Fisheries in the Southern Border Zone of Takamanda - Impact ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

178 Slayback Table 2: Areas of output classes (hectares) (*totals include areas of the water and shadow classes) Class Entire image from abandoned farms to return to the appearance of undisturbed lowland forest. Significantly, some of the areas of the most apparent farming expansion are those along the new Mamfe- Akwaya road, along the western side of the Mone Forest Reserve. Also, the villages on the southern side of the image (Kajifor and Bache) have only recently become accessible by road (due to recent logging operations) and show considerable farming expansion in their vicinity, perhaps as a direct result. The longer term impact of these roads on patterns of clearing in the region remains to be seen. 4 Conclusion The Takamanda Forest Reserve is currently undergoing relatively little forest clearing activity, except in the vicinity of enclaved villages and some villages located just outside the reserve boundary (for example, Takamanda village). However, rates of forest clearing appear to be increasing, as the expanding patterns of forest conversion indicate. Potentially half of all secondary forest within TFR has been cleared in the past 14 years; if “possible secondary forest” is not included as secondary forest, then 110 ha of secondary forest were preexisting in 1986, and since 1986 an additional 140 ha have been created from previously undisturbed forest. Within the TFR, the PSF class appears generally not to be secondary forest, except for the elephant bush areas to the Takamanda: the Biodiversity of an African Rainforest Takamanda Kekpane Obonyi 5-km buffer Lowland forest 144,425 40,750 1,540 2,550 42,240 Secondary forest 5,010 110 70 300 1,280 Possible sec. for. (PSF) 1,740 410 10 230 470 Forest conversion 4,120 140 40 110 1,430 Ridge forest 11,460 2,190 30 0 4,380 Mid-elevation forest 12,090 5,260 0 0 4,430 Montane forest 9,310 510 0 0 3,910 Grassland / bare 15,170 3,220 4 10 8,440 Total* 224,940 57,430 1,690 3,250 71,800 south of the Obonyi enclave. What is unclear is how much regrowth needs to occur before secondary forest in this region appears as primary forest in Landsat imagery. To some extent, such old secondary forest might be the source of some of the clearing near villages, rather than relatively undisturbed lowland forest. To fully understand whether these clearing activities are significantly encroaching upon the reserve would require a more detailed study. Although the historical satellite imagery archive is sparse, additional imagery of the area could be examined to determine more precisely when patches of forest were converted to farms. Also, any historical population data for the area would help shed light on how population pressure might be affecting clearing activities. Although rates of clearing may not be alarming at the present for the TFR itself, the current and likely future activities around the reserve are alarming. Presently, the reserve is ringed by villages on almost all sides, and these villages show active and expanding areas of farming activity. Furthermore, the expansion of roads into the areas to the south and east of the reserve may not bode well for the flora or fauna of the region; it is possible that the greatly improved access to markets and services provided by these roads may lead to a significant increase in clearing activity. This could be for both the planting of both cash crops (such as cocoa, coffee, and palm nuts), and for increased subsistence crop farming, if
Landcover change populations also increase; if improved access brings better schools and health services, out-migration from these villages may be somewhat discouraged, or even reversed. The roads also provide improved market access for bushmeat, leading to increased hunting pressures. Furthermore, all of the above pressures – increased clearing, farming, and hunting – will contribute to the increased fragmentation of the forest, with potentially negative impacts on wide-ranging species, such as the endangered Cross River gorilla or the forest elephant populations. Even now, the Cross River gorilla populations are thought to be largely cutoff from one another and critically endangered (Sunderland-Groves et al.this volume) References 179 Boyd, D. S. and W. J. Duane. 2001. Exploring spatial and temporal variation in middle infrared reflectance (at 3.75mm) measured from the tropical forests of west Africa. International Journal of Remote Sensing 22(10): 1861-1878. Song, C., C.E. Woodcock, K. Seto, M. Pax-Lenney, and S.A. Macomber. 2001. Classification and change detection using Landsat TM data: When and how to correct atmospheric effects? Remote Sensing of Environment 75(2): 230-244. SI/MAB Series #8, 2003
Page 2 and 3:
Smithsonian Institution SI/MAB Biod
Page 4 and 5:
ii 10. Fisheries in the Southern Bo
Page 6 and 7:
Mercy Abwe Dione Dept. of Biology,
Page 8 and 9:
The Smithsonian Institution has lon
Page 10 and 11:
The editors of this publication ext
Page 12 and 13:
2 Sunderland-Groves et al. Figure 1
Page 14 and 15:
4 Sunderland-Groves et al. Rainfall
Page 16 and 17:
6 Sunderland-Groves et al. 7 Conser
Page 18 and 19:
8 Sunderland-Groves et al. Europe,
Page 20 and 21:
10 Comiskey and Dallmeier 2 Challen
Page 22 and 23:
12 Comiskey and Dallmeier 5 Adaptiv
Page 24 and 25:
14 Comiskey and Dallmeier identifie
Page 26 and 27:
16 Comiskey and Dallmeier 5.4 Evalu
Page 28 and 29:
18 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of a
Page 30 and 31:
20 Sunderland et al. preliminary la
Page 32 and 33:
22 Sunderland et al. avoided protru
Page 34 and 35:
24 Sunderland et al. Table 2. Summa
Page 36 and 37:
26 Sunderland et al. lowland forest
Page 38 and 39:
28 Sunderland et al. impressive cat
Page 40 and 41:
30 Sunderland et al. Herbaceous flo
Page 42 and 43:
32 Sunderland et al. Table 3. Compa
Page 44 and 45:
34 Sunderland et al. 5.5 Economic P
Page 46 and 47:
36 Sunderland et al. Table 5. Summa
Page 48 and 49:
38 Sunderland et al. monitoring pro
Page 50 and 51:
40 Sunderland et al. Letouzey, R. 1
Page 52 and 53:
42 Sunderland et al. Appendix 1. Pl
Page 54 and 55:
44 Sunderland et al. Agelaea pentag
Page 56 and 57:
46 Sunderland et al. Afzelia pachyl
Page 58 and 59:
48 Sunderland et al. Rhabdophyllum
Page 60 and 61:
50 Sunderland et al. Aningeria robu
Page 62 and 63:
52 Sunderland et al. Nervilia sp. P
Page 64 and 65:
54 Sunderland et al. g—2˜— @y
Page 66 and 67:
56 O’Kah f22 y2@w—˜A g—22@IE
Page 68 and 69:
58 O’Kah Table 3. Species found i
Page 70 and 71:
60 O’Kah Table 6. Indicators of s
Page 72 and 73:
62 O’Kah Larsen, T. B. 1997. Butt
Page 74 and 75:
64 O’Kah Appendix 1 (cont.). Chec
Page 76 and 77:
66 O’Kah Appendix 1 (cont.). Chec
Page 78 and 79:
68 O’Kah Species distribution Tak
Page 80 and 81:
70 O’Kah Species distribution Tak
Page 82 and 83:
72 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of a
Page 84 and 85:
74 h—2@y——A 2 IE2— y2@w—
Page 86 and 87:
76 The sites which have been survey
Page 88 and 89:
78 species from a phylogenetic poin
Page 90 and 91:
80 Appendix 1. Species list and sam
Page 92 and 93:
82 Family / Species Notes Locations
Page 94 and 95:
84 LeBreton et al. 3 Methods A team
Page 96 and 97:
86 LeBreton et al. Bothrolycus ater
Page 98 and 99:
88 LeBreton et al. an important par
Page 100 and 101:
90 LeBreton et al. Perret, J.-L. 19
Page 102 and 103:
92 LeBreton et al. Appendix 1 (cont
Page 104 and 105:
94 LeBreton et al. Appendix 1 (cont
Page 106 and 107:
96 Languy and Motombe f 5 q—2˜
Page 108 and 109:
98 Languy and Motombe Table 3. Thre
Page 110 and 111:
100 Languy and Motombe encroachment
Page 112 and 113:
102 Languy and Motombe Appendix 1.
Page 114 and 115:
104 Languy and Motombe Appendix 1 (
Page 116 and 117:
Page 118 and 119:
Page 120 and 121:
Page 122 and 123:
112 Sunderland-Groves and Maisels h
Page 124 and 125:
114 Sunderland-Groves and Maisels T
Page 126 and 127:
116 Sunderland-Groves and Maisels T
Page 128 and 129:
118 Sunderland-Groves and Maisels B
Page 130 and 131:
120 Sunderland-Groves and Maisels S
Page 132 and 133:
122 Sunderland-Groves and Maisels A
Page 134 and 135:
Page 136 and 137:
Page 138 and 139: 128 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of
Page 140 and 141: 130 Sunderland-Groves et al. In mor
Page 142 and 143: 132 Sunderland-Groves et al. proved
Page 144 and 145: 134 Sunderland-Groves et al. q—2
Page 146 and 147: 136 Sunderland-Groves et al. Table
Page 148 and 149: 138 Sunderland-Groves et al. from m
Page 150 and 151: 140 Sunderland-Groves et al. Sander
Page 152 and 153: 142 Mdaihli et al. Basin and is sep
Page 154 and 155: 144 Table 1. Type and number of fis
Page 156 and 157: 146 Migrating Labeo spp. make up 10
Page 158 and 159: 148 Mdaihli et al. Mochokidae Barbu
Page 160 and 161: 150 Monthly yield (t) 200 160 120 8
Page 162 and 163: 152 Mdaihli et al. of Forests Aroun
Page 164 and 165: 154 Mdaihli et al. Appendix 1 (cont
Page 166 and 167: 156 Sunderland et al. Table 1. Majo
Page 168 and 169: 158 Sunderland et al. resources and
Page 170 and 171: 160 Sunderland et al. No. of indivi
Page 172 and 173: No. of individuals (n = 315) 200 15
Page 174 and 175: No. of individuals (n = 1065) 1000
Page 176 and 177: Gnetum spp. Piper guineensis Site T
Page 178 and 179: Resource Impacts of seasonality Ava
Page 180 and 181: Box. Large-scale exploitation of no
Page 182 and 183: Sunderland, T. C. H. 2001. Cross Ri
Page 184 and 185: 174 Slayback 7 H S IH type of autom
Page 186 and 187: 176 Slayback (ridge or lowland). On
Page 190 and 191: 180 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of
Page 192: 182 Sunderland-Groves et al. Mone F
show all

Fisheries in the Southern Border Zone of Takamanda - Impact ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?