OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF MINING ON THE ... - IIED pubs

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Shamva Gold In operation 68.7 High: Size & Arsenic possible Ky Kyanite Closed 1977 31453 Low Early Worm Limestone Open in 1984 576463 Medium Mbebi Limestone Closed 1984 115983 Low Sternblick Limestone Open in 1984 5789587 Medium Arcadia Lithium Closed 1972 7750.0 Low Casa Ventura Lithium Closed 1981 606.0 Low Fungwe Lithium Closed 1969 601.0 Low Mauve Lithium Closed 1958 4922.0 Low Mistress Lithium Closed 1971 1740.0 Low Winston Lithium Closed 1967 1122.0 Low Madziwa Nickel In operation 29306.0 High: AMD possible Trojan Nickel In operation 69937.0 High: AMD possible Trojan Platinum In operation Medium Iron Duke Pyrite In operation 2180495.0 High Barauta Sapphire Closed 1971 0.00019 Low Benson Group Tantalum Closed 1983 167.0 Low Beryl Rose Tantalum Open in 1984 26.8 Low Bush Ridge Tantalum Closed 1981 8.8 Low Joking Tantalum Closed 1963 5.4 Low Mabelle Tantalum Closed 1982 5.2 Low Mauve Tantalum Closed 1983 22.8 Low Mistress Tantalum Closed 1984 31.0 Low Mkanga Tantalum Closed 1981 6.9 Low Patronage Tantalum Closed 1980 6.6 Low Wanroo Tantalum Closed 1962 5.1 Low Alton Tungsten Closed 1971 532.35 Low Ball Tungsten Closed 1971 294.250 Low Hill Top Tungsten Closed 1980 65.120 Low Kakonde Tungsten Closed 1972 76.9 Low RAN Tungsten W closed 1965, producing Au only cc 772.0 Low Scheelite King Tungsten Closed 1981 860.3 Low Winter's Tale Vermiculite Closed 1959 1647.18 Low See ZGS (1988a) and ZGS (1988b) for locations. There is exploration for gold, copper, zinc, lead, tantalum, PGEs, arsenic, silver, nickel, kyanite and mica (ZGS, 2001).
3.37.3 Alluvial mining Alluvial mining of gold is reported by Chiyanike (1997) from the Mazowe, Nyadiri and Nyagui Rivers (Figure 3.14). Other tributaries, such as the Mufurudzi River, are also alluvial mined. The alluvial mining is very extensive. 3.37.4 Monitoring systems ZINWA is currently setting up a monitoring system. 3.37.5 Water quality data None available from ZINWA. Chenje and other (1998) provided data on discharges from Trojan Mine. Table 3.37: Actual discharge from Trojan Mine, after Chenje et al. (1998). PH 7.07 Alkalinity 140ppm TDS 221ppm Total hardness - NO3 8.06ppm N Cl - 3- 2ppm PO4 Mg 8ppm Ca 34ppm K 4.6ppm The most significant impacts of mining to be expected are:cci 2- 0.2ppm SO4 84ppm 13ppm Gratwicke (1999), in a study on rivers downstream of the Mazowe Group and iron Duke Mines, provides the following data (Table 3.38): Table 3.38: Data from Mazowe area: range over 9 months, after Gratwicke (1999). Site name (Gratwicke 1999) Mine Citrus Bridge After confluence pH 3.10 – 6.90 6.95 – 7.94 6.29 – 7.92 Conductivity / µS/cm 125 – 5000 348 – 475 330 – 490 Dissolved O / ppm 0.00 – 6.84 5.18 – 7.52 4.10 – 7.40 Location relative to mines Below Iron Duke Below Mazowe Group Below both 3.37.6 Implications for water quality and quantity management
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AN OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF MINING
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AN OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF MINING
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exploited, the size of the facility
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2.3.6 Stockpiling and transport of
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4.1.6 Mining and mineral processing
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Compari
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Table 1.6: Minimum annual productio
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Table 3.26: Mining operations in th
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Several enthusiast
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1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFO
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Box 1.2). Each research team is req
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The MRC cannot be held responsible
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of amenity or deterioration in wate
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Typically, river flows in the count
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In simple terms, all of the propone
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shared by more than one country, es
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most appropriate technical or inves
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CAMEROUN GABON CENTRAL AFRICAN REPU
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1.6.1 Data on the location, nature,
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1997). In future studies, more atte
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Section 5 briefly reviews the water
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Mining methods vary widely and depe
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Removal and storage of ores and was
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These effects are usually ameliorat
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Water quality changes are widely co
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these substances are often mobilize
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The acidification of the water has
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and kinetic stability of the comple
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This process is carefully balanced
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neutralize each other - this situat
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(Chenje, 2000). Despite the recent
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Swaziland Water Environment Tanzani
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Draft Environmental Management Bill
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siting of works plan for approval t
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The draft policy encourages develop
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provides a definition but one which
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2.9.3.9 Zimbabwe Environmental Impa
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Sector Activity Industry °Chemical
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Cyanides and related compounds (CN)
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of Natural Resources and the South
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3.1.1 Geology, topography and soils
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Air temperatures across the Zambezi
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or fuelwood production. Similar pat
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Zambia. Clearly, some water quality
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3.2.1.6 Human impacts on water reso
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The Botswana segment of this area f
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3.4.1.4 Surface water users The onl
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3.5.1.2 Geology The Upper Karoo Bat
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3.5.6 Implications for water qualit
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3.6.4 Monitoring systems None. 3.6.
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3.7.2 Mining and mineral processing
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3.8.1.5 Water management systems Th
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3.9.1.2 Geology This sub-catchment
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3.9.5 Water quality data None avail
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Z-87 Mulobezi Amethyst Operating Ve
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3.11.1.6 Human impacts on water res
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3.12.1.2 Geology This sub-catchment
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• Increased quantities of suspend
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Determinant Fischer’s Farm Raglan
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3.13.1.4 Surface water users There
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The Nampundwe pyrite mine poses a r
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Z-90 Chisuki Mica, Tin, Tantalite O
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along the major roads between Chiru
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3.16.1 General description 3.16.1.1
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Z-17 Jessie Gold Starting Very Smal
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Small intrusions of Greenstone form
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Several stretches of streams and ri
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3.18.1.5 Water management systems T
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3.18.6 Implications for water quali
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3.20 The Mazowe (Mozambique) sub-ca
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3.20.4 Monitoring systems This area
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Page 149 and 150: The only settlements of any size ar
Page 151 and 152: 3.23.1 General description 3.23.1.1
Page 153 and 154: 3.23.4 Monitoring systems None. 3.2
Page 155 and 156: • Non-point impact from minefield
Page 157 and 158: This is Zones G1-G6, B1-B3, S1-S6,
Page 159 and 160: The catchment falls mainly under th
Page 161 and 162: The two lone water quality data poi
Page 163 and 164: • Non-point domestic effluent, ru
Page 165 and 166: Land use comprises the Siabuwa, Oma
Page 167 and 168: 3.28 The Ume sub-catchment 3.28.1 G
Page 169 and 170: 3.28.4 Monitoring systems None. 3.2
Page 171 and 172: 3.29.1.4 Surface water users The Ci
Page 173 and 174: Thristle Etna Gold 6.7 Medium Tiger
Page 175 and 176: Sanyati, all may well contribute or
Page 177 and 178: 3.30.1.5 Water management systems T
Page 179 and 180: This is Zone Z1 of Area C (ZSG, 198
Page 181 and 182: 3.31.5 Water quality data Only one
Page 183 and 184: 3.32.2 Mining and mineral processin
Page 185 and 186: Land use above the Zambezi Escarpme
Page 187 and 188: Extensive alluvial mining of gold t
Page 189 and 190: The major settlements are the metro
Page 191 and 192: 3.34.6 Implications for water quali
Page 193 and 194: • Urban run off, urban areas of C
Page 195 and 196: 3.36.1.4 Surface water users The to
Page 197 and 198: 3.37.1.1 Hydrology This is Zones M1
Page 199: The catchment falls under the Harar
Page 203 and 204: widely intruded by Mashonaland Dole
Page 205 and 206: 3.38.4 Monitoring systems ZINWA is
Page 209 and 210: 4. THE LIMPOPO BASIN In order to pr
Page 211 and 212: Mountains. Most of the basin consis
Page 213 and 214: the City of Pretoria and the northe
Page 215 and 216: continues to flow in the deeper all
Page 217 and 218: Each basin state maintains its own
Page 219 and 220: Land use in the upper parts of the
Page 221 and 222: the Limpopo River some 100 kilometr
Page 223 and 224: None obtainable in time for this re
Page 225 and 226: 4.4.2 Mining and mineral processing
Page 227 and 228: In the Botswana sector of the sub-c
Page 229 and 230: 4.5.5 Water quality data None avail
Page 231 and 232: 4.6.5 Water quality data None avail
Page 233 and 234: Table 4.9: Mining operations in the
Page 235 and 236: 4.7.4 Monitoring systems ZINWA is c
Page 237 and 238: There is exploration for diamonds (
Page 239 and 240: There is exploration, mainly for di
Page 243 and 244: Hwange National Park (ZSG, 1998). A
Page 245 and 246: 4.12.1.3 Pedology, agriculture and
Page 247 and 248: 4.13 The Marico sub-catchment 4.13.
Page 249 and 250: • Major non-point impact of agric
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Several thermal springs are located
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• Disposal of large volumes of li
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D7-13 Premier Diamond - kimberlite
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4.15.1 General description 4.15.1.1
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4.15.2 Mining and mineral processin
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Most of the clayey loam soils in th
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4.17 The Theuniskloof sub-catchment
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4.17.4 Monitoring systems The Depar
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4.18.1.4 Surface water users All of
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Water quality data for three sites
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supplies in the sub-catchment, the
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4.20.1.2 Geology Like the Mogalakwe
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• Minor non-point impact from non
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4.21 The Nzhelele sub-catchment 4.2
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4.22.1.3 Pedology, agriculture and
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Code Number Name of Mine Commodity
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5. THE OLIFANTS CATCHMENT In order
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Soil formations across the Olifants
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indices of per capita agricultural
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professional capacity within the me
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• Dark grey to blackish, mottled
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5.2.5 Water quality data No specifi
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Several towns (e.g. Witbank and Mid
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The following mining operations are
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5.3.6 Implications for water qualit
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5.4.1.3 Pedology, agriculture and l
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K 5.5 5 4.5 Cl 380 350 200 F 1.0 1.
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local geological formations. High c
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The South African Department of Wat
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pH 8.5 8.3 8.8 8.7 8.8 8.9 TDS 439
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Soils in the sub-catchment can be d
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No information is available on the
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In its upper reaches, the sub-catch
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The Phalaborwa Water Board has been
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m 3 /day) water abstractions, and m
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In the south-west of the sub-catchm
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• Minor non-point impact of agric
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(Figure 4.2). The tributaries of th
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5.9.1.6 Human impacts on water reso
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y the upper Klaserie River. Recent
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5.10.6 Implications for water quali
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In Mozambique, the Mozambican Depar
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Acid mine drainage (AMD) represents
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• Antimony, cadmium and tin conta
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• Decreased light penetration to
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6.1.8 “Peripheral” or indirect
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Worldwide, the general public has e
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2. That copies of this report shoul
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Banks, D., P.L. Younger, R.T. Arnes
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CSIR (1993). An Environmental Impac
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Fuggle, R.F. & M.A. Rabie (1996). E
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Love, D. & D.K. Hallbauer (2000). M
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Pettersson, U.T. & J. Ingri (2000b)
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Turton, A.R. (1999b). Water scarcit
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World Bank (1998). World Developmen
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