Fisheries in the Southern Border Zone of Takamanda - Impact ...

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26 Sunderland et al. lowland forest, somewhat distinct in composition from the terra firma forest described above, and particularly characteristic of the forests along the Magbe and Oyi rivers. The vegetation is dominated by Protomegabaria stapfiana and Uapaca staudtii with Oubangia alata, Aningeria sp. Aubrevillea kerstingii, Cynomentra sanagaensis, Diogoa zenkeri, and Belonophora talbotii less abundant. Large populations of Pandanus and the utilitarian palm Raphia hookeri are common where there is seasonal flooding, creating swamp forest. Other monocotyledons such as rattan palms as well as members of the Marantaceae (especially Aetnidia conferta and Sarcophrynium priogonium var. priogonium) and Zingiberaceae (Aframomum spp.) are also a common component of this formation. At the edges of wider rivers such as the Makone, Kanahia laniflora (Asclepiadaceae) is commonly seen growing in gravel. Along smaller rocky streams, the forest is often characterized by a rich herbaceous flora, in particular a number of species of Impatiens (I. irvingii, and I. namniamensis) and Begonia (B. ciliobracteata and B. quadrialata subsp. quadrialata). The highly seasonal nature of the Takamanda area also means that variations in water levels in many rivers and streams expose extensive rocky areas. Common and persistent colonizers of these oft-flooded rocks in open areas are Biophytum umbraculum and in forest streams Anubias barteri. Both are found throughout the lowland forest areas of the TFR. 4.2.1.2 Secondary forest Because agriculture is an important component of survival throughout the TFR area, cultivated areas of annual crops surround villages in and outside the Reserve boundary. Trees are generally removed from cultivated land, although the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) and characteristic Ceiba pentandra are regularly found on intensively cropped farmland. Further from villages, other cultivated areas are more commonly cleared on a rotational basis in extensive formations of farm fallow and later secondary forest. Farm fallow contains extensive groves of oil palm, many of which are planted as annual crops along with early colonizers such as Alchornea floribunda, Musanga cecropioides, and Takamanda: the Biodiversity of an African Rainforest Anthocleista vogellii and dense thickets of Marantaceae (particularly Marantochloa spp. and Thaumatococcus danielii) and Zingiberaceae (Aframomum sp.). Climbers and scandent shrubs such as Adenia cissampeloides, Clerodendrum splendens, C. umbellatum, Heinsia crinita, Gloriosa superba, Jateorhiza macrantha, Momordica cissoides, Mussaenda tenuifolia, Paullinia pinnata, and Smilax anceps are also common in secondary forest. Land in the area that is not cultivated for up to 20 years regenerates well and forms dense secondary forest formations that grade easily into closed-canopy forest. This late-secondary forest is characterized by large trees such as Piptadeniastrum africanum, Ricinodendron heudelotii subsp. africanum, Vitex grandifolia, Pycnanthus angolensis and smaller trees: Leea guineensis, Milletia barteri, Myrianthus arboreus, Harungana madagascariensis, Barteria fistulosa,Rauvolfia vomitoria, Tabernaemontana crassa,and Voacanga bracteata. 4.2.2 Lowland ridge forest (300-500 m) As the altitude increases sharply in the north of TFR, long finger-like ridges protrude into the lowland forest. Although they contain many elements of lowland forest flora, these ridges provide gradation from true lowland forest to mid-elevation and montane forest and in some areas are quite distinct in their vegetative composition. The ridge forest formation is particularly prevalent in the Kekpani/Basho hills and to a lesser extent in the higher areas to the north of Obonyi I and to the south of Matene as the lowland expanse gives way to higher land. These long ridges are often characterized by stands of even-aged canopy trees (Figure 3), usually Lophira alata, Canarium schweinfurthii, Terminalia superba, Nauclea diderichii, and Poga oleosa. The Caesalpiniaceae is better represented in the ridge forest through Berlinia bracteosa, Afzelia bipindensis, Microberlinia bisulcata, and Erythrophloem ivorense. All of these species are valued as timber, and these ridges probably contain the greatest abundance of merchantable timber in TFR. The abundance of such large individuals, with a correspondingly clear understory, often creates an
Vegetation Assessment Figure 3. Structure and composition of lowland ridge forest habitat in Takamanda Forest Reserve, Cameroon, from biodiversity plots, showing relative density and relative basal area by (a) species, and (b) family. (a) Treculia obovoidea Desbordesia glaucescens Lophira alata Carapa procera Calpocalyx dinklagei Protomegabaria stapfiana Berlinia bracteosa Tabernaemontana crassa Plagiostyles africana (b) Tapura africana Euphorbiaceae Leg-Mimosoideae Leg-Caesalpinioideae Moraceae Irvingiaceae Ochnaceae Meliaceae Olacaceae Leg-Papilionoideae Guttiferae Relative Density Relative BA 0 2 4 6 8 10 Relative Density Relative BA 0 5 10 15 20 27 SI/MAB Series #8, 2003
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76 The sites which have been survey
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78 species from a phylogenetic poin
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80 Appendix 1. Species list and sam
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82 Family / Species Notes Locations
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84 LeBreton et al. 3 Methods A team
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86 LeBreton et al. Bothrolycus ater
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88 LeBreton et al. an important par
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90 LeBreton et al. Perret, J.-L. 19
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92 LeBreton et al. Appendix 1 (cont
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94 LeBreton et al. Appendix 1 (cont
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96 Languy and Motombe f 5 q—2˜
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98 Languy and Motombe Table 3. Thre
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100 Languy and Motombe encroachment
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102 Languy and Motombe Appendix 1.
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104 Languy and Motombe Appendix 1 (
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128 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of
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140 Sunderland-Groves et al. Sander
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142 Mdaihli et al. Basin and is sep
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144 Table 1. Type and number of fis
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146 Migrating Labeo spp. make up 10
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148 Mdaihli et al. Mochokidae Barbu
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150 Monthly yield (t) 200 160 120 8
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152 Mdaihli et al. of Forests Aroun
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154 Mdaihli et al. Appendix 1 (cont
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156 Sunderland et al. Table 1. Majo
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158 Sunderland et al. resources and
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160 Sunderland et al. No. of indivi
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No. of individuals (n = 315) 200 15
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No. of individuals (n = 1065) 1000
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Gnetum spp. Piper guineensis Site T
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Resource Impacts of seasonality Ava
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Box. Large-scale exploitation of no
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174 Slayback 7 H S IH type of autom
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176 Slayback (ridge or lowland). On
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178 Slayback Table 2: Areas of outp
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180 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of
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182 Sunderland-Groves et al. Mone F
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