Fisheries in the Southern Border Zone of Takamanda - Impact ...

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128 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of an African Rainforest
Surveys of the Cross River Gorilla and Chimpanzee Populations in Takamanda Forest Reserve, Cameroon Jacqueline L. Sunderland-Groves, Fiona Maisels and Albert Ekinde 1 Introduction Takamanda and Mone rorest reserves and the Mbulu forest are located on the Cameroon side of the Nigerian- Cameroon border. Together with the adjoining area in Nigeria—the Okwangwo division of the Cross River National Park—they form part of the last stronghold of the Cross River gorillas Gorilla gorilla diehli. These gorillas are classified as Critically Endangered (IUCN 2000) and now occur only in four isolated subpopulations (Afi, Mbe, Obudu, and Okwangwo/ Takamanda/Mone/Mbulu) within an area of about 5,000 km 2 . Cross River gorillas were originally described as a new species (Gorilla diehli) by the German taxonomist Paul Matschie in 1904. Later taxonomic research reduced this species rank to that of a sub-species, leading to their eventual amalgamation with other lowland gorillas (Gorilla gorilla gorilla; Rothschild 1904, 1906, Elliot 1912, Coolidge 1929, Groves 1970). However, craniometric research by Stumpf et al. (1998) reopened the question as to whether the Cross River gorilla is a sub-species. Additional study by Sarmiento and Oates (2000), including the re-measurement of Nigerian and Cameroonian gorilla skulls, concluded that these gorillas are indeed more taxonomically distinct than previously described, and they are now recognized as the fourth subspecies of gorilla. Information on gorilla abundance and distribution within this region has been documented for more than 70 years (Allen 1930, Sanderson 1940, March 1957, Struhsaker 1967, Critchley 1968, Harris et al. 1987, Thomas 1988, Harcourt et al. 1988, 1989, Oates et al. 1990, Groves 1996, Obot et al. 1997, Oates 1998). A call for surveys of the Mamfe-Obudu region (Oates 1996) mentioned that hunting was a major environmental problem and recommended that biological surveys of Takamanda should be undertaken, then followed by conservation management. Field surveys were subsequently conducted by Sunderland-Groves in 1998 and 1999 in Cameroon, which led to additional research in 2000 and 2001 that continues today. The objectives of the initial 1998-1999 surveys were to collect baseline data on the large mammals of the reserves, focusing on the gorilla population, and assess conservation threats and potential. In relation to the gorilla population, the aim was to obtain an estimate of size and of habitat types most used by the animals. Results on apes from the 1998-1999 surveys are reported in detail in Sunderland-Groves and Maisels (in prep). To compare the results obtained in 2000 and 2001, the 1998- 1999 data are summarized in this paper. Although there is still much to learn about this subspecies of gorilla, considerable progress has been made over a relatively short period of time, elicting a more comprehensive overview of their range, distribution, and abundance within Cameroon. 2 Ape Conservation Status Chapter 9 According to local tradition in this region, the meat of great apes may not be sold, but gorilla hunting occurred before this survey started and still occasionally takes place in areas outside of Takamanda. Ape populations are more vulnerable to hunting than smaller primates; they recover very slowly from population reduction because of their inter-birth interval of about four years, late date of maturity, and complex social system (see Walsh et al. 2003 for an overview of present gorilla status in the region as a whole). SI/MAB Series #8, 2003, Pages 129 to 140
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Smithsonian Institution SI/MAB Biod
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ii 10. Fisheries in the Southern Bo
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Mercy Abwe Dione Dept. of Biology,
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The Smithsonian Institution has lon
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The editors of this publication ext
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2 Sunderland-Groves et al. Figure 1
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4 Sunderland-Groves et al. Rainfall
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8 Sunderland-Groves et al. Europe,
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12 Comiskey and Dallmeier 5 Adaptiv
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16 Comiskey and Dallmeier 5.4 Evalu
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18 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of a
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20 Sunderland et al. preliminary la
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22 Sunderland et al. avoided protru
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24 Sunderland et al. Table 2. Summa
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26 Sunderland et al. lowland forest
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28 Sunderland et al. impressive cat
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30 Sunderland et al. Herbaceous flo
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32 Sunderland et al. Table 3. Compa
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34 Sunderland et al. 5.5 Economic P
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36 Sunderland et al. Table 5. Summa
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38 Sunderland et al. monitoring pro
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40 Sunderland et al. Letouzey, R. 1
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42 Sunderland et al. Appendix 1. Pl
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44 Sunderland et al. Agelaea pentag
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46 Sunderland et al. Afzelia pachyl
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48 Sunderland et al. Rhabdophyllum
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50 Sunderland et al. Aningeria robu
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52 Sunderland et al. Nervilia sp. P
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56 O’Kah f22 y2@w—˜A g—22@IE
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58 O’Kah Table 3. Species found i
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60 O’Kah Table 6. Indicators of s
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62 O’Kah Larsen, T. B. 1997. Butt
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64 O’Kah Appendix 1 (cont.). Chec
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66 O’Kah Appendix 1 (cont.). Chec
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68 O’Kah Species distribution Tak
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70 O’Kah Species distribution Tak
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72 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of a
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74 h—2@y——A 2 IE2— y2@w—
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76 The sites which have been survey
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178 Slayback Table 2: Areas of outp
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180 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of
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182 Sunderland-Groves et al. Mone F
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