Fisheries in the Southern Border Zone of Takamanda - Impact ...

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134 Sunderland-Groves et al. q—2—2g— h˜ G g q— y2@w—˜A H S IH u In the lowlands, gorilla and chimpanzee signs were found at one site—Makone River east. Although this was classified as a lowland site (
Gorilla and Chimp Surveys Table 2. Ape nests: Summary of all data both off and on transects, Takamanda Forest Reserve, Cameroon, 1999 and 2001 (1999: L=136 km; 2001: L=28 km) Year Species 1999 Gorilla gorilla deihli Pan troglodytes vellerosus 2001 Gorilla gorilla deihli Pan troglodytes vellerosus Total # nest groups rate for tree-only nest groups was found to be higher in both the Obonyi 1 hills and the Basho hills than in the lowland forests of Makone east, once more indicating that apes were found more frequently in the higher altitude areas. We assigned about 74% of these tree-only nests to chimpanzees. Although the sample size was small, a very rough estimate of ape density was made for the highlands and the lowlands following the Tutin and Fernandez (1984) formula and their suggested correction factor (Tutin et al. 1995). In the highland areas, gorilla density was calculated between 1.2 and 1.8 individuals/km², while chimpanzee density was 0.93 to 1.40 individuals/km². For the lowlands, gorilla density was 0.03 to 0.05/km², and chimpanzee density was 0.10 to 0.12/km². These are estimates with unknown precision because the sample size was so small. We therefore suggest that there was about one gorilla/km² and perhaps one chimpanzee/km² in the highlands, and almost no gorillas and fewer than 0.1 chimpanzees/km² in the lowlands. 5.4 Ape Density Estimates 2000-2001 Mean Median group size group size Fifty-eight gorilla nest sites and 76 chimpanzee or treeonly nest sites were recorded during transect surveys and nest searches from September 2000 to August 2001. Eighteen gorilla nest sites and 15 chimpanzee or treeonly nest sites were recorded along 17 km of transect. # of nest groups seen from transects, all strata combined 135 Encounter rate of nest groups seen on transects (#/L) 12 3.00 2.5 9 0.066 49 2.73 2.0 30 0.221 58 3.45 2.5 18 0.642 76 2.86 2.5 15 0.536 Three of the areas surveyed were sampled twice, once in the dry season and once in the wet season, for a total of 28 observer-kms. When all nest data are considered, including nests that appeared to be from single individuals, mean group size and standard deviation for gorillas was 3.45 ± 3.52 (median 2.5), and mean chimpanzee (tree-only nests) was 2.86 ± 1.76 (median 2.5) (Table 2). Along transects, the encounter rate for gorilla nest groups and individual nests was higher at Obonyi 1 hills and Basho hills than at Takpe (Table 3). No gorilla nests were encountered in either Mblishe or Atolo during transect surveys, although gorilla nest sites were located in Atolo during nest searches. Additional gorilla nest sites were recorded on the east side of the Makile hill (Makone east). There were more chimpanzee (tree-only) nest sites recorded in the Obonyi I hills than at any other highland site (Table 4). Only one tree-only nest was observed in the Takpe hills along transects, but six additional chimpanzee nest sites were recorded during nest searches. Chimp (tree-only) nests were not recorded in the highland area close to Atolo. One chimp nest site was observed in the hills of Obonyi 3 and one close to the village of Umbuli, located on the Nigerian border. More tree-only nest sites were recorded on the east side of the Makile hill (Makone east). SI/MAB Series #8, 2003
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Smithsonian Institution SI/MAB Biod
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ii 10. Fisheries in the Southern Bo
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Mercy Abwe Dione Dept. of Biology,
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The Smithsonian Institution has lon
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The editors of this publication ext
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2 Sunderland-Groves et al. Figure 1
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4 Sunderland-Groves et al. Rainfall
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6 Sunderland-Groves et al. 7 Conser
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8 Sunderland-Groves et al. Europe,
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10 Comiskey and Dallmeier 2 Challen
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12 Comiskey and Dallmeier 5 Adaptiv
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14 Comiskey and Dallmeier identifie
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16 Comiskey and Dallmeier 5.4 Evalu
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18 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of a
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20 Sunderland et al. preliminary la
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22 Sunderland et al. avoided protru
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24 Sunderland et al. Table 2. Summa
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26 Sunderland et al. lowland forest
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28 Sunderland et al. impressive cat
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30 Sunderland et al. Herbaceous flo
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32 Sunderland et al. Table 3. Compa
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34 Sunderland et al. 5.5 Economic P
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36 Sunderland et al. Table 5. Summa
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38 Sunderland et al. monitoring pro
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40 Sunderland et al. Letouzey, R. 1
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42 Sunderland et al. Appendix 1. Pl
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44 Sunderland et al. Agelaea pentag
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46 Sunderland et al. Afzelia pachyl
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48 Sunderland et al. Rhabdophyllum
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50 Sunderland et al. Aningeria robu
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52 Sunderland et al. Nervilia sp. P
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54 Sunderland et al. g—2˜— @y
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56 O’Kah f22 y2@w—˜A g—22@IE
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58 O’Kah Table 3. Species found i
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60 O’Kah Table 6. Indicators of s
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62 O’Kah Larsen, T. B. 1997. Butt
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64 O’Kah Appendix 1 (cont.). Chec
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66 O’Kah Appendix 1 (cont.). Chec
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68 O’Kah Species distribution Tak
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70 O’Kah Species distribution Tak
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72 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of a
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74 h—2@y——A 2 IE2— y2@w—
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76 The sites which have been survey
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78 species from a phylogenetic poin
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80 Appendix 1. Species list and sam
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82 Family / Species Notes Locations
Page 94 and 95: 84 LeBreton et al. 3 Methods A team
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Page 98 and 99: 88 LeBreton et al. an important par
Page 100 and 101: 90 LeBreton et al. Perret, J.-L. 19
Page 102 and 103: 92 LeBreton et al. Appendix 1 (cont
Page 104 and 105: 94 LeBreton et al. Appendix 1 (cont
Page 106 and 107: 96 Languy and Motombe f 5 q—2˜
Page 108 and 109: 98 Languy and Motombe Table 3. Thre
Page 110 and 111: 100 Languy and Motombe encroachment
Page 112 and 113: 102 Languy and Motombe Appendix 1.
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Page 122 and 123: 112 Sunderland-Groves and Maisels h
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Page 138 and 139: 128 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of
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Page 152 and 153: 142 Mdaihli et al. Basin and is sep
Page 154 and 155: 144 Table 1. Type and number of fis
Page 156 and 157: 146 Migrating Labeo spp. make up 10
Page 158 and 159: 148 Mdaihli et al. Mochokidae Barbu
Page 160 and 161: 150 Monthly yield (t) 200 160 120 8
Page 162 and 163: 152 Mdaihli et al. of Forests Aroun
Page 164 and 165: 154 Mdaihli et al. Appendix 1 (cont
Page 166 and 167: 156 Sunderland et al. Table 1. Majo
Page 168 and 169: 158 Sunderland et al. resources and
Page 170 and 171: 160 Sunderland et al. No. of indivi
Page 172 and 173: No. of individuals (n = 315) 200 15
Page 174 and 175: No. of individuals (n = 1065) 1000
Page 176 and 177: Gnetum spp. Piper guineensis Site T
Page 178 and 179: Resource Impacts of seasonality Ava
Page 180 and 181: Box. Large-scale exploitation of no
Page 182 and 183: Sunderland, T. C. H. 2001. Cross Ri
Page 184 and 185: 174 Slayback 7 H S IH type of autom
Page 186 and 187: 176 Slayback (ridge or lowland). On
Page 188 and 189: 178 Slayback Table 2: Areas of outp
Page 190 and 191: 180 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of
Page 192: 182 Sunderland-Groves et al. Mone F
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