Fisheries in the Southern Border Zone of Takamanda - Impact ...

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Gnetum spp. Piper guineensis Site Total no. of individuals Mean no. of individuals/ha Total no. of individuals Mean no. of individuals/ha Takamanda 86 21.5 42 10.5 Obonyi 1 181 45.25 33 8.25 Matene 0 0 16 3 Mfakwe 220 55 25.75 4 Mean (all sites) 121.75 30.4 103 6.45 the removal of bark strips (for example, Annickia chlorantha) may pose a threat to the individual, but likely not to the population or species as a whole (Table 11). In general, many NTFPs such as bush mango, njansang, bush onion, and bush pepper, where the impacts of harvesting are minimal, are not at immediate risk of being over-exploited, and there are few reports of increasing scarcity of these products. Destructive harvesting such as felling and removal of the individual is wholly unsustainable. In terms of conservation, over-exploitation is exacerbated when a species occurs in low densities or has a restricted natural distribution (for example, Garcinia mannii). As important, the removal of all mature individuals from an area poses a threat to local populations (for example, Carpolobia, Garcinia, and Randia). In such cases, the removal of reproductively mature individuals significantly impacts the regenerative potential of the population, which has considerable long-term effects on the capacity of the species to replace itself. Recent increases in the harvest of many NTFPs at TFR for export to Nigeria is evidence of significant local
Resource Life form Part Impact of Level of Sustainability harvested harvesting Bush mango Canopy-emergent Fruits Low Relatively sustainable, good regeneration tree and community-level cultivation Eru Woody liana Leaves Low to medium Relatively sustainable if leaves are to high plucked and the stem is not cut, but (depending on destructive unsustainable harvesting is technique) often undertaken Njansang Canopy-emergent Fruits Low Relatively sustainable, good regeneration tree and community-level “encouragement” Carpolobia cattle Small to medium Stems High Highly unsustainable because of removal sticks tree of whole stem, including root collar Garcinia chewing Medium to large Bole High Highly unsustainable; species has limited stick tree geographical range and is in danger of extinction over the long term Randia chewing Small to medium Stems High Highly unsustainable; population stick tree beginning a significant decline Njabe Canopy-emergent Fruits (more Low to high Relatively sustainable if harvested for tree commonly fruits, but unsustainable is harvested for timber) timber Bush pepper Climbing Leaves and Moderate Relatively sustainable if leaves and fruits fruits are plucked and the stem is not cut Rattan canes Climbing palms Mature stems Low to medium Relatively sustainable at current levels of harvest scarcity of these resources in that country (Sunderland 2001), a situation that is largely determining, and exacerbating, the current unsustainable harvest of many NTFPs discussed in this paper. For example, harvest of Carpolobia stems is wholly unsustainable. These stems are cut below the swollen root collar to capture natural “handles” for the cattle sticks. The damage is so great that there is little or no prospect of regeneration through re-shooting, or coppicing. Coupled with this, the individuals preferred for harvest are adolescents (dbh of 4-6cm); hence, many Carpolobia stems are removed before reaching reproductive maturity. The loss of these immature individuals seriously affects the population’s long-term potential for recruitment through seed production. In the Kajifu area, Carpolobia no longer exists because of this practice. In addition, both harvesters and traders report that Randia is becoming increasingly scarce in the Reserve. Harvesters must travel farther and farther into the bush to find mature stems. While the species is still relatively common, destructive harvesting is leading to a serious population decline. 4.9.2 The effects of seasonality on NTFP activities While many non-timber forest products are available for harvest and sale all year, some are somewhat seasonal, and the economic cycle for many communities relies heavily on the timing of these resources (Table 12). The effects of seasonality are particularly pronounced for bush mango and other fruit-producing species and have significant implications for household budgets.
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Smithsonian Institution SI/MAB Biod
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ii 10. Fisheries in the Southern Bo
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Mercy Abwe Dione Dept. of Biology,
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The Smithsonian Institution has lon
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The editors of this publication ext
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2 Sunderland-Groves et al. Figure 1
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4 Sunderland-Groves et al. Rainfall
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6 Sunderland-Groves et al. 7 Conser
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8 Sunderland-Groves et al. Europe,
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10 Comiskey and Dallmeier 2 Challen
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12 Comiskey and Dallmeier 5 Adaptiv
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14 Comiskey and Dallmeier identifie
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16 Comiskey and Dallmeier 5.4 Evalu
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18 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of a
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20 Sunderland et al. preliminary la
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22 Sunderland et al. avoided protru
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24 Sunderland et al. Table 2. Summa
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26 Sunderland et al. lowland forest
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28 Sunderland et al. impressive cat
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30 Sunderland et al. Herbaceous flo
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32 Sunderland et al. Table 3. Compa
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34 Sunderland et al. 5.5 Economic P
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36 Sunderland et al. Table 5. Summa
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38 Sunderland et al. monitoring pro
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40 Sunderland et al. Letouzey, R. 1
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42 Sunderland et al. Appendix 1. Pl
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44 Sunderland et al. Agelaea pentag
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46 Sunderland et al. Afzelia pachyl
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48 Sunderland et al. Rhabdophyllum
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50 Sunderland et al. Aningeria robu
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52 Sunderland et al. Nervilia sp. P
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54 Sunderland et al. g—2˜— @y
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56 O’Kah f22 y2@w—˜A g—22@IE
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58 O’Kah Table 3. Species found i
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60 O’Kah Table 6. Indicators of s
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62 O’Kah Larsen, T. B. 1997. Butt
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64 O’Kah Appendix 1 (cont.). Chec
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66 O’Kah Appendix 1 (cont.). Chec
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68 O’Kah Species distribution Tak
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70 O’Kah Species distribution Tak
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72 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of a
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74 h—2@y——A 2 IE2— y2@w—
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76 The sites which have been survey
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78 species from a phylogenetic poin
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80 Appendix 1. Species list and sam
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82 Family / Species Notes Locations
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84 LeBreton et al. 3 Methods A team
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86 LeBreton et al. Bothrolycus ater
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88 LeBreton et al. an important par
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90 LeBreton et al. Perret, J.-L. 19
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92 LeBreton et al. Appendix 1 (cont
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94 LeBreton et al. Appendix 1 (cont
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96 Languy and Motombe f 5 q—2˜
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98 Languy and Motombe Table 3. Thre
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100 Languy and Motombe encroachment
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102 Languy and Motombe Appendix 1.
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104 Languy and Motombe Appendix 1 (
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112 Sunderland-Groves and Maisels h
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114 Sunderland-Groves and Maisels T
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