Fisheries in the Southern Border Zone of Takamanda - Impact ...

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114 Sunderland-Groves and Maisels Table 2. Encounter rates for large mammal species per kilometer of transect walked, Takamanda Forest Reserve, Cameroon . Species Common Name N/L Individuals N/L Groups Cercopithecus mona Mona monkey 0.110 Cercopithecus nictitans Putty nosed monkey 0.103 Cercopithecus erythrotis Red eared guenon 0.081 Cercopithecus preussi Preuss’s guenon 0.044 Mandrillus leucophaeus Drill 0.007 Red duikers Red duikers 0.037 Cephalophus monticola Blue duiker 0.022 Syncerus caffer Buffalo 0.007 Endangered (Sunderland-Groves et. al. this volume), and three—chimpanzee Pan troglodytes vellerosus, drill Mandrillus leucophaeus, and Preuss’s guenon Cercopithecus preussi—are classed as Endangered. The red eared guenon Cercopithecus erythrotis is classified Vulnerable. Other fauna encountered include duikers Cephalophus spp., forest buffalo Syncerus caffer nanus, and red river hog Potamochoerus porcus. All medium to large mammal species seen and heard or for which sign was recorded during the study are listed by site in Table 1. Some of the sites were previously surveyed by Thomas (1988), and the mammals recorded at that time are listed in Appendix 2 for comparison with the results of this study. 3.2 Sightings During the transect surveys, encounter rates were very low (Table 2). No apes were seen at any site in any season, no ungulates were seen in the highlands, and red duikers and Cephalophus monticola were seen only twice during the 12-month survey period. There were no sightings of any large mammals in the Matene hills. Only one large mammal sighting was recorded in Obonyi I hills (a troop of C. mona monkeys), and only one sighting was recorded in the Basho hills (a troop of C. preussi monkeys). C. preussi was seen only on the east banks of the Makone and Oyi Rivers. Drills were seen only once, on the east side of the Oyi River. Sighting data may be few in the highlands for two reasons, apart from that of few animals. First, the total length of transect surveyed was much shorter in the three hill strata than in the lowlands. Second, the hill sites were only surveyed in the dry season when noise is created by walking on leaf litter. Takamanda: the Biodiversity of an African Rainforest 3.3 Vocalizations Vocalizations were recorded mostly from primates, although an occasional ungulate alarm call was heard. Cercopithecus nictitans was the most commonly heard monkey species. There were no significant differences between the frequency of vocalizations at the highland and the lowland sites for C. mona (P= 0.62) or C. nictitans (P=0.59). However, monkeys called more frequently on the east side of the Makone River than on the west side (all monkeys pooled: P=0.0001; C. nictitans: P=0.0019) and more frequently on the east side of the Oyi River than on the west side (all monkeys pooled: P= 0.0013; C. nictitans: P= 0.0313). In addition, C. mona and C. nictitans called more during the wet than the dry season (P=0.0501; P=0.021). The encounter rate of all monkey vocalizations combined was highest in the Figure 1. Encounter rate of monkey vocalizations at each site (95% confidence limits), Takamanda Forest Reserve, Cameroon. Encounter rate/ km & 95% conf. limits 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 Basho Makone E Obonyi Oyi E Makone W Matene Oyi W Site surveyed
Large mammals assessment Table 3. Encounter rates for primates heard per kilometer of transect walked, Takamanda Forest Reserve, Cameroon Species Makone River East Makone River West Oyi East Basho hills (Figure 2) and, for C. nictitans, the Obonyi 1 hills (Table 3). In the Matene hills, only C. nictitans was heard along the transects, although C. erythrotis was heard during a ‘site selection’ walk.C. erythrotis was not seen at all along transects in the highlands and rarely seen or heard in the lowland areas (a total of 10 sightings and 7 vocalization records in 12 months). Cercopithecus preussi was heard just 8 times on transect walks in 12 months, twice in the hills of the Basho area. Lowland Sites Highland Sites Oyi West Obonyi 1 Hills Basho Hills Matene Hills Cercopithecus nictitans 0.452 0.250 0.175 0.050 1.111 0.400 0.222 Cercopithecus 0.143 0.100 0.175 0.050 0.800 Cercopithecus preussi 0.119 0.025 0.400 Cercopithecus erythrotis 0.095 0.050 0.050 Makone River East Makone River West Oyi East 3.4 Tracks, dung, and other signs 115 Track data were recorded at the hill sites during the dry season when leaf litter covered the ground, making it difficult to see tracks. In addition, the hill strata were mostly rocky, and tracks did not show up well. In the lowland sites, frequent heavy rainstorms during the wet season washed away tracks. Because of these conditions, the results in this section are somewhat subjective. Encounter rates for tracks were low throughout. The different animal tracks recorded along the transects were mostly made by ungulates, and most of those were Table 4. Encounter rates for large mammal species tracks per kilometer of transect walked, Takamanda Forest Reserve, Cameroon. Species Lowland Sites Highland Sites Oyi West Obonyi 1 Hills Basho Hills Matene Hills Red duikers 1.74 2.15 2.68 1.05 4.22 0.20 0.22 Loxodonta 1.12 2.20 0.25 0.20 Cephalophus monticola 0.55 0.95 0.50 0.15 0.22 0.20 Potamochoerus porcus 0.29 1.10 0.85 1.25 0.89 Syncerus caffer 0.12 0.20 0.10 Hyemoschus aquaticus 0.10 0.05 0.18 0.10 Cephalophus silvicultor 0.02 0.10 0.15 0.05 SI/MAB Series #8, 2003
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Smithsonian Institution SI/MAB Biod
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ii 10. Fisheries in the Southern Bo
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Mercy Abwe Dione Dept. of Biology,
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The Smithsonian Institution has lon
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The editors of this publication ext
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2 Sunderland-Groves et al. Figure 1
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4 Sunderland-Groves et al. Rainfall
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12 Comiskey and Dallmeier 5 Adaptiv
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14 Comiskey and Dallmeier identifie
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16 Comiskey and Dallmeier 5.4 Evalu
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18 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of a
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20 Sunderland et al. preliminary la
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22 Sunderland et al. avoided protru
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24 Sunderland et al. Table 2. Summa
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26 Sunderland et al. lowland forest
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28 Sunderland et al. impressive cat
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30 Sunderland et al. Herbaceous flo
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32 Sunderland et al. Table 3. Compa
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34 Sunderland et al. 5.5 Economic P
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36 Sunderland et al. Table 5. Summa
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38 Sunderland et al. monitoring pro
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40 Sunderland et al. Letouzey, R. 1
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42 Sunderland et al. Appendix 1. Pl
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44 Sunderland et al. Agelaea pentag
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46 Sunderland et al. Afzelia pachyl
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48 Sunderland et al. Rhabdophyllum
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50 Sunderland et al. Aningeria robu
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52 Sunderland et al. Nervilia sp. P
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54 Sunderland et al. g—2˜— @y
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56 O’Kah f22 y2@w—˜A g—22@IE
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58 O’Kah Table 3. Species found i
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60 O’Kah Table 6. Indicators of s
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62 O’Kah Larsen, T. B. 1997. Butt
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Page 78 and 79: 68 O’Kah Species distribution Tak
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Page 82 and 83: 72 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of a
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Page 94 and 95: 84 LeBreton et al. 3 Methods A team
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Page 154 and 155: 144 Table 1. Type and number of fis
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Page 160 and 161: 150 Monthly yield (t) 200 160 120 8
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No. of individuals (n = 1065) 1000
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Gnetum spp. Piper guineensis Site T
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Resource Impacts of seasonality Ava
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Box. Large-scale exploitation of no
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Sunderland, T. C. H. 2001. Cross Ri
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174 Slayback 7 H S IH type of autom
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176 Slayback (ridge or lowland). On
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178 Slayback Table 2: Areas of outp
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180 Takamanda: the Biodiversity of
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182 Sunderland-Groves et al. Mone F
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