Fisheries in the Southern Border Zone of Takamanda - Impact ...

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38 Sunderland et al. monitoring program in close collaboration with MINEF. • To provide a macro-level assessment of vegetation changes over time, monitoring should incorporate the periodic examination of satellite images (every three to five years). This monitoring effort, additional to that undertaken at the field level, will help determine changes in land cover (both natural and anthropomorphic) over time and will enable the evaluation over the long term of the effectiveness of future management interventions. • Existing agricultural encroachment into TFR should be controlled through enforced respect of the demarcated Reserve boundaries. Agricultural encroachment is a particular problem around the communities of Takamanda, Obonyi, Mfakwe, and Matene. Residents of these communities should be made fully aware of the location of the boundaries and encouraged to respect them. • Current uncontrolled exploitation of species used for non-timber forest products must be addressed immediately. Recommendations in the recent GTZcommissioned study conducted by Sunderland et al. (this volume) provide relevant guidelines. • There is an urgent need to assess stocking of the timber resource in and around TFR and provide institutional, technical, and logistical support to ensure that exploitation is undertaken in as sustainable a manner as possible. Immediate management interventions should include: (a) a community-based inventory of the existing and potential (through regeneration studies) timber resources of the lowland forest areas; (b) a review of the institutional issues surrounding timber exploitation, particularly aimed at encouraging local communities to control exploitation of timber by outsiders; and (c) the provision of guidelines (and perhaps technical support) to allow small-scale exploitation of timber—based on sound ecological and social considerations—by villagers in and around TFR for direct marketing and sale. Takamanda: the Biodiversity of an African Rainforest • Burning of high-altitude grassland needs to be assessed and reviewed. A pilot study on the Obudu Plateau by the non-governmental organization Development in Nigeria (DIN) has shown that grassland protected from burning exhibits greater species diversity through maintenance of the forestto-savannah transition zone. Reductions in burning also enable the fragile montane forest to regenerate and maintain itself. • When compared to other highly diverse areas in Cameroon, TFR vegetation is considerably underrepresented in “indicator groups;” that is, specialist taxa such as orchids, ferns, and fern allies and some key families of higher plants (for example, Violaceae and Lauraceae). Additional field-based research is urgently needed to further evaluating vegetation diversity and species richness. The focus of future activities should be on the continued collection of fertile voucher specimens. Hiring local parataxonomists proved extremely useful in garnering specimens, while also providing gainful employment for villagers. Identification of herbarium specimens and additional floristic analysis could be undertaken in collaboration with either the National Herbarium in Yaounde or the herbarium at Limbe Botanic Garden. Acknowledgments Special thanks are extended to Nkeng Philip, Anacletus Koufani, and Maurice Elad for their technical expertise in the field and to all the community-based parataxonomists, whose work was particularly valuable in preparation of this chapter. Much gratitude is expressed to the Chiefs, Council Members, and villagers who provided considerable logistical support during the field surveys. The authors also appreciate Marina Mdaihli, Julius Ayeni, Jacqui Groves, and Dan Slayback for their comments on an earlier draft of the manuscript. Additional financial and logistical resources were provided by GTZ/MINEF Project for the Protection of forests around Akwaya (PROFA). This support enabled an increased sampling intensity than would otherwise have been possible. Thanks to Dan Slayback for the
Vegetation Assessment preparation of the maps including the vegetation classification and land use change maps in the photo gallery. References Cable, S., and M. Cheek. 1998. The Plants of Mount Cameroon: A Conservation Checklist. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens, UK. Chapman, J.D., and H.M. Chapman. 2001. The Forest Flora of Taraba and Adamawa States, Nigeria. Canterbury: WWF/DFID/University of Canterbury. Dallmeier, F. 1992. Long-Term Monitoring of Biological Diversity of Tropical Forest Areas: Methods for the Establishment and Inventory of Permanent Plots. MAB Digest # 11. Paris: UNESCO. 48pp. Dallmeier, F., and J.A. Comiskey. 1996. From the forest to the user: a methodology update. Pages 41-56 in: Wilson, D., and A. Sandoval (eds.) Manu: The Biodiversity of Southeastern Peru; la biodiversidad del sureste del Peru. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press. Dallmeier, F., and J. A. Comiskey, eds. 1998a. Forest Biodiversity Research, Monitoring and Modeling: Conceptual Background and Old World Case Studies. Man and the Biosphere Series, Vol 20. Carnforth, Lancashire, UK: UNESCO and The Parthenon Publishing Group. Dallmeier, F., and J. A. Comiskey, eds. 1998b. Forest Biodiversity in North, Central and South America and the Caribbean: Research and Monitoring. Man and the Biosphere Series, Vol 21. Carnforth, Lancashire, UK: UNESCO and The Parthenon Publishing Group. Davis, S. D., V.H. Heywood, and A.C. Hamilton. 1994. Centres of Plant Diversity: A Guide and Strategy for their Conservation. Volume 1: Europe, Africa, South West Asia and the Middle East. Cambridge, UK: IUCN Publications Unit. pp. Etuge, M. 1998. Preliminary Vegetation Report from the Takamanda Forest Reserve. Unpublished report for Takamanda Forest Surveys Project. Gartlan, J.S., D.M. Newbery, D.W. Thomas, and P.G. Waterman. 1986. The influence of topography and soil phosphorus on the vegetation of Korup Forest Reserve Cameroon. Vegetatio 65: (3): 131-148. Hall, J.B. 1973. Vegetational zones on the southern slopes of Mount Cameroon. Vegetatio 27: 49-69. Hall, J.B. 1981. Ecological islands in south-eastern Nigeria. African Journal of Ecology 19: 55-72. Hall, J.B., and J.A. Medler. 1975a. The botanical exploration of the Obudu Plateau area. Nigerian Field 40(3): 101-117. Hall, J.B., and J.A. Medler. 1975b. Highland vegetation in south-eastern Nigeria and its affinities. Vegetatio 29(3): 191-198. Hedberg, O. 1964. Features of Afroalpine plant ecology. Acta Phtyogeographica Sueca 49:1- 144. IUCN (International Union for the Conservation of Nature). 1986. Plants in Danger: What Do We Know? Gland: IUCN. Keay, R.W.J. 1979. A botanical study of the Obudu Plateau and Sonkwala Mountains. Nigerian Field 44(3-4): 106-199. Lawson, G.W. 1996. The Guinea-Congo lowland rain forest: An overview. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section B Biological Sciences 104: 5-13. 39 SI/MAB Series #8, 2003
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No. of individuals (n = 315) 200 15
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No. of individuals (n = 1065) 1000
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Gnetum spp. Piper guineensis Site T
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