Fisheries in the Southern Border Zone of Takamanda - Impact ...

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54 Sunderland et al. g—2˜— @y——A 5 5 €2— @‚˜——A €—2—— @ƒ———A †2— @†˜——A 5 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of an African Rainforest 5 5 5 €——2˜——— @‚˜——A €—2˜—2—F2˜— @‚˜——A €—2——— @ƒ——A 5 €——2— @‚˜——A 5 y—2—— @‚——A 5 h—2—— @„——A 5
1 Introduction Butterfly Fauna of Takamanda Forest Reserve, Cameroon Butterflies (order Lepidoptera) constitute about 1% of all named insects (Larsen 1996) and are one of the most intensively studied groups (Borror et al. 1989). Their comparatively large size and bright colors, species distributions and abundances, and the relative ease in rearing some species in captivity has led to a considerable amount of research—and some very interesting findings. As example, it was genetic information from research on the polymorphic Swallow Tail (Larsen 1996), which in Cameroon is represented by Papilio dardanus, that uncovered the Rhesus factor in human blood. Other important advances made possible in part by research on butterflies include studies on the evolution of plantherbivore interactions (Ehrlich and Raven 1964, Johnson 1994). From the human perspective, butterflies are both beneficial and harmful. In the beneficial category, some species of butterflies are prolific plant pollinators, and many of these creatures have relatively high economic value as they are used for entertainment, decorative art, and collections (Johnson 1994, Spiers 1990). The fact that some butterflies exhibit a high host specificity makes them a potential biological control agent. On the other hand, Lepidoptera such as the gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) can defoliate trees across large tracts of forest (Work and McCullough 2000), while others are crop pests (Haile and Hofsvang 2001). Of the 17,280 species of butterflies already described worldwide (Shields 1989), about 3,600 occur in Africa (Carcasson et al. 1995)—many in the Guineo-Congolian tropical rainforest, part of a larger region that contains the “greatest density of butterfly Ebwekoh Monya O’ Kah Chapter 4 species” and is one of the richest units of butterfly diversity, mainly because of humid and warm climatic conditions that allow several broods and a “consequent rapid evolution” (Carcasson et al. 1995). Takamanda Forest Reserve (TFR) in Southwest Province of Cameroon is included in this diverse rainforest. While the Reserve is expected to harbor a highly diverse butterfly fauna, no systematic study had been undertaken for this group (Fomete Nembot and Tchanou 1998) until the research that forms the basis for this paper. An assessment of Lepidoptera at the Reserve took place during 21 days between April and June 2001. The objective was to obtain initial data on the composition of the butterfly fauna and elaborate the first-ever checklist for TFR. 2 Methods Specimens were collected using 20 locally constructed aerial bait traps (Davies, 1994) placed at 16 survey sites that ranged between 200 and 800m above sea level, many of which were also used for vegetation, mammal, and bird surveys at Takamanda. All sites were georeferenced, using a Garmin 12XL GPS (Figure 1, Table 1). The traps were set at different heights in the canopy to capture and record species that typically feed at progressively higher levels. Bait (rotten fruit and dog faeces) was changed daily, and the traps were checked twice daily. Trapped butterflies were collected and identified. Sweep-netting was also carried out along forest paths at the sites where the aerial traps were placed and while traveling among the sampling locations. SI/MAB Series #8, 2003, Pages 55 to 71
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Smithsonian Institution SI/MAB Biod
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ii 10. Fisheries in the Southern Bo
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Mercy Abwe Dione Dept. of Biology,
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The Smithsonian Institution has lon
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The editors of this publication ext
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2 Sunderland-Groves et al. Figure 1
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Page 66 and 67: 56 O’Kah f22 y2@w—˜A g—22@IE
Page 68 and 69: 58 O’Kah Table 3. Species found i
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Page 72 and 73: 62 O’Kah Larsen, T. B. 1997. Butt
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Page 78 and 79: 68 O’Kah Species distribution Tak
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142 Mdaihli et al. Basin and is sep
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144 Table 1. Type and number of fis
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146 Migrating Labeo spp. make up 10
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148 Mdaihli et al. Mochokidae Barbu
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150 Monthly yield (t) 200 160 120 8
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156 Sunderland et al. Table 1. Majo
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160 Sunderland et al. No. of indivi
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No. of individuals (n = 315) 200 15
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No. of individuals (n = 1065) 1000
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Gnetum spp. Piper guineensis Site T
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Resource Impacts of seasonality Ava
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Box. Large-scale exploitation of no
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Sunderland, T. C. H. 2001. Cross Ri
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174 Slayback 7 H S IH type of autom
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176 Slayback (ridge or lowland). On
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178 Slayback Table 2: Areas of outp
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180 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of
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182 Sunderland-Groves et al. Mone F
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