WHEN YOU CROSS CULTURES - World Evangelical Alliance

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THE CROSS-CULTURAL MESSENGER is also fallen. Much of culture is neutral and can be affirmed. As the Lausanne Covenant3 states in its section on Evangelism and Culture “because man is God's creature, some of his culture is rich in beauty and goodness.” 4 In his commentary, John Stott explains “Culture may be likened to a tapestry, intricate and often very beautiful, which is woven by a given society to express its corporate identity.” 5 Common beliefs and customs are part of this tapestry. The Lausanne Covenant warns against exporting “an alien culture” with the Gospel. The Willowbank Report6 states, “Sometimes these two cultural blunders are committed together, and messengers of the Gospel are guilty of a cultural imperialism which both undermines the local culture unnecessarily and seeks to impose an alien culture instead.” 7 All cultures ultimately must be tested and judged by Scripture as the Lausanne Covenant affirms. FUNCTION, FORM AND MEANING Missionaries involved in church-planting must be particularly careful to distinguish between function and form. • A function is an essential activity with a purpose. • A form is the pattern, structure or method used to perform the function. New Christians need to express their beliefs and to worship in cultural ways that are meaningful. They must have the freedom to reject alien cultural patterns and develop their own. They are certainly free to “borrow” cultural forms from others but they need to be meaningful. A person with an Asian religious background would be accustomed to falling prostrate in worshipping God rather than sitting on a bench with his eyes closed. In Africa, drums are being used in some areas to summon people to worship, although previously they were unacceptable. In Bali, a council of church elders studied both biblical and cultural beliefs and forms, and decided that a particular architectural style for their congregations would clearly express their faith. Because the Balinese are a very “visual” people, they expressed their faith in the Trinity by designing a 3 In July 1974, the Lausanne Congress on World Evangelisation in Lausanne, Switzerland, brought together 4,000 participants, including evangelists, missionaries, mission leaders, theologians, pastors and national church leaders from 150 nations. A drafting committee headed by John R.W. Stott incorporated the ideas of main speakers and submissions from hundreds of participants into a document, now known as the “Lausanne Covenant”. The 15 tightly packed sections of the Lausanne Covenant spread the essence of Lausanne’s emphasis on biblical world evangelisation, and helped spark what became known as “the Lausanne Movement”. 4 Section 10, Lausanne Covenant, Lausanne Committee for World Evangelisation, 1974. The Lausanne Covenant can be found on the Lausanne website 5 Lausanne Occasional Papers No. 3, The Lausanne Covenant - an Exposition and Commentary by John Stott, LCWE World Wide Publications, page 26. This paper is available on the Lausanne website 6 The “Willowbank Report” is the product of a January 1978 consultation on “Gospel and Culture”, sponsored by the Lausanne Committee for World Evangelisation and conducted in Willowbank, Somerset Bridge, Bermuda. Some 33 theologians, anthropologists, linguists, missionaries and pastors attended. The report reflects the content of 17 written papers circulated in advance, summaries of them and reactions to them made during the consultation and viewpoints expressed in plenary and group discussions. 7 The Willowbank Report, LCWE, 1978. A copy of the Willowbank Report can be found in: Perspectives: on the World Christian Movement, A Reader, Fourth Edition, 2009, Edited by Ralph D. Winter and Steve C. Hawthorne, William Carey Library, pages 506- 530. The report is also available on the Lausanne website 19
20 WHEN YOU CROSS CULTURES contextualised Balinese-style three-tiered roof for their church buildings. In a culture, almost all customs would perform important functions. Therefore, customs should not be labelled “demonic” and abolished before discerning their function and meaning. Sometimes old customs can be given new meaning. Some will obviously have to be abolished. In some instances, substitutes may be provided which perform the same function.
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WHEN YOU CROSS CULTURES - World Evangelical Alliance

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