 Pedology, agriculture and
Page 247 and 248:
4.13 The Marico sub-catchment 4.13.
Page 249 and 250:
• Major non-point impact of agric
Page 251 and 252:
Several thermal springs are located
Page 253 and 254:
• Disposal of large volumes of li
Page 255 and 256:
D7-13 Premier Diamond - kimberlite
Page 257 and 258:
Page 259 and 260:
Page 261 and 262:
Most of the clayey loam soils in th
Page 263 and 264:
4.17 The Theuniskloof sub-catchment
Page 265 and 266:
4.17.4 Monitoring systems The Depar
Page 267 and 268:
4.18.1.4 Surface water users All of
Page 269 and 270:
Water quality data for three sites
Page 271 and 272:
supplies in the sub-catchment, the
Page 273 and 274:
4.20.1.2 Geology Like the Mogalakwe
Page 275 and 276:
• Minor non-point impact from non
Page 277 and 278:
4.21 The Nzhelele sub-catchment 4.2
Page 279 and 280:
Page 281 and 282:
4.22.1.3 Pedology, agriculture and
Page 283 and 284:
Code Number Name of Mine Commodity
Page 285 and 286:
5. THE OLIFANTS CATCHMENT In order
Page 287 and 288:
Soil formations across the Olifants
Page 289 and 290:
indices of per capita agricultural
Page 291 and 292:
professional capacity within the me
Page 293 and 294:
• Dark grey to blackish, mottled
Page 295 and 296:
5.2.5 Water quality data No specifi
Page 297 and 298:
Several towns (e.g. Witbank and Mid
Page 299 and 300:
The following mining operations are
Page 301 and 302:
5.3.6 Implications for water qualit
Page 303 and 304:
5.4.1.3 Pedology, agriculture and l
Page 305 and 306:
K 5.5 5 4.5 Cl 380 350 200 F 1.0 1.
Page 307 and 308:
local geological formations. High c
Page 309 and 310:
The South African Department of Wat
Page 311 and 312:
pH 8.5 8.3 8.8 8.7 8.8 8.9 TDS 439
Page 313 and 314:
Soils in the sub-catchment can be d
Page 315 and 316:
No information is available on the
Page 317 and 318:
In its upper reaches, the sub-catch
Page 319 and 320:
The Phalaborwa Water Board has been
Page 321 and 322:
m 3 /day) water abstractions, and m
Page 323 and 324:
In the south-west of the sub-catchm
Page 325 and 326:
• Minor non-point impact of agric
Page 327 and 328:
(Figure 4.2). The tributaries of th
Page 329 and 330:
5.9.1.6 Human impacts on water reso
Page 331 and 332:
y the upper Klaserie River. Recent
Page 333 and 334:
Page 335 and 336:
In Mozambique, the Mozambican Depar
Page 337 and 338:
Acid mine drainage (AMD) represents
Page 339 and 340:
• Antimony, cadmium and tin conta
Page 341 and 342:
• Decreased light penetration to
Page 343 and 344:
6.1.8 “Peripheral” or indirect
Page 345 and 346:
Worldwide, the general public has e
Page 347 and 348:
2. That copies of this report shoul
Page 349 and 350:
Banks, D., P.L. Younger, R.T. Arnes
Page 351 and 352:
CSIR (1993). An Environmental Impac
Page 353 and 354:
Fuggle, R.F. & M.A. Rabie (1996). E
Page 355 and 356:
Love, D. & D.K. Hallbauer (2000). M
Page 357 and 358:
Pettersson, U.T. & J. Ingri (2000b)
Page 359 and 360:
Turton, A.R. (1999b). Water scarcit
Page 361 and 362:
World Bank (1998). World Developmen
show all

OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF MINING ON THE ... - IIED pubs

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?