Table 8.6. ISAG waste types and <strong>the</strong>ir content (fraction) of waste types with calculated emission factor. Waste Card- Paper Wet Plastics O<strong>the</strong>r Glass Metal O<strong>the</strong>r not Sum food board Card- Combu- Combuboard stible stible Materiale fractions in and paper Domestic Waste 0,38 0,02 0,13 0,26 0,07 0,03 0,02 0,05 0,05 1,00 Bulky Waste 0,08 0,23 0,05 0,46 0,09 0,09 0,02 1,00 garden Waste 0,76 0,24 1,00 Commercial & office Waste 0,25 0,31 0,04 0,11 0,05 0,10 0,05 0,05 0,05 1,00 Industrial Waste 0,06 0,02 0,07 0,01 0,01 0,06 0,04 0,18 0,54 1,00 Building & constr. Waste 0,07 0,93 1,00 Sludge 0,29 0,71 1,00 Ash & slag 1,00 1,00 Table 8.6 forms <strong>the</strong> connection between <strong>the</strong> ISAG data (left column) and waste type (upper row) where emission factors have been worked out (Table 8.5). This composition is kept for <strong>the</strong> whole time-series. The emission factors for <strong>the</strong> ISAG waste types are now calculated as <strong>the</strong> weighted average according to Table 8.5 and Table 8.6. The result is shown in Table 8.7. Table 8.7. Emission factor (kg CH 4 /kg waste) for ISAG waste types. ISAG Waste Type Domestic Bulky Garden Commercial Industrial Building Sludge Ash & Waste Waste Waste & office Waste & Construct. Slag Waste Waste Weighted emission factor 0.0068 0.094 0.051 0.079 0.022 0.0076 0.045 0.0 The detailed explanation on <strong>the</strong> composition of waste and <strong>the</strong> methodology to obtain emission factors in this section of <strong>the</strong> NIR report have also been given since we do not find it descriptive for <strong>the</strong> Danish data and for <strong>the</strong> methodology used to estimate and to fill out <strong>the</strong> part of CRF Table 6A,C called “additional information” on composition of waste. 8.2.2.2 The model and its results The CH emission estimates from SWDSs are based on a First Order Decay (FOD) model suited to 4 Danish conditions and according to an IPCC Tier 2 approach. The input parameters for <strong>the</strong> model are yearly amounts of waste as reported to <strong>the</strong> ISAG database and <strong>the</strong> emission factors according to Table 8.7. In <strong>the</strong> model is used a Half-life time of <strong>the</strong> carbon of 10 years, corresponding to (refer GPG page 5.7): k=ln2/10=0.0693 year -1 which is in line with values mentioned in <strong>the</strong> GPG and close to <strong>the</strong> GPG default value of 0.05. The model calculations are not performed per dumping site, but for all waste dumped at all sites. The yearly amounts of <strong>the</strong> different waste types and <strong>the</strong>ir emission factors are used to calculate <strong>the</strong> yearly potential emission. From <strong>the</strong> potential emission <strong>the</strong> annual emission is calculated using <strong>the</strong> model. This emission is withdrawn <strong>the</strong> CH 4 captured by biogas installations at some of <strong>the</strong> sites. The result is annual net emissions. The captured amounts of CH 4 are according to <strong>the</strong> Danish energy statistics. The waste amounts and <strong>the</strong> calculated CH 4 emissions are shown in Table 8.8. 194
Table 8.8. Amounts of waste and CH 4 emissions for 1990-2003. Year Dome- Bulky Garden Com- Indu- Building Sludge Ash & Waste Potential Annual Biogas Annual stic Waste Waste mercial strial & cons- slag emission emission collected net Waste & office Waste truction Waste Waste Total emission kt kt kt CH4 kt CH4 kt CH4 kt CH4 1990 198,9 250,7 85,2 109,3 822,4 951,4 222,1 535,0 3175,1 85,2 64,0 0,5 63,5 1991 198,7 259,0 70,7 120,0 824,3 804,3 193,3 562,0 3032,3 83,7 65,3 0,7 64,6 1992 198,4 267,3 56,1 130,7 826,2 657,2 164,6 589,0 2889,6 82,2 66,5 1,4 65,1 1993 198,2 275,7 41,6 141,3 828,1 510,1 135,8 616,0 2746,8 80,7 67,4 1,7 65,7 1994 198,0 284,0 27,0 152,0 830,0 363,0 107,0 643,0 2604,0 79,2 68,2 4,6 63,6 1995 190,0 286,0 17,0 128,0 779,0 321,0 101,0 135,0 1957,0 74,7 68,7 7,4 61,2 1996 132,0 275,0 6,0 135,0 822,0 317,0 117,0 703,0 2507,0 71,4 68,8 8,2 60,7 1997 83,0 248,0 6,0 170,0 707,0 264,0 130,0 475,0 2083,0 65,9 68,6 11,1 57,5 1998 98,0 234,0 20,0 161,0 746,0 266,0 124,0 210,0 1859,0 66,3 68,5 13,2 55,3 1999 117,0 239,0 3,0 164,0 582,0 224,0 126,0 12,0 1467,0 63,5 68,2 11,5 56,7 2000 85,0 264,0 7,0 152,0 611,0 269,0 94,0 0,0 1482,0 62,5 67,8 11,0 56,8 2001 50,0 180,0 3,0 150,0 583,0 260,0 64,0 10,0 1300,0 49,9 66,6 10,0 56,6 2002 37,0 161,0 4,0 137,0 520,0 229,0 48,0 38,0 1174,0 43,9 65,1 10,0 55,1 2003 24,0 143,0 4,0 131,0 379,0 170,0 55,0 60,0 966,0 37,6 63,2 8,3 54,9 The total waste amount in Table 8.8 is <strong>the</strong> sum of <strong>the</strong> different waste types and <strong>the</strong>reby includes Industrial Waste, Building and Construction Waste. The total waste amount is reported as <strong>the</strong> activity data for <strong>the</strong> Annual Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) at SWDSs in <strong>the</strong> CRF Table 6.A. Doing so and referring to <strong>the</strong> discussion of waste amounts in GPG at page 5.8 it is clear that <strong>the</strong>se amounts is not really characteristics of <strong>the</strong> term of Municipal Solid Waste. Fur<strong>the</strong>r, it should be noted that <strong>the</strong>se amounts are used to calculate <strong>the</strong> waste amount produced per capita in <strong>the</strong> Table 6A,C of <strong>the</strong> CRF and that <strong>the</strong>se per capita amounts <strong>the</strong>refore may not be comparable to o<strong>the</strong>r parties using different approaches. The implied emission factor (IEF) in <strong>the</strong> CRF tables reflects an aggregated emission factor for <strong>the</strong> model. So far this IEF has been increasing from 1990 to 2001 despite <strong>the</strong> decreasing amount of waste since 1995. This is due to <strong>the</strong> time lag of emissions from <strong>the</strong> deposited waste calculated by <strong>the</strong> model. In Annex 3.E fur<strong>the</strong>r details on <strong>the</strong> model for CH 4 emission from solid deposited waste are given. 8.2.3 Uncertainties and time-series consistency 8.2.3.1 Uncertainty The parameters considered in <strong>the</strong> uncertainty analyses and <strong>the</strong> estimated uncertainties of <strong>the</strong> parameters are shown in Table 8.9. The reference is GPG page 5.12, Table 5.2. For all uncertainties symmetric values based on maximum numeric values are estimated as <strong>the</strong> uncertainties for <strong>the</strong> inventory is a Tier 1 approach to be summed up in <strong>the</strong> GPG Table 6.1. Uncertainties are estimated on parameters, which are mostly used in factors for multiplication, so that <strong>the</strong> final uncertainty is estimated with Equation 6.4. in GPG. As regards <strong>the</strong> uncertainty given in <strong>the</strong> GPG for <strong>the</strong> methane generation constant, k, (-40%, +300%) this uncertainty can not be included in simple equations for <strong>the</strong> total uncertainties like GPG Equations 6.3 and 6.4. The reason is that k is a parameter in <strong>the</strong> exponential function for <strong>the</strong> formula for emission estimates. The FOD model has <strong>the</strong>refore been run with <strong>the</strong> k-values representing those uncertainties (-40%: k=0,0416 (Half-life time 16 years), +300%: k=0,2079 (Half-life time 3.33 years) as compared to <strong>the</strong> k=0,069 (Half-life time 10 years) used. Based on <strong>the</strong>se runs on <strong>the</strong> actual poten- 195
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National Environmental Research Ins
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National Environmental Research Ins
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Contents Executive summary 9 ES.1.
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4.3 Chemical industry (2B) 122 4.3.
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8.3.6 Recalculations 209 8.3.7 Plan
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Executive summary ES.1. Background
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electricity. Also lower outdoor tem
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• The GHG emission inventories fo
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effekten af de forskellige drivhusg
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Som beskrevet i rapportens kapitel
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1 Introduction 1.1 Background infor
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The role of the European Union The
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Table 1.1 List of current data stru
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1.4 Brief general description of me
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1A2f (Industry-other), 1A3a (Civil
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is calculated. It is found that tha
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(see the reference list at Chapter
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1 Quality control (QC) Quality plan
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The different CCP’s are not indep
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When new data are introduced they c
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Inventory report for year 3 Invento
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The uncertainty on N 2 O from stati
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1.8 General assessment of the compl
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2 Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emission
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to change in traditional stable sys
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from national fishing and off-road
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3 Energy (CRF sector 1) 3.1 Overvie
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Table 3.3 CH 4 emission from the en
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Fuel consumption time-series for st
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Degree days Fuel consumption adjust
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Table 3.7 CO 2 emission from subsec
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The CH 4 emission from stationary c
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3.2.1.3.4 SO , NO , NMVOC and CO 2
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The fuel consumption of area source
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Table 3.12 CH 4 emission factors 19
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− Gruijthuijsen & Jensen 2000 −
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ues from Pulles & Aardenne 2001. Th
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• Disaggregation of fuel consumpt
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3.3.1.1 Fuel consumption Table 3.18
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3-@ 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 19
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1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 198
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Table 3.19 Emissions of CO 2 , CH 4
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Passenger cars 56% Passenger cars 8
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WRQV@ 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1985 19
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70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000
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The NO X emission trend for Agricul
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Bunkers The most important emission
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à à à à à Ã
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age the emissions from catalyst car
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Where S C is the soak emission, l t
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3.3.2.2 Methodologies and reference
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Table 3.26 Fuel specific emission f
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Where E = emission, FC = fuel consu
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For non-road machinery and working
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Emission factors The Danish greenho
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A comparison of the national approa
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( , 4 = = ( ; 4 + ( , 4 −2
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In the 1990-1999 inventories fugiti
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Table 3.38 Uncertainty, CRF sector
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4 Industrial processes (CRF Sector
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The time-series for emission of CO
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4.2.5 Recalculations No source spec
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4.4 Metal production (2C) 4.4.1 Sou
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Table 4.8 Consumption of HFCs in fo
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The potential emissions have been c
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cedure consisted of a check of the
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Danish Environmental Protection Age
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Table 5.1 Emission of chemicals in
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5.2.2 Methodological issues The emi
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(ii) Collection of data for quantif
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6 The emission of greenhouse gases
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Table 6.2 List of institutes involv
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− Fuel consumption for transport.
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tricity trade, fuel consumption and
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Figure 3A-6 depicts the time-series
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1A4a Commercial / Institutional 2%
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CO 2 [Tg] 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1990
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Other stationary combustion plants
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1A4a Commercial / Institutional 2%
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only accounted for a small portion
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Electricity and heat production is
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The use of wood in residential boil
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straw consumption in residential pl
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• The IPCC reference approach val
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Table 3A-21 Key sources, stationary
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emission are N 2 O emission (all pl
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enewable fuels has increased. The D
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Jørgensen, L. & Johansen, L. P. 20
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Appendix 3A-1 The Danish emission i
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030203 Blast furnace cowpers 1A2a 0
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Table 3A-28 Detailed fuel consumpti
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1A2f 118 SEWAGE SLUDGE 030311 40162
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Appendix 3A-4 Emission factors Tabl
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Table 3A-33 N 2 O emission factors
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7. Bjerrum M., 2002. Danish Technol
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NOX NATURAL GAS 010105 1A1a 276 241
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019 Enstedvaerket 04 010101 204 GAS
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Table 3A-39 Large point sources, pl
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Appendix 3A-6 Uncertainty estimates
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Table 3A-42 Uncertainty estimation,
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Table 3A-47 Uncertainty estimation,
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Table 3A-49 Fuel category correspon
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Appendix 3A-9 Reference approach Ã
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Table 3A-51 Fuel category correspon
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20201 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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Passenger Cars Diesel >2.0 l Euro I
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Passenger Cars Gasoline 2.0 l Euro
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Buses Urban Buses Conventional 0 19
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Sector Subsector Tech FYear LYear 1
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Sector Subsector Tech FYear LYear 1
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Sector Subsector Tech FYear LYear 1
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Sector Subsector Tech FCu FCr FCh C
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Sector Subsector Tech COu COr COh N
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Sector Subsector Tech COuR COrR COh
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Annex 3B-5: Fuel use factors (MJ/km
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2-wheelers 1999 1.195 1.264 1.578 8
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2-wheelers 1991 6.249 4.379 2.011 6
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2002 Heavy Duty Vehicles 37849451 8
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Annex 3B-7: COPERT III:DEA statisti
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0808 Excavators (wheel type) 1000 1
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0808 Forklifts 5-10 tons (diesel) 0
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0809 Trimmers 60000 0.8 0.5 15 10 1
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1990 80502 Air traffic. other airpo
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2003 80403 Fishing Kerosene 731 4.6
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Year Category Mode SO2 NOx NMVOC CH
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Pollutant CRF ID Unit 1985 1986 198
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Pollutant CRF ID Unit 1985 1986 198
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Uncertainty estimation, CH 4 Gas Ba
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Uncertainty estimation, N 2 O IPCC
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Table. Production of Lime/Hydrated
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Suckling cattle 170.2 Swine Average
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7DEOH 'HWDLOHG LQIRUPDWLRQ UHODWHG
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7DEOH &KDQJHV LQ VWDEOH W\SH ± Liv
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Pullet, consumption, floor (100 pcs
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Annex 3E Solid Waste Disposal on La
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B = Biological N = Nitrification (r
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Table 3E.7. Stabilisation of sludge
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in Table 3E.9. Table 3E.9 Gross emi
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5HFRYHUHG &+ Ã HPLVVLRQV >*J@ 14.
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Annex 3F Solvents National Atmosphe
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83 1-ethyl-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexa
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191 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane 192 2
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299 acetaldehyde 300 acetic acid 30
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407 cyclopentane 408 cyclopenta-phe
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515 methyl naphthalenes 516 methyl
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624 trans-3-hexene 625 trialkyl pho
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Annex 5 Assessment of completeness
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Annex 6.1 Annex 6.1. Additional inf
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Table A6.1.2 ÃÃÃÃ Kingdom DK Ã
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Table A6.1.4 ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃ Kin
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Annex 6.2 Additional information to
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Annex 7 Table 6.1 and 6.2 of the IP
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Annex 8 Other annexes - (Any other
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PM 2.2: An explicit description in
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Correctness The data at level 3 has
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Level 6 Transparency The background
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Table A9.1 ÃÃÃÃ Denmark ÃÃÃ
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Table A9.3 ÃÃÃÃ Denmark ÃÃÃ