Fisheries in the Southern Border Zone of Takamanda - Impact ...

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72 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of an African Rainforest
Biodiversity Assessment of the Odonate Fauna of Takamanda Forest Reserve, Cameroon 1 Introduction Dragonflies (Odonata) are attractive insects which are ideal for biodiversity studies. They are sensitive to pollution and habitat disturbance. They are excellent indicators of ecological health. Their present-day distributions are the result of past geological events and climatic fluctuations. There are approximately 6500 species worldwide, classified in about 600 genera, but the African dragonfly fauna, with about 900 species and 125 genera, is generally considered to be impoverished compared with that of South-East Asia or Central and South America. This is probably caused by the long periods of aridity which occurred during the Pleistocene. Only drought-adapted species could survive in large areas of the continent. The upland mountain chain which runs into the Gulf of Guinea, receives very high rainfall; up to 10,000 mm (400”) in the vicinity of Mount Cameroon, and over 3,000 mm at Mamfe (Vick 1999) and the dry season is short (usually at least 50 mm of rain even in the driest month). The natural vegetation is evergreen ‘Biafran’ rainforest. During the Pleistocene when the rainforest in Africa was drastically reduced; a few areas persisted as lowland rainforest refuges. These are generally near the coast and in areas which have the heaviest rainfall now. Botanical evidence suggests that the Cameroon/Nigeria border area is one of these refugia (Mayr and O’Hara 1986), possibly the richest in Africa, and this survey was conducted to investigate the dragonfly fauna and determine whether this also held true for Odonata. The Cameroon Dragonfly Project (CDP) was established in 1995 by Graham Vick and David Chelmick of England and Otto Mesumbe of Cameroon. Professor Philip Corbet is the president. It is the first long-term dragonfly project in tropical Africa. The initial Graham S. Vick concentration of effort has been in the Southwest Province as this region appears to be an important biodiversity hotspot. The objectives are to describe the fauna taxonomically and produce a species list; to produce an identification key to adults (completed by Graham Vick); to describe the larvae and write larval keys (completed by David Chelmick); and finally, to identify areas of greatest conservation importance. Perhaps the most important of all is to gain the interest and cooperation of local people. 2 Methods Chapter 5 The main recording effort of the CDP is based upon obtaining samples of the adult dragonflies using a standard 38 cm diameter butterfly net. Specimens were preserved dry. When acetone was available, the samples were soaked for 12 hours prior to drying to preserve colour. Efforts were made to examine all possible habitats: ponds, streams and larger rivers. Careful searching is necessary for some of the most elusive species which breed in small trickles, in seepages, and in one case, in the waterfilm flowing over rocks near waterfalls. The species composition depends upon the degree of shade offered by the waterside vegetation and the proximity of extensive areas of forest for maturation and feeding. Undoubtedly the quality of the forest cover is crucial, and the most of the endemics appear to need extensive areas of primary forest. Other species can tolerate more open habitats; disturbed forest and farmland must be examined thoroughly if a full species list is to be obtained. One of the most significant challenges encountered when attempting to sample Odonata in tropical forests is that the adults on which the specific identity depends are extremely elusive, can be difficult to catch, and SI/MAB Series #8, 2003, Pages 73 to 82
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Smithsonian Institution SI/MAB Biod
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ii 10. Fisheries in the Southern Bo
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Mercy Abwe Dione Dept. of Biology,
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The Smithsonian Institution has lon
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The editors of this publication ext
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2 Sunderland-Groves et al. Figure 1
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4 Sunderland-Groves et al. Rainfall
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6 Sunderland-Groves et al. 7 Conser
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8 Sunderland-Groves et al. Europe,
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10 Comiskey and Dallmeier 2 Challen
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12 Comiskey and Dallmeier 5 Adaptiv
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14 Comiskey and Dallmeier identifie
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16 Comiskey and Dallmeier 5.4 Evalu
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18 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of a
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20 Sunderland et al. preliminary la
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Page 54 and 55: 44 Sunderland et al. Agelaea pentag
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Page 66 and 67: 56 O’Kah f22 y2@w—˜A g—22@IE
Page 68 and 69: 58 O’Kah Table 3. Species found i
Page 70 and 71: 60 O’Kah Table 6. Indicators of s
Page 72 and 73: 62 O’Kah Larsen, T. B. 1997. Butt
Page 74 and 75: 64 O’Kah Appendix 1 (cont.). Chec
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Page 78 and 79: 68 O’Kah Species distribution Tak
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Page 84 and 85: 74 h—2@y——A 2 IE2— y2@w—
Page 86 and 87: 76 The sites which have been survey
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Page 90 and 91: 80 Appendix 1. Species list and sam
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Page 102 and 103: 92 LeBreton et al. Appendix 1 (cont
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Page 106 and 107: 96 Languy and Motombe f 5 q—2˜
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122 Sunderland-Groves and Maisels A
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128 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of
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130 Sunderland-Groves et al. In mor
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132 Sunderland-Groves et al. proved
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134 Sunderland-Groves et al. q—2
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136 Sunderland-Groves et al. Table
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138 Sunderland-Groves et al. from m
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140 Sunderland-Groves et al. Sander
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142 Mdaihli et al. Basin and is sep
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144 Table 1. Type and number of fis
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146 Migrating Labeo spp. make up 10
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148 Mdaihli et al. Mochokidae Barbu
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150 Monthly yield (t) 200 160 120 8
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152 Mdaihli et al. of Forests Aroun
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154 Mdaihli et al. Appendix 1 (cont
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156 Sunderland et al. Table 1. Majo
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158 Sunderland et al. resources and
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160 Sunderland et al. No. of indivi
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No. of individuals (n = 315) 200 15
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No. of individuals (n = 1065) 1000
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Gnetum spp. Piper guineensis Site T
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Resource Impacts of seasonality Ava
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Box. Large-scale exploitation of no
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Sunderland, T. C. H. 2001. Cross Ri
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174 Slayback 7 H S IH type of autom
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176 Slayback (ridge or lowland). On
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178 Slayback Table 2: Areas of outp
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180 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of
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182 Sunderland-Groves et al. Mone F
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