OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF MINING ON THE ... - IIED pubs

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The major settlements are the eastern edges of the City of Harare, and the towns of Goromonzi, Mazowe, Bindura, Shamva, Murehwa and Mutoko. 3.37.1.4 Surface water users Goromonzi, Bindura, Shamva, Murehwa and Mutoko draw water from within the sub-catchment. The City of Marondera, although located in the Save Catchment, draws its water supply from Longlands Dam on the Nyambuya River, a tributary of the Nyagui. The City of Harare draws water from outside the sub-catchment. Irrigation by commercial agriculture is a major water user, notably use of water from Mazowe Dam for citrus estates. 3.37.1.5 Water management systems The sub-catchment falls under the Mazowe Catchment Council of ZINWA. 3.37.1.6 Human impacts on water resources (excluding mining) The following could be expected to have an impact on water resources: • Landfills, urban areas of Harare, Goromonzi, Mazowe, Bindura, Shamva, Murehwa and Mutoko; • Disposal of liquid effluent, urban areas of Harare, Goromonzi, Mazowe, Bindura, Shamva, Murehwa and Mutoko; • Urban run off, urban areas of Harare, Goromonzi, Mazowe, Bindura, Shamva, Murehwa and Mutoko; • Non-point domestic effluent, rural areas; • Non-point impact of agriculture (pesticides, fertilizers, etc), especially where commercial agriculture is practiced; • Non-point impact of irrigation in redistribution of river waters; • Minor non-point impact from sparse, subsistence agriculture in the northeast; • Fuel loss and litter on the main roads and railways; and • Run off from Trojan Airport. 3.37.2 Mining and mineral processing operations cxcviii
The catchment falls under the Harare Mining District (ZGS, 1995). The main mining activities are gold production, nickel mining, dolerite quarrying and pegmatite mining: Table 3.36: Mining operations in the Mazowe sub-catchment. Name Commodity Status Total produced /t Murehwa "Black Granite" Dolerite Medium Ganyanhewe Amazonite Closed 1967 2503.0 Medium Kataha Amazonite Closed 1972 1145.0 Medium Dodge Barytes In operation 30524.0 Low Augustus Beryl Closed 1961 168.7 Low Eagle Beryl Closed 1970 155.4 Low Fungwe Beryl Closed 1970 140.3 Low God's Gift Group Beryl Closed 1983 330.7 Low Hotspur Beryl Closed 1970 157.1 Low Mabelle Beryl Closed 1970 102.2 Low Mistress Beryl Closed 1982 233.3 Low Rabbit Warren Beryl Closed 1969 115.5 Low Benson Caesium Closed 1965 22.7 Low New Barakaat Caesium Closed 1967 25.1 Low Ulva Citrine Closed 1983 21.5 Low cxcix Potential Impact Madziwa Cobalt In operation 146.2 High: AMD possible Trojan Cobalt In operation 252.7 High: AMD possible Ndiri Corundum Closed 1980 2511.9 Low O'Briens Corundum Closed 1983 162237.7 Low Weluzani Corundum Closed 1979 1421.8 Low Augustus Feldspar Closed 1974 6647.0 Low Mistress Feldspar Closed 1984 7730.0 Low Patronage Feldspar Closed 1981 1677.0 Low Lucky Fish Garnet Gem Closed 1969 4.1 Low Treasure Casket Garnet Gem Closed 1969 7.4 Low Lindemann Garnet industrial Closed 1977 112.0 Low Manyuchi Garnet industrial Closed 1983 245.1 Low Acturus/Planet Gold In operation 36.0 High: Arsenic possible Freda Rebecca Gold In operation 17.4 High: Arsenic possible Gladstone Gold In operation 5.7 High: Arsenic possible Jumbo Gold In operation 5.3 High: Size Kimberley Reefs Gold 8.0 High: Arsenic possible Mazowe Gold In operation 31.8 High: Size Prince of Wales Gold Closed 15.5 High: Arsenic possible
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AN OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF MINING
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AN OVERVIEW OF THE IMPACT OF MINING
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exploited, the size of the facility
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2.3.6 Stockpiling and transport of
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4.1.6 Mining and mineral processing
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LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1.1: Compari
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Table 1.6: Minimum annual productio
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Table 3.26: Mining operations in th
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Table 4.22: Mining operations in th
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Several enthusiast
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1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFO
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Box 1.2). Each research team is req
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The MRC cannot be held responsible
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of amenity or deterioration in wate
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Typically, river flows in the count
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In simple terms, all of the propone
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shared by more than one country, es
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most appropriate technical or inves
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CAMEROUN GABON CENTRAL AFRICAN REPU
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1.6.1 Data on the location, nature,
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1997). In future studies, more atte
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Section 5 briefly reviews the water
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Mining methods vary widely and depe
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Removal and storage of ores and was
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These effects are usually ameliorat
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Water quality changes are widely co
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these substances are often mobilize
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The acidification of the water has
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and kinetic stability of the comple
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This process is carefully balanced
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neutralize each other - this situat
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(Chenje, 2000). Despite the recent
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Swaziland Water Environment Tanzani
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Draft Environmental Management Bill
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siting of works plan for approval t
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The draft policy encourages develop
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provides a definition but one which
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2.9.3.9 Zimbabwe Environmental Impa
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Sector Activity Industry °Chemical
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Cyanides and related compounds (CN)
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of Natural Resources and the South
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3.1.1 Geology, topography and soils
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Air temperatures across the Zambezi
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or fuelwood production. Similar pat
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Zambia. Clearly, some water quality
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3.2.1.6 Human impacts on water reso
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The Botswana segment of this area f
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3.4.1.4 Surface water users The onl
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3.5.1.2 Geology The Upper Karoo Bat
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3.5.6 Implications for water qualit
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3.6.4 Monitoring systems None. 3.6.
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3.7.2 Mining and mineral processing
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3.8.1.5 Water management systems Th
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3.9.1.2 Geology This sub-catchment
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3.9.5 Water quality data None avail
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Z-87 Mulobezi Amethyst Operating Ve
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3.11.1.6 Human impacts on water res
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3.12.1.2 Geology This sub-catchment
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• Increased quantities of suspend
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Determinant Fischer’s Farm Raglan
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3.13.1.4 Surface water users There
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The Nampundwe pyrite mine poses a r
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Z-90 Chisuki Mica, Tin, Tantalite O
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along the major roads between Chiru
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3.16.1 General description 3.16.1.1
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Z-17 Jessie Gold Starting Very Smal
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Small intrusions of Greenstone form
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Several stretches of streams and ri
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3.18.1.5 Water management systems T
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3.18.6 Implications for water quali
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3.20 The Mazowe (Mozambique) sub-ca
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3.20.4 Monitoring systems This area
Page 147 and 148: Table 3.21: Mining operations in th
Page 149 and 150: The only settlements of any size ar
Page 151 and 152: 3.23.1 General description 3.23.1.1
Page 153 and 154: 3.23.4 Monitoring systems None. 3.2
Page 155 and 156: • Non-point impact from minefield
Page 157 and 158: This is Zones G1-G6, B1-B3, S1-S6,
Page 159 and 160: The catchment falls mainly under th
Page 161 and 162: The two lone water quality data poi
Page 163 and 164: • Non-point domestic effluent, ru
Page 165 and 166: Land use comprises the Siabuwa, Oma
Page 167 and 168: 3.28 The Ume sub-catchment 3.28.1 G
Page 169 and 170: 3.28.4 Monitoring systems None. 3.2
Page 171 and 172: 3.29.1.4 Surface water users The Ci
Page 173 and 174: Thristle Etna Gold 6.7 Medium Tiger
Page 175 and 176: Sanyati, all may well contribute or
Page 177 and 178: 3.30.1.5 Water management systems T
Page 179 and 180: This is Zone Z1 of Area C (ZSG, 198
Page 181 and 182: 3.31.5 Water quality data Only one
Page 183 and 184: 3.32.2 Mining and mineral processin
Page 185 and 186: Land use above the Zambezi Escarpme
Page 187 and 188: Extensive alluvial mining of gold t
Page 189 and 190: The major settlements are the metro
Page 191 and 192: 3.34.6 Implications for water quali
Page 193 and 194: • Urban run off, urban areas of C
Page 195 and 196: 3.36.1.4 Surface water users The to
Page 197: 3.37.1.1 Hydrology This is Zones M1
Page 201 and 202: 3.37.3 Alluvial mining Alluvial min
Page 203 and 204: widely intruded by Mashonaland Dole
Page 205 and 206: 3.38.4 Monitoring systems ZINWA is
Page 209 and 210: 4. THE LIMPOPO BASIN In order to pr
Page 211 and 212: Mountains. Most of the basin consis
Page 213 and 214: the City of Pretoria and the northe
Page 215 and 216: continues to flow in the deeper all
Page 217 and 218: Each basin state maintains its own
Page 219 and 220: Land use in the upper parts of the
Page 221 and 222: the Limpopo River some 100 kilometr
Page 223 and 224: None obtainable in time for this re
Page 225 and 226: 4.4.2 Mining and mineral processing
Page 227 and 228: In the Botswana sector of the sub-c
Page 229 and 230: 4.5.5 Water quality data None avail
Page 231 and 232: 4.6.5 Water quality data None avail
Page 233 and 234: Table 4.9: Mining operations in the
Page 235 and 236: 4.7.4 Monitoring systems ZINWA is c
Page 237 and 238: There is exploration for diamonds (
Page 239 and 240: There is exploration, mainly for di
Page 243 and 244: Hwange National Park (ZSG, 1998). A
Page 245 and 246: 4.12.1.3 Pedology, agriculture and
Page 247 and 248: 4.13 The Marico sub-catchment 4.13.
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• Major non-point impact of agric
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Several thermal springs are located
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• Disposal of large volumes of li
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D7-13 Premier Diamond - kimberlite
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4.15.1 General description 4.15.1.1
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4.15.2 Mining and mineral processin
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Most of the clayey loam soils in th
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4.17 The Theuniskloof sub-catchment
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4.17.4 Monitoring systems The Depar
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4.18.1.4 Surface water users All of
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Water quality data for three sites
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supplies in the sub-catchment, the
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4.20.1.2 Geology Like the Mogalakwe
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• Minor non-point impact from non
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4.21 The Nzhelele sub-catchment 4.2
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4.22.1.3 Pedology, agriculture and
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Code Number Name of Mine Commodity
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5. THE OLIFANTS CATCHMENT In order
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Soil formations across the Olifants
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indices of per capita agricultural
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professional capacity within the me
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• Dark grey to blackish, mottled
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5.2.5 Water quality data No specifi
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Several towns (e.g. Witbank and Mid
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The following mining operations are
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5.3.6 Implications for water qualit
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5.4.1.3 Pedology, agriculture and l
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K 5.5 5 4.5 Cl 380 350 200 F 1.0 1.
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local geological formations. High c
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The South African Department of Wat
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pH 8.5 8.3 8.8 8.7 8.8 8.9 TDS 439
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Soils in the sub-catchment can be d
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No information is available on the
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In its upper reaches, the sub-catch
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The Phalaborwa Water Board has been
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m 3 /day) water abstractions, and m
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In the south-west of the sub-catchm
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• Minor non-point impact of agric
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(Figure 4.2). The tributaries of th
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5.9.1.6 Human impacts on water reso
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y the upper Klaserie River. Recent
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5.10.6 Implications for water quali
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In Mozambique, the Mozambican Depar
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Acid mine drainage (AMD) represents
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• Antimony, cadmium and tin conta
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• Decreased light penetration to
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6.1.8 “Peripheral” or indirect
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Worldwide, the general public has e
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2. That copies of this report shoul
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Banks, D., P.L. Younger, R.T. Arnes
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CSIR (1993). An Environmental Impac
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Fuggle, R.F. & M.A. Rabie (1996). E
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Love, D. & D.K. Hallbauer (2000). M
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Pettersson, U.T. & J. Ingri (2000b)
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Turton, A.R. (1999b). Water scarcit
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World Bank (1998). World Developmen
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