OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF MINING ON THE ... - IIED pubs

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Name Commodity Status ccxxxiv Total produced /t Beta Asbestos Closed 1972 3291.5 Low Croft Asbestos Closed 1968 24674.5 Low Kudu Asbestos Closed 1980 6377.6 Low Lenninhurst Asbestos Closed 1967 5893.5 Low Pangani Asbestos Closed 1981 123135.9 Low Recompense Asbestos Closed 1961 1129.2 Low Thornwood Asbestos Closed 1981 59683.0 Low Wynnes Asbestos Closed 1976 25005.0 Low Greenhill Aventurine Closed 1975 160.4 Low Jopempe Aventurine Closed 1984 191.5 Low Dick Mick Barytes Closed 1963 580.6 Low Cement Clay Closed 1977 696139.0 Medium Korbut Clay Closed 1984 471926.0 Low Willsgrove Clay Closed 1984 4000000.0 Medium Potential Impact Epoch Cobalt Closed 1999 94.0 High: AMD possible Coen's Luck Emerald Closed 1977 0.00542 Low Felspar Feldspar Closed 1951 4667.0 Low Finact Flintclay Closed 1984 1400.0 Low Red Mite Garnet industrial Closed 1976 16.9 Low Bushtick Gold Closed 15.0 Medium Fred Gold In operation 17.8 High: Arsenic possible Geelong Gold 5.4 Medium How Gold In operation 25.5 High: As possible Jessie Gold 13.7 Medium Colleen Bawn Limestone In operation 11797070 Medium Epoch Nickel Closed 1999 15124.0 High: AMD possible Fernando / Fred Tungsten Closed 1980 66.21 Low Fit Tungsten Closed 1982 86 Low Good Hope Tungsten Closed 1971 138.3 Low Hope Tungsten Closed 1968 78.0 Low Killarney Tungsten Closed 1981 106.3 Low Lioness Group Tungsten Closed 1982 426.0 Low Mustard Tungsten Closed 1979 74.1 Low Richardson Group Tungsten Closed 1970 200.9 Low Sapphire Blue Tungsten Closed 1973 71.7 Low Sydkom Tungsten Closed 1984 635.9 Low Union Jack Tungsten Closed 1971 59.5 Low See ZGS (1988a ) and ZGS (1988b ) for locatio ns. 4.7.3 Alluvial Alluvial mining of gold takes place in the Mzing wane and Insiza Rivers (Chiya nike, 1997), and more genera lly throug hout the Filabus i Greens tone Belt (Figur e 3.14).
4.7.4 Monitoring systems ZINWA is currently setting one up. 4.7.5 Water quality data None available. 4.7.6 Implications for water quality and quantity management Impact is to be expected from three sources: • Epoch nickel and cobalt mine, with potential acid mine drainage; • The arseniferous How and Fred gold mines, with potential acid mine drainage; and • Alluvial gold mining. All three of these are associated with the greenstone belts, as is the medium level impact of numerous smaller gold mines. The Mzingwane sub-catchment is the most intensely mined in the Limpopo Catchment in Zimbabwe. 4.8 The Diti sub-catchment 4.8.1 General description 4.8.1.1 Hydrology This is Zone L2 of Area B (ZSG, 1984). The area consists of the catchments of several small rivers, which flow directly into the Limpopo. The two largest are the Diti and the Shashashi. 4.8.1.2 Geology See Figure 3.6 (ZGS, 1999). Limpopo Belt gneisses underlie most of the sub-catchment, with some Karoo sediments in the southeast. 4.8.1.3 Pedology, agriculture and land use ccxxxv
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AN OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF MINING
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AN OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF MINING
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exploited, the size of the facility
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2.3.6 Stockpiling and transport of
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4.1.6 Mining and mineral processing
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Compari
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Table 1.6: Minimum annual productio
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Table 3.26: Mining operations in th
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Several enthusiast
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1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFO
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Box 1.2). Each research team is req
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The MRC cannot be held responsible
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of amenity or deterioration in wate
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Typically, river flows in the count
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In simple terms, all of the propone
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shared by more than one country, es
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most appropriate technical or inves
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CAMEROUN GABON CENTRAL AFRICAN REPU
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1.6.1 Data on the location, nature,
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1997). In future studies, more atte
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Section 5 briefly reviews the water
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Mining methods vary widely and depe
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Removal and storage of ores and was
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These effects are usually ameliorat
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Water quality changes are widely co
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these substances are often mobilize
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The acidification of the water has
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and kinetic stability of the comple
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This process is carefully balanced
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neutralize each other - this situat
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(Chenje, 2000). Despite the recent
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Swaziland Water Environment Tanzani
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Draft Environmental Management Bill
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siting of works plan for approval t
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The draft policy encourages develop
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provides a definition but one which
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2.9.3.9 Zimbabwe Environmental Impa
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Sector Activity Industry °Chemical
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Cyanides and related compounds (CN)
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of Natural Resources and the South
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3.1.1 Geology, topography and soils
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Air temperatures across the Zambezi
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or fuelwood production. Similar pat
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Zambia. Clearly, some water quality
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3.2.1.6 Human impacts on water reso
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The Botswana segment of this area f
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3.4.1.4 Surface water users The onl
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3.5.1.2 Geology The Upper Karoo Bat
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3.5.6 Implications for water qualit
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3.6.4 Monitoring systems None. 3.6.
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3.7.2 Mining and mineral processing
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3.8.1.5 Water management systems Th
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3.9.1.2 Geology This sub-catchment
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3.9.5 Water quality data None avail
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Z-87 Mulobezi Amethyst Operating Ve
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3.11.1.6 Human impacts on water res
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3.12.1.2 Geology This sub-catchment
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• Increased quantities of suspend
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Determinant Fischer’s Farm Raglan
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3.13.1.4 Surface water users There
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The Nampundwe pyrite mine poses a r
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Z-90 Chisuki Mica, Tin, Tantalite O
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along the major roads between Chiru
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3.16.1 General description 3.16.1.1
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Z-17 Jessie Gold Starting Very Smal
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Small intrusions of Greenstone form
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Several stretches of streams and ri
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3.18.1.5 Water management systems T
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3.18.6 Implications for water quali
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3.19.1.6 Human impacts on water res
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3.20 The Mazowe (Mozambique) sub-ca
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3.20.4 Monitoring systems This area
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The only settlements of any size ar
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3.23.1 General description 3.23.1.1
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3.23.4 Monitoring systems None. 3.2
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• Non-point impact from minefield
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This is Zones G1-G6, B1-B3, S1-S6,
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The catchment falls mainly under th
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The two lone water quality data poi
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• Non-point domestic effluent, ru
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Land use comprises the Siabuwa, Oma
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3.28 The Ume sub-catchment 3.28.1 G
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3.28.4 Monitoring systems None. 3.2
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3.29.1.4 Surface water users The Ci
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Thristle Etna Gold 6.7 Medium Tiger
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Sanyati, all may well contribute or
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3.30.1.5 Water management systems T
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This is Zone Z1 of Area C (ZSG, 198
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3.31.5 Water quality data Only one
Page 183 and 184: 3.32.2 Mining and mineral processin
Page 185 and 186: Land use above the Zambezi Escarpme
Page 187 and 188: Extensive alluvial mining of gold t
Page 189 and 190: The major settlements are the metro
Page 191 and 192: 3.34.6 Implications for water quali
Page 193 and 194: • Urban run off, urban areas of C
Page 195 and 196: 3.36.1.4 Surface water users The to
Page 197 and 198: 3.37.1.1 Hydrology This is Zones M1
Page 199 and 200: The catchment falls under the Harar
Page 201 and 202: 3.37.3 Alluvial mining Alluvial min
Page 203 and 204: widely intruded by Mashonaland Dole
Page 205 and 206: 3.38.4 Monitoring systems ZINWA is
Page 209 and 210: 4. THE LIMPOPO BASIN In order to pr
Page 211 and 212: Mountains. Most of the basin consis
Page 213 and 214: the City of Pretoria and the northe
Page 215 and 216: continues to flow in the deeper all
Page 217 and 218: Each basin state maintains its own
Page 219 and 220: Land use in the upper parts of the
Page 221 and 222: the Limpopo River some 100 kilometr
Page 223 and 224: None obtainable in time for this re
Page 225 and 226: 4.4.2 Mining and mineral processing
Page 227 and 228: In the Botswana sector of the sub-c
Page 229 and 230: 4.5.5 Water quality data None avail
Page 231 and 232: 4.6.5 Water quality data None avail
Page 233: Table 4.9: Mining operations in the
Page 237 and 238: There is exploration for diamonds (
Page 239 and 240: There is exploration, mainly for di
Page 243 and 244: Hwange National Park (ZSG, 1998). A
Page 245 and 246: 4.12.1.3 Pedology, agriculture and
Page 247 and 248: 4.13 The Marico sub-catchment 4.13.
Page 249 and 250: • Major non-point impact of agric
Page 251 and 252: Several thermal springs are located
Page 253 and 254: • Disposal of large volumes of li
Page 255 and 256: D7-13 Premier Diamond - kimberlite
Page 257 and 258: 4.15.1 General description 4.15.1.1
Page 261 and 262: Most of the clayey loam soils in th
Page 263 and 264: 4.17 The Theuniskloof sub-catchment
Page 265 and 266: 4.17.4 Monitoring systems The Depar
Page 267 and 268: 4.18.1.4 Surface water users All of
Page 269 and 270: Water quality data for three sites
Page 271 and 272: supplies in the sub-catchment, the
Page 273 and 274: 4.20.1.2 Geology Like the Mogalakwe
Page 275 and 276: • Minor non-point impact from non
Page 277 and 278: 4.21 The Nzhelele sub-catchment 4.2
Page 279 and 280: 4.21.1.6 Human impacts on water res
Page 281 and 282: 4.22.1.3 Pedology, agriculture and
Page 283 and 284: Code Number Name of Mine Commodity
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5. THE OLIFANTS CATCHMENT In order
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Soil formations across the Olifants
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indices of per capita agricultural
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professional capacity within the me
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• Dark grey to blackish, mottled
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5.2.5 Water quality data No specifi
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Several towns (e.g. Witbank and Mid
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The following mining operations are
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5.3.6 Implications for water qualit
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5.4.1.3 Pedology, agriculture and l
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K 5.5 5 4.5 Cl 380 350 200 F 1.0 1.
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local geological formations. High c
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The South African Department of Wat
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pH 8.5 8.3 8.8 8.7 8.8 8.9 TDS 439
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Soils in the sub-catchment can be d
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No information is available on the
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In its upper reaches, the sub-catch
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The Phalaborwa Water Board has been
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m 3 /day) water abstractions, and m
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In the south-west of the sub-catchm
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• Minor non-point impact of agric
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(Figure 4.2). The tributaries of th
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5.9.1.6 Human impacts on water reso
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y the upper Klaserie River. Recent
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5.10.6 Implications for water quali
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In Mozambique, the Mozambican Depar
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Acid mine drainage (AMD) represents
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• Antimony, cadmium and tin conta
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• Decreased light penetration to
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6.1.8 “Peripheral” or indirect
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Worldwide, the general public has e
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2. That copies of this report shoul
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Banks, D., P.L. Younger, R.T. Arnes
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CSIR (1993). An Environmental Impac
Page 353 and 354:
Fuggle, R.F. & M.A. Rabie (1996). E
Page 355 and 356:
Love, D. & D.K. Hallbauer (2000). M
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Pettersson, U.T. & J. Ingri (2000b)
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Turton, A.R. (1999b). Water scarcit
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World Bank (1998). World Developmen
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