Fisheries in the Southern Border Zone of Takamanda - Impact ...

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178 Slayback Table 2: Areas of output classes (hectares) (*totals include areas of the water and shadow classes) Class Entire image from abandoned farms to return to the appearance of undisturbed lowland forest. Significantly, some of the areas of the most apparent farming expansion are those along the new Mamfe- Akwaya road, along the western side of the Mone Forest Reserve. Also, the villages on the southern side of the image (Kajifor and Bache) have only recently become accessible by road (due to recent logging operations) and show considerable farming expansion in their vicinity, perhaps as a direct result. The longer term impact of these roads on patterns of clearing in the region remains to be seen. 4 Conclusion The Takamanda Forest Reserve is currently undergoing relatively little forest clearing activity, except in the vicinity of enclaved villages and some villages located just outside the reserve boundary (for example, Takamanda village). However, rates of forest clearing appear to be increasing, as the expanding patterns of forest conversion indicate. Potentially half of all secondary forest within TFR has been cleared in the past 14 years; if “possible secondary forest” is not included as secondary forest, then 110 ha of secondary forest were preexisting in 1986, and since 1986 an additional 140 ha have been created from previously undisturbed forest. Within the TFR, the PSF class appears generally not to be secondary forest, except for the elephant bush areas to the Takamanda: the Biodiversity of an African Rainforest Takamanda Kekpane Obonyi 5-km buffer Lowland forest 144,425 40,750 1,540 2,550 42,240 Secondary forest 5,010 110 70 300 1,280 Possible sec. for. (PSF) 1,740 410 10 230 470 Forest conversion 4,120 140 40 110 1,430 Ridge forest 11,460 2,190 30 0 4,380 Mid-elevation forest 12,090 5,260 0 0 4,430 Montane forest 9,310 510 0 0 3,910 Grassland / bare 15,170 3,220 4 10 8,440 Total* 224,940 57,430 1,690 3,250 71,800 south of the Obonyi enclave. What is unclear is how much regrowth needs to occur before secondary forest in this region appears as primary forest in Landsat imagery. To some extent, such old secondary forest might be the source of some of the clearing near villages, rather than relatively undisturbed lowland forest. To fully understand whether these clearing activities are significantly encroaching upon the reserve would require a more detailed study. Although the historical satellite imagery archive is sparse, additional imagery of the area could be examined to determine more precisely when patches of forest were converted to farms. Also, any historical population data for the area would help shed light on how population pressure might be affecting clearing activities. Although rates of clearing may not be alarming at the present for the TFR itself, the current and likely future activities around the reserve are alarming. Presently, the reserve is ringed by villages on almost all sides, and these villages show active and expanding areas of farming activity. Furthermore, the expansion of roads into the areas to the south and east of the reserve may not bode well for the flora or fauna of the region; it is possible that the greatly improved access to markets and services provided by these roads may lead to a significant increase in clearing activity. This could be for both the planting of both cash crops (such as cocoa, coffee, and palm nuts), and for increased subsistence crop farming, if
Landcover change populations also increase; if improved access brings better schools and health services, out-migration from these villages may be somewhat discouraged, or even reversed. The roads also provide improved market access for bushmeat, leading to increased hunting pressures. Furthermore, all of the above pressures – increased clearing, farming, and hunting – will contribute to the increased fragmentation of the forest, with potentially negative impacts on wide-ranging species, such as the endangered Cross River gorilla or the forest elephant populations. Even now, the Cross River gorilla populations are thought to be largely cutoff from one another and critically endangered (Sunderland-Groves et al.this volume) References 179 Boyd, D. S. and W. J. Duane. 2001. Exploring spatial and temporal variation in middle infrared reflectance (at 3.75mm) measured from the tropical forests of west Africa. International Journal of Remote Sensing 22(10): 1861-1878. Song, C., C.E. Woodcock, K. Seto, M. Pax-Lenney, and S.A. Macomber. 2001. Classification and change detection using Landsat TM data: When and how to correct atmospheric effects? Remote Sensing of Environment 75(2): 230-244. SI/MAB Series #8, 2003
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Smithsonian Institution SI/MAB Biod
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ii 10. Fisheries in the Southern Bo
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Mercy Abwe Dione Dept. of Biology,
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The Smithsonian Institution has lon
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The editors of this publication ext
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2 Sunderland-Groves et al. Figure 1
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4 Sunderland-Groves et al. Rainfall
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6 Sunderland-Groves et al. 7 Conser
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8 Sunderland-Groves et al. Europe,
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10 Comiskey and Dallmeier 2 Challen
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12 Comiskey and Dallmeier 5 Adaptiv
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14 Comiskey and Dallmeier identifie
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16 Comiskey and Dallmeier 5.4 Evalu
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18 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of a
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20 Sunderland et al. preliminary la
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22 Sunderland et al. avoided protru
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24 Sunderland et al. Table 2. Summa
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26 Sunderland et al. lowland forest
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28 Sunderland et al. impressive cat
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30 Sunderland et al. Herbaceous flo
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32 Sunderland et al. Table 3. Compa
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34 Sunderland et al. 5.5 Economic P
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36 Sunderland et al. Table 5. Summa
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38 Sunderland et al. monitoring pro
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40 Sunderland et al. Letouzey, R. 1
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42 Sunderland et al. Appendix 1. Pl
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44 Sunderland et al. Agelaea pentag
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46 Sunderland et al. Afzelia pachyl
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48 Sunderland et al. Rhabdophyllum
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50 Sunderland et al. Aningeria robu
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52 Sunderland et al. Nervilia sp. P
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54 Sunderland et al. g—2˜— @y
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56 O’Kah f22 y2@w—˜A g—22@IE
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58 O’Kah Table 3. Species found i
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60 O’Kah Table 6. Indicators of s
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62 O’Kah Larsen, T. B. 1997. Butt
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64 O’Kah Appendix 1 (cont.). Chec
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66 O’Kah Appendix 1 (cont.). Chec
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68 O’Kah Species distribution Tak
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70 O’Kah Species distribution Tak
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72 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of a
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74 h—2@y——A 2 IE2— y2@w—
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76 The sites which have been survey
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78 species from a phylogenetic poin
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80 Appendix 1. Species list and sam
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82 Family / Species Notes Locations
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84 LeBreton et al. 3 Methods A team
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86 LeBreton et al. Bothrolycus ater
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88 LeBreton et al. an important par
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90 LeBreton et al. Perret, J.-L. 19
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92 LeBreton et al. Appendix 1 (cont
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94 LeBreton et al. Appendix 1 (cont
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96 Languy and Motombe f 5 q—2˜
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98 Languy and Motombe Table 3. Thre
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100 Languy and Motombe encroachment
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102 Languy and Motombe Appendix 1.
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104 Languy and Motombe Appendix 1 (
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Page 156 and 157: 146 Migrating Labeo spp. make up 10
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Page 160 and 161: 150 Monthly yield (t) 200 160 120 8
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