London Wider Waste Strategy - London - Greater London Authority
London Wider Waste Strategy - London - Greater London Authority
London Wider Waste Strategy - London - Greater London Authority
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Measure<br />
Restrictions or bans on<br />
disposal to landfill<br />
Germany Denmark Belgium The Netherlands<br />
• Ban on disposal of mineral<br />
demolition waste & unsorted<br />
C&D waste.<br />
• Closed-Cycle & <strong>Waste</strong> Act gives<br />
waste recycling priority over<br />
waste disposal.<br />
Taxes • No federal taxes applied to<br />
disposal of C&D waste.<br />
• There are different prices for<br />
landfilling according to the<br />
nature and composition (and<br />
degree of hazard) of the<br />
waste, which encourages<br />
sorting of C&D waste.<br />
Subsidies • No direct subsidies on C&D<br />
waste recycling or re-use.<br />
Voluntary agreements<br />
(VAs)<br />
• A national VA between<br />
industrial organisations and<br />
the government containing<br />
• National waste management<br />
policy requires minimisation of<br />
landfilling and incineration of<br />
C&D waste.<br />
• Only waste which cannot be<br />
recovered in an<br />
environmentally safe way is<br />
supposed to be landfilled.<br />
• National tax on landfilling and<br />
incineration since 1987.<br />
(45ECU/t for landfilling)<br />
• Taxation in combination with<br />
other leglislation and planning<br />
measures is cited as being<br />
highly successful in reducing<br />
landfilling of C&D waste to a<br />
minimum.<br />
• No direct subsidies on C&D<br />
waste recycling or re-use.<br />
• In 1996, a national VA on<br />
selective demolition was<br />
signed between the<br />
182<br />
• No legal restrictions or bans in<br />
any of the three regions.<br />
• Flanders has VLAREA<br />
legislation (1998) banning<br />
disposal of unsorted industrial<br />
waste (includes most C&D<br />
waste), thus C&D waste must<br />
be sorted first.<br />
• Brussels has indirect ban on<br />
disposal through the order of<br />
16 March 1995 regarding<br />
obligatory recycling of certain<br />
types of non-contaminated<br />
C&D waste.<br />
• Landfill charges and<br />
environmental tax for C&D<br />
waste to Class III landfill<br />
(16ECU/t)<br />
• Flemish government levies a<br />
lower rate of tax on disposal of<br />
final waste fraction of<br />
processed C&D waste<br />
(encourages sorting and<br />
recycling).<br />
• Companies which install<br />
prevention of waste systems<br />
under PRESTI (see education<br />
and training below) can get<br />
subsidies from the government<br />
• Wherever possible Belgian<br />
regions prefer voluntary<br />
agreements and consensus<br />
• Total national ban on disposal<br />
of re-usable C&D waste since<br />
1997.<br />
• A levy system is applied to<br />
landfills, which differs from<br />
region to region, ranging from<br />
23-90 ECU/t.<br />
• The government offers<br />
contractors for public works<br />
the opportunity to earn<br />
bonuses if they use secondary<br />
aggregates (C&D wastederived)<br />
instead of natural<br />
gravel.<br />
• In 1995, the government and<br />
20 industry organisations<br />
agreed on measures to prevent