point cover jan 13 - Boston Redevelopment Authority

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\\MABOS\projects\11381.00\reports\Article80\ Expanded_PNF\04_Environmental_FINAL.do c Vanasse Hangen Brustlin, Inc. The Point, Boston Pollutants of Concern and Attainment Status Air pollution is of concern because of its demonstrated effects on human health, in particular the respiratory effects of the pollutants and their potential toxic effects, as described below. Carbon Monoxide Carbon monoxide is a colorless and odorless gas that is a product of incomplete combustion. Carbon monoxide is absorbed by the lungs and reacts with hemoglobin to reduce the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. At low concentrations, CO has been shown to aggravate the symptoms of cardiovascular disease. It can cause headaches and nausea and, at sustained high concentration levels, can lead to coma and death. Boston is a CO Maintenance area. A Maintenance area is an area that formerly was non-attainment, but, has demonstrated that the air quality has improved to attainment. After 20 years of clean air quality, Maintenance areas can be re-designated to attainment. Projects located in Maintenance areas, as The Point Project currently is, are required to evaluate their CO concentrations on the NAAQS. Particulate Matter Particulate matter is made up of small, solid particles and liquid droplets. PM10 refers to particulate matter with a nominal aerodynamic diameter of 10 micrometers or less, and PM2.5 refers to particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 micrometers or less. Particulates can enter the body through the respiratory system. Particulates over 10 micrometers in size are generally captured in the nose and throat and are readily expelled from the body. Particles smaller than 10 micrometers, and especially particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers, can reach the air ducts (bronchi) and the air sacs (alveoli) in the lungs. Particulates are associated with increased incidence of respiratory diseases, cardiopulmonary disease, and cancer. Boston is currently in attainment/unclassifiable for PM10 and PM2.5. An attainment/unclassifiable area is an area that does not yet have sufficient data to determine its attainment status. The EPA and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) are in the process of developing modeling guidance for attainment/unclassifiable areas. This air quality evaluation included a microscale analysis to demonstrate compliance with the NAAQS. Air Quality Standards The EPA has set the NAAQS to protect the public health. The NAAQS for CO, PM10, and PM2.5 are presented in Table 4-2. The predominant source of air pollution anticipated from the Project is emissions from Project-related motor vehicle traffic. Carbon monoxide, PM10, and PM2.5 are directly emitted by motor vehicles. Their concentrations can be calculated and compared to the NAAQS. 4-16 Environmental Protection
\\MABOS\projects\11381.00\reports\Article80\ Expanded_PNF\04_Environmental_FINAL.do c Vanasse Hangen Brustlin, Inc. The Point, Boston Table 4-2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards Primary Standards Secondary Standards Pollutant Level Averaging Time Level Averaging Carbon Monoxide 9 ppm (10 mg/m3 ) 8-hour1 None 35 ppm (40 mg/m3 ) 1-hour1 None Particulate Matter (PM10) 150 ug/m 3 24-hour 2 Same as Primary Particulate Matter (PM2.5) 15 ug/m3 Annual (Arithmetic Mean) 3 Same as Primary 35 ug/m3 24-hour4 Same as Primary 1 Not to be exceeded more than once per year. 2 Not to be exceeded more than once per year on average over 3 years. 3 To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the weighted annual mean PM2.5 concentrations from single or multiple community-oriented monitors must not exceed 15.0 µg/m 3. 4 To attain this standard, the 3-year average of the 98th percentile of 24-hour concentrations at each population-oriented monitor within an area must not exceed 35 µg/m 3 (effective December 17, 2006). Methodology The microscale analysis evaluated the emissions of mobile sources from nearby intersections. The mobile source modeling followed the EPA’s modeling guidelines. 3 The traffic data was evaluated and the intersections that are currently the most congested and expected to experience an increase in project-generated traffic were identified. Emission factors were obtained from DEP and were combined with the traffic data in EPA’s mobile source model to calculate CO, PM10, and PM2.5 worst-case concentrations. The microscale worst-case concentrations from the mobile sources determined the maximum project’s CO, PM10, and PM2.5 concentrations and were compared to the NAAQS. The microscale analysis utilizes traffic and emissions data for the existing and future No-Build and Build conditions, as described previously. The microscale analysis utilized the traffic (volumes and speeds) and emission factor data for the 2012 Existing, 2017 No-Build, and 2017 Build Conditions. These data were incorporated into air quality models to demonstrate that the project will meet the CAAA criteria. The microscale analysis calculated CO, PM10, and PM2.5 concentrations at congested intersections near the project site under Existing, No-Build, and Build conditions. Study Area The objective of the microscale analysis was to evaluate the CO, PM10, and PM2.5 concentrations at congested intersections in the study area. The intersections in the study area were ranked based on traffic volumes and level of service. The following intersections, which are presented in Figure 4.4, were selected for analysis: Brookline Avenue at Fenway 3 Guideline for Modeling Carbon Monoxide From Roadway Intersections, US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, Technical Support Division; Research Triangle Park, NC; EPA-454/R-92-006 (Revised); September 1995 4-17 Environmental Protection
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