Fisheries in the Southern Border Zone of Takamanda - Impact ...

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The editors of this publication extend their gratitude to the many people who assisted in the preparation of this book, particularly those who worked in the field and whose valuable contributions are reflected in the chapters contained within. Dan Slayback of NASA(formerly of the Peace Corps in Cameroon) was key to the production of maps, far beyond the call of duty. We thank the many technicians who worked on this project, especially "tree spotters" Anacletus Koufani of the National Herbarium and Bioresources Development Conservation Programme-Cameroon, Maurice Elad of Tropenbos, and Aron Bibout and Paul Owono Nguille of ONADEF. With their expertise, much of this work and that which preceded it was of great value. Marina Mdaihli and Julius Ayeni of the GTZ-funded project PROFA were instrumental in developing the multi-taxa approach employed throughout the study and were the source of much logistical, financial, and moral support. Thanks also to Raphael Ebot, former Division Chief of Forestry for Manyu Division, for his unstinting support of the study and to the MINEF staff in Mamfe. The Ministry of Scientific and Technical Research, most notably Mr. John Che, deserves our gratitude for facilitating the procurement of relevant research and export permits. We are most pleased to recognize Dr. Nouhou Ndam and the staff of Limbe Botanical and Zoological Gardens and its marvelous herbarium for giving us an institutional home. We hope that our work has succeeded in promoting the excellent research facilities of this center. Acknowledgments We appreciate the staff of the Smithsonian MAB Program, most assuredly Tatiana Pacheco for her administrative skills. Thanks also to Patricia Ojeda for her thorough work in verifying species taxonomic nomenclatures, Deanne Kloepfer for reviewing and editing the chapters, and Bryan Hayum for his assistance in formatting the final publication, while Patrick Campbell, Alfonso Alonso, Francisco Dallmeier, Roger Soles, Adam Wilcox, Sandra Rubini, and Geri Philpott provided additional reviews. Carlton Ward Jr. and authors of the chapters are responsible for photographs, while Velvette De Laney expertly executed the insert and cover designs. Funding for the vegetation assessments, training courses, and current publication was provided by the International Cooperative Biodiversity Group for West and Central Africa. We thank the Bioresources Development and Conservation Programme, and especially Professor Maurice Iwu, for continued support for the Smithsonian Institution's work in Cameroon and Nigeria. Additional funds for training were provided by USAID’s Central African Regional Program for the Environment. Last but not least, we extend our heartfelt appreciation to all Chiefs, Traditional Council Members, Youth Leaders, and community representatives of the Takamanda Forest Reserve and its environs for their help, hospitality, and significant contributions to this publication. Martin Ashu, Zach Abang, Martin Tiko, Yisa Emmanuel, Jasper Obi, Denis Agbor, Esalo Godwin, and Jackson Aveh deserve special mention, although many others showed dedication in making this publication possible. As the saying goes, "It takes two hands to tie a bundle!"
1 The region Takamanda Forest Reserve, Cameroon Jacqueline L. Sunderland-Groves, Terry C. H. Sunderland, James A. Comiskey, Julius S. O. Ayeni, and Marina Mdaihli The Republic of Cameroon extends from 2° N to 13° N latitude and between 8° 25' E and 16° 20' W longitude. The country has a total area of 475,440 km² and is bordered by Chad, Nigeria, Congo, Gabon, Equatorial Guinea and a 350-km stretch of the Atlantic Ocean coastline. Takamanda Forest Reserve (TFR) is located in the Southwest Province of Cameroon. The Reserve is part of the Guineo-Congolean forest, which encompasses approximately 2.8 million km 2 mostly below 600 m, except where Precambrian highlands such as the Jos Plateau of Nigeria and the Cameroon Highlands rise above 1000m (Lawson 1996). The highest point is Mount Cameroon at 4,079 m. Rainfall in this vast forest varies from 1500 to more than 10,000 mm per year, giving rise to a variety of vegetation floristic regions (White 1983). The region contains 84% of known African primates, 68% of known African passerine birds, and 66% of known African butterflies (Groombridge and Jenkins 2000). For this reason, the Guineo-Congolian rainforest is an important focal point for conservation efforts in Africa. The Southwest Province and adjacent portions of southeastern Nigeria are rich in biodiversity. Floristically, this area is part of the Hygrophylous Coastal Evergreen Rainforest, which occurs along the Gulf of Biafra. This vegetation sub-unit is associated with high rainfall levels (White 1983) and is part of the Cross- Sanaga-Bioko Coastal Forest ecoregion, an area of 52,000 km 2 (Olson et al. 2001, World Wildlife Fund 2001). The ecoregion is considered an important center of plant diversity because of its probable isolation during the Pleistocene (Davis et al. 1994). Chapter 1 Protected areas in the region include Cross River National Park in Nigeria and Korup National Park in Cameroon, as well as an extensive network of forest reserves such as Ejagham and Takamanda (Figure 1). 2 Takamanda Forest Reserve Takamanda Forest Reserve (05º59’-06º21’N: 09º11- 09º30’E), covering 67,599 ha, is situated in the northernmost corner of the Southwest Province, northeast of the extensive Cross River Valley. The Reserve stretches along the eastern border of Nigeria (Figure 2), which forms the north and northwest boundaries of TFR (Gartlan 1989). Created by decree in 1934, the area was first gazetted as part of a network of forest reserves (production forests) by the British colonial administration in what was then the British Cameroons. Akin with forest policy throughout the British Empire, TFR was initially established to protect watersheds and restrict the expansion of agricultural, but more importantly to conserve areas for future logging. As with all gazetted areas in Cameroon, the Reserve is managed on the national level by the Cameroon Government Forestry Department’s Ministry of Environment and Forests (MINEF) through the Ministry’s Manyu Division Office in Mamfe. The Manyu office is responsible to the Provincial Delegate in Buea. 3 Geomorphology and drainage Much of the lowland forest area in the southern and central part of the Reserve lies between 100 and 400 m. The terrain is rolling in the lowland areas, but rises sharply to an altitude of 1,500 m in the northern part of the Reserve, where slopes are extremely steep. Small SI/MAB Series #8, 2003, Pages 1 to 8
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Gnetum spp. Piper guineensis Site T
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