1 The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Q: Like New York and Washington. MILLER: Yes. Q: What about – something I’ve – correct me if I’m wrong, but I’ve heard references made to “Give New York the Odessa mafia,” and all. I mean, Odessa and Marseilles have some what the same odor as far as a sea-port criminality, gangs and all. Is this … MILLER: Oh, yes, very definitely. It’s an On the Waterfront atmosphere. There’s a lot of that feeling, and the messy corrupt politics go into city hall aw well as the governors. It’s a major seaport, and, as in New York, as in Boston as in Seattle, Hong Kong or any major port, the world of the waterfront is, in part, shaped by those who work on the docks and live off the trade and profits made. Q: We’re talking about the movie … MILLER: On the Waterfront. Q: Yes, excellent movie. MILLER: Yes, and I’m sure there were some Odessa elements in it. The waterfront of Odessa is a rough place and that means there are gangland killings or the breaking of the agreements among the criminals and the payoffs for protection – it’s all there. Q: Did you get involved at all with the New York – Odessa connection? You know, criminal enforcement? MILLER: Yes, I got involved because our embassy, had an FBI office. The FBI office was established when I was there. Louis Freeh, came out to Kyiv and we signed an agreement establishing the terms of an FBI office in Ukraine. Q: He was the head of the FBI at the time? MILLER: Yes, FBI Director Freeh asked for my help. Among other things, he wanted to really understand whether it was possible to deal with Ukrainian law enforcement officials about the international aspects of the criminality that appeared to come from the Ukraine. He asked if it would be better for an FBI officer to come in on occasion from Germany or some other country. I said, “No, I think it would be better to work directly with the law enforcement people in the Ukraine. In addition, there would be a positive training aspect that the FBI could give Ukrainian law enforcement agencies. It would help them measure their own performance.” I had very good FBI attachés. I had two when I was there. They were both of Ukrainian ethnic background. Both spoke Ukrainian and Russian, and they had both had worked at very high levels in the criminal division of the FBI in Washington as well as in New York in very similar venues. So the international 206
utility of setting up FBI liaison with Ukraine on criminal activity was right on the mark. It was a perfect use of an FBI attaché, because it gave them real work that affected our interests and Ukrainian interests in positive ways. Q: Was there cooperation – in other words, were the resources of the FBI also made available, in certain cases, for the Ukrainians? MILLER: Yes. It was an aspect of our aid program. It was a sensible legal assistance program. It took the form of document exchange, computer integration, joint communications, integration into Interpol, the international tracking of criminals, and relations with other national police forces, particularly in Western Europe. It was a very busy program and Louis Freeh himself took a great personal interest in it, because he had been both a prosecutor and a judge, and so he knew all the sides of the law enforcement. Of course, he had dealt with “On the Waterfront” types and mafia, in New York and, of course, Ukraine had its mafia, waterfront, and gangs. Some of the criminals in New York and other cities in the United States were of Ukrainian and Russian origin. This ethnic legacy started from the end of the 19 th century - family-ties, you might say. Q: What about overall, while you were there, corruption? How did this play – did this have any concern of ours? MILLER: Certainly from the outset the word “corruption” was in our policy rhetoric. We were against it, of course. However, the reality was we were very permissive in our thinking and practice on corruption that seemed to be attendant to the so-called freemarket processes. This is at the top, and these were the things that high officials, top level bureaucrats, would not only see but possibly be able to do something about – that is, the initial transactions of evolving state assets into private assets. We, in Russia, in Ukraine and throughout the former Soviet Union, I think, did not pay enough close attention to the fairness of the process of translating state assets into private assets. The phenomenon that developed in these countries, Ukraine and Russia foremost, the rise of the oligarchs, was the consequence. The process of auctions and vouchers, shares in a nonexistent market – which were virtually worthless in the beginning but obviously had legal value as far as title to ownership goes and great potential value – was badly handled. The ordinary citizen had no benefit whatsoever from these processes of selling off state assets and those few with fast footwork received all the benefit. Many of them, an astonishingly high number, gained their wealth in criminal ways. Q: Did we let it go or could we have … MILLER: Could we have interfered? Yes, I think so, but privatization was also a legal and philosophical struggle. Free market means for many that governments don’t interfere. Q: But we’ve also got all sorts of things built in to our system of corrupt practices and… 207
Page 1 and 2:
The Association for Diplomatic Stud
Page 3 and 4:
Investigative committee Oversight C
Page 5 and 6:
Q: Could you tell me when and where
Page 7 and 8:
in Europe and the explosion of New
Page 9 and 10:
of 98. He was my English teacher ju
Page 11 and 12:
MILLER: He was a monster. He was se
Page 13 and 14:
Q: Well, you graduated in ’53. Ho
Page 15 and 16:
structure. Oxford and Cambridge was
Page 17 and 18:
situation, particularly, attitudes
Page 19 and 20:
vacations in between semesters, eig
Page 21 and 22:
student. I was returning from a tra
Page 23 and 24:
Q: Did you go on to get your PhD? M
Page 25 and 26:
Q: I would think so. *** Okay, toda
Page 27 and 28:
us in his car and lent us some mone
Page 29 and 30:
its history and was a patriot in th
Page 31 and 32:
MILLER: The Shah was never accepted
Page 33 and 34:
Q: Well, now let’s talk about the
Page 35 and 36:
Young and his archaeologist son, T.
Page 37 and 38:
Q: Great opener isn’t it … MILL
Page 39 and 40:
“What have you got in the village
Page 41 and 42:
highly cultured city with a thousan
Page 43 and 44:
MILLER: The hierarchy of power was
Page 45 and 46:
and along the Persian Gulf there we
Page 47 and 48:
and its independence despite the 19
Page 49 and 50:
MILLER: Very ephemeral. It’s only
Page 51 and 52:
Q: Well, then maybe we should move
Page 53 and 54:
he had been chief of protocol, amon
Page 55 and 56:
show that they were … MILLER: No,
Page 57 and 58:
sustain his absolutism. That was my
Page 59 and 60:
technical assistance and the secret
Page 61 and 62:
streets. This astounded the nationa
Page 63 and 64:
were the most important, and Bob Ko
Page 65 and 66:
Symington was one of the key people
Page 67 and 68:
a modern state. One could see some
Page 69 and 70:
the difficulties arose was in the n
Page 71 and 72:
That was the policy when I arrived.
Page 73 and 74:
Q: Was the question of authority he
Page 75 and 76:
no policy role, I thought that I re
Page 77 and 78:
fierce guardian secretary, Martha,
Page 79 and 80:
It is a mark of the Senate of this
Page 81 and 82:
Today is the 12 th of December, 200
Page 83 and 84:
smaller than they are now. Everyone
Page 85 and 86:
of everyone. These views were on th
Page 87 and 88:
danger. Cutting people down to size
Page 89 and 90:
very carefully, and with great plea
Page 91 and 92:
Cooper retires and I go as Chief of
Page 93 and 94:
MILLER: Some, say they're taking it
Page 95 and 96:
new Select Committee had to go thro
Page 97 and 98:
MILLER: The Hoover people were stil
Page 99 and 100:
Q: Who? MILLER: Sam Giancana, a mob
Page 101 and 102:
whole, the CIA did its duty. In any
Page 103 and 104:
was doing to me and I set the rules
Page 105 and 106:
MILLER: They were a right-wing terr
Page 107 and 108:
tens of billions of dollars in the
Page 109 and 110:
very difficult then and, of course,
Page 111 and 112:
problems with senators or the staff
Page 113 and 114:
MILLER: The most important informat
Page 115 and 116:
But now, that gap has disappeared f
Page 117 and 118:
national security changed. National
Page 119 and 120:
That's the value of Fletcher, and,
Page 121 and 122:
know this June the Diplomatic Acade
Page 123 and 124:
went to the American Committee on U
Page 125 and 126:
The board was very attractive to me
Page 127 and 128:
President of the American Committee
Page 129 and 130:
survived that, and was now the tuto
Page 131 and 132:
great essay for me, which I treasur
Page 133 and 134:
then. Sakharov wrote a draft of the
Page 135 and 136:
House. This was Reagan - up to ’8
Page 137 and 138:
social revolutionary change. The ch
Page 139 and 140:
MILLER: No. The forces of change ha
Page 141 and 142:
MILLER: Yes. The encouragement of h
Page 143 and 144:
Gorbachev, so Yeltsin was sort of p
Page 145 and 146:
Q: Well, why don't we talk about '9
Page 147 and 148:
peculiar sense of stasis even in th
Page 149 and 150:
members on the International Founda
Page 151 and 152:
MILLER: Yes, but he would have won
Page 153 and 154:
Q: This is tape eight, side one, wi
Page 155 and 156: Q: Was this an American movement mo
Page 157 and 158: doing, it was a pretty good paralle
Page 159 and 160: no one stopped them. They had to do
Page 161 and 162: MILLER: They sided with the people.
Page 163 and 164: A very good case in point is how th
Page 165 and 166: Quartet, from St. Petersburg. They
Page 167 and 168: MILLER: More or less. In all of the
Page 169 and 170: Q: Well, then, when did you leave M
Page 171 and 172: no one did very well; neither the R
Page 173 and 174: laws explicitly said you can’t ha
Page 175 and 176: policy going to be, and the articul
Page 177 and 178: people who had worked with him, lik
Page 179 and 180: Ridgeway. During the time between t
Page 181 and 182: My instructions were, number one, g
Page 183 and 184: (Communist bureaucracy). Q: Who was
Page 185 and 186: MILLER: The attitude in Washington
Page 187 and 188: Kravchuk and the Ukrainian leadersh
Page 189 and 190: that message and saw this policy by
Page 191 and 192: was surrounded by gorgeous gardens.
Page 193 and 194: When Meshkov asked about U.S. assis
Page 195 and 196: Ukraine, a longstanding one, which
Page 197 and 198: language issue really didn't cause
Page 199 and 200: most dramatic and most destructive
Page 201 and 202: now running the new system and were
Page 203 and 204: are now a part of the political age
Page 205: MILLER: Yes, that’s more or less
Page 209 and 210: Q: This is tape 11, side one, with
Page 211 and 212: Q: Well, now, when you were there,
Page 213 and 214: invention, was created to provide a
Page 215 and 216: that would damage the good relation
Page 217 and 218: sense. There are Ukrainian national
Page 219 and 220: Ukrainian language nationalist, whe
Page 221 and 222: north German plain and so on is a f
Page 223 and 224: toadies and miscreants of one kind
Page 225 and 226: ase for me to go back to Ukraine an
Page 227 and 228: art of the country from the earlies
Page 229 and 230: only because I'm an example of it,
Page 231 and 232: Q: Absolutely. There's a little bit
show all

1 The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?