Denmark's National Inventory Report 2005 - Submitted under the ...

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creasing use of gas engines in the decentralised cogeneration plants. The CO 2 emission from the transport sector has increased by 22% since 1990 mainly due to increasing road traffic. Agriculture The agricultural sector contributes by 14% of the total greenhouse gas emission in CO 2 - equivalents and is one of the most important sectors regarding the emissions of N 2 O and CH 4 and in 2003 the contributions to the total emissions were 78% and 62 %, respectively. The N 2 O emission has decreased by 31% and the CH 4 emissions by 4% from 1990 to 2003. Industrial processes The emissions from industrial process – i.e. emissions from processes other than fuel combustion amount to 3% of the total emissions in CO 2 equivalents. The main sources are cement production, nitric acid production, refrigeration, foam blowing and calcination of limestone. The CO 2 emission from cement production – which is the largest source contributing with 2.6% of the national totals – increased by 55% from 1990 to 2003. The second largest source is N 2 O from production of nitric acid. The N 2 O emission from this production decreased by 14% from 1990 to 2003. Waste Waste disposal is the third largest source to CH 4 emission. The emission has decreased by 14% from 1990 to 2003 where the contribution was 20% of the total CH 4 emission. The decrease is due to an increasing use of waste for power and heat production. Since all incinerated waste is used for power and heat production, the emissions are included in the 1A1a IPCC category. For the first time the CH 4 emissions from wastewater handling are included in the inventory. The emission from this sector amounts to about 4% of the total CH 4 emissions. Forest The annual C stock change for forest land remaining forest land in 2003 is slightly lower compared to that of 2002 as the harvested amount of wood was slightly higher in 2003 than in 2002. The C sequestration in afforested stands increased again in 2003 and will continue to do so over the coming decades due to i) increasing growth rates as afforested stands grow older and ii) an increasing total area of afforested stands. Soil Inclusion of emission estimates from land use and land use change (excluding forestry) in the inventory results in an increased emission in the base year (1990) of 3000 Gg CO 2 -eqv. This is mainly due to the inclusion of organic soils, which are responsible for 2400 Gg CO 2 eqv. In 2003 the net emission is estimated to 2400 Gg CO 2 -eqv. or a 20% reduction. This is mainly due to a reduction in liming (300 Gg CO 2 -eqv.), a reduced cropland area with organic soils (150 Gg CO 2 -eqv.) and establishment of shelterbelts on cropland (150 Gg CO 2 -eqv.). Reestablishment of wetlands on cropland is responsible for the increase in carbon stock in wetlands and for part of the reduction in cropland and grassland. The trend between 1990 and 2003 is assumed to satisfactorily describe the Danish emission from the mentioned sources, however the emission estimates from mineral soils still need to be incorporated. 2.4 Description and interpretation of emission trends for indirect greenhouse gases and SO 2 NO X The three largest sources to emissions of NO X are combustion in energy industries (mainly public power and district heating plants), road transport and other mobile sources. The transport sector is the sector contributing the most to the emission of NO X and in 2003 37% of the Danish emissions of NO X stem from road transport, national navigation, railways and civil aviation. Also emissions 48
from national fishing and off-road vehicles contribute significantly to the NO X emission. For nonindustrial combustion plants the main sources are combustion of gas oil, natural gas and wood in residential plants. The emissions from public power plants and district heating plants have decreased by 47% from 1985 to 2003. In the same period the total emission has decreased by 32%. The reduction is due to increasing use of catalyst cars and installation of low-NO X -burners and denitrifying units on power and district heating plants. Other sectors 19% Fugitive emissions from fuels 1% Transport 37% Industrial Processes 0% Energy industries 31% Manufacturing industries and Construction 12% NOx emissions (tonne 350000 300000 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000 0 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 Energy industries Manufacturing industries and Construction Transport Other sectors Figure 2.6. NO X emissions. Distribution on the main sectors (2003) and time-series for 1990 to 2003. CO Even though catalyst cars were introduced in 1990, road transport still has the dominant share of the total CO emission. Also other mobile sources and non-industrial combustion plants contribute significantly to the total emission of this pollutant. The drop in the emissions seen in 1990 was a consequence of a law forbidding burning of agricultural waste on fields. The emission decreased by 23% from 1990 to 2003 mainly because of decreasing emissions from road transportation. Fugitive emissions from fuels 5% Other sectors 39% Energy industries 2% Manufacturing industries and Construction 4% Transport 50% CO emissions (tonnes 1200000 1000000 800000 600000 400000 200000 0 1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 Total 2004 Transport Other sectors Agriculture Figure 2.7. CO emissions. Distribution on the main sectors (2003) and time-series for 1990 to 2003. NMVOC The emissions of NMVOC originate from many different sources and can be divided into two main groups: Incomplete combustion and evaporation. The main sources to NMVOC emissions from incomplete combustion processes are road vehicles and other mobile sources such as national navigation vessels and off-road machinery. Road transportation vehicles are still the main contributors even though the emissions have declined since the introduction of catalyst cars in 1990. The evaporative emissions mainly originate from the use of solvents. The emissions from energy industries have increased during the nineties because of increasing use of stationary gas engines, which have much higher emissions of NMVOC than conventional boilers. The total anthropogenic emissions have decreased by 39% from 1985 to 2003 mainly due to an increasing use of catalyst cars and reduced emissions from use of solvents. Total 49
Page 1 and 2: National Environmental Research Ins
Page 3 and 4: National Environmental Research Ins
Page 5 and 6: Contents Executive summary 9 ES.1.
Page 7 and 8: 4.3 Chemical industry (2B) 122 4.3.
Page 9 and 10: 8.3.6 Recalculations 209 8.3.7 Plan
Page 11 and 12: Executive summary ES.1. Background
Page 13 and 14: electricity. Also lower outdoor tem
Page 15 and 16: • The GHG emission inventories fo
Page 17 and 18: effekten af de forskellige drivhusg
Page 19 and 20: Som beskrevet i rapportens kapitel
Page 21 and 22: 1 Introduction 1.1 Background infor
Page 23 and 24: The role of the European Union The
Page 25 and 26: Table 1.1 List of current data stru
Page 27 and 28: 1.4 Brief general description of me
Page 29 and 30: 1A2f (Industry-other), 1A3a (Civil
Page 31 and 32: is calculated. It is found that tha
Page 33 and 34: (see the reference list at Chapter
Page 35 and 36: 1 Quality control (QC) Quality plan
Page 37 and 38: The different CCP’s are not indep
Page 39 and 40: When new data are introduced they c
Page 41 and 42: Inventory report for year 3 Invento
Page 43 and 44: The uncertainty on N 2 O from stati
Page 45 and 46: 1.8 General assessment of the compl
Page 47 and 48: 2 Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emission
Page 49: to change in traditional stable sys
Page 53 and 54: 3 Energy (CRF sector 1) 3.1 Overvie
Page 55 and 56: Table 3.3 CH 4 emission from the en
Page 57 and 58: Fuel consumption time-series for st
Page 59 and 60: Degree days Fuel consumption adjust
Page 61 and 62: Table 3.7 CO 2 emission from subsec
Page 63 and 64: The CH 4 emission from stationary c
Page 65 and 66: 3.2.1.3.4 SO , NO , NMVOC and CO 2
Page 67 and 68: The fuel consumption of area source
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.12 CH 4 emission factors 19
Page 71 and 72: − Gruijthuijsen & Jensen 2000 −
Page 73 and 74: ues from Pulles & Aardenne 2001. Th
Page 75 and 76: • Disaggregation of fuel consumpt
Page 77 and 78: 3.3.1.1 Fuel consumption Table 3.18
Page 79 and 80: 3-@ 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 19
Page 81 and 82: 1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 198
Page 83 and 84: Table 3.19 Emissions of CO 2 , CH 4
Page 85 and 86: Passenger cars 56% Passenger cars 8
Page 87 and 88: WRQV@ 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1985 19
Page 89 and 90: 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000
Page 91 and 92: The NO X emission trend for Agricul
Page 93 and 94: Bunkers The most important emission
Page 95 and 96: Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã
Page 97 and 98: age the emissions from catalyst car
Page 99 and 100: Where S C is the soak emission, l t
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3.3.2.2 Methodologies and reference
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Table 3.26 Fuel specific emission f
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Where E = emission, FC = fuel consu
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For non-road machinery and working
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Emission factors The Danish greenho
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A comparison of the national approa
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( , 4 = = ( ; 4 + ( , 4 −2
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In the 1990-1999 inventories fugiti
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Table 3.38 Uncertainty, CRF sector
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4 Industrial processes (CRF Sector
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The time-series for emission of CO
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4.2.5 Recalculations No source spec
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4.4 Metal production (2C) 4.4.1 Sou
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Table 4.8 Consumption of HFCs in fo
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The potential emissions have been c
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cedure consisted of a check of the
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Danish Environmental Protection Age
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Table 5.1 Emission of chemicals in
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5.2.2 Methodological issues The emi
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(ii) Collection of data for quantif
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6 The emission of greenhouse gases
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Table 6.2 List of institutes involv
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NERI receives the data from differe
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approximately 6%, which nearly corr
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6.3.2 Methodological issues 6.3.2.1
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Table 6.11 Nitrogen excretion, annu
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Table 6.14 Emissions factor - N 2 O
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153
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Table 6.20 Emissions from crop resi
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Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã 80
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6.5 NMVOC emission Less than 1% of
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• This years data delivery agreem
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Husted, 1994: Waste Management, Sea
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7 The Specific methodologies regard
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In 1990, the forested area with tre
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inventory will be quite similar to
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Table 7.4 Data on gross uptake of C
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place during the first 30 years fol
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7.2.5 Recalculations Since the subm
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Table 7.8 Agricultural areas in Den
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7.3.2.1 Emission from mineral soils
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Table 7.17 C-emission from organic
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Table 7.19 Area classification of t
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The LULUCF sector contributes to a
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Schöne, D. and Schulte, A. (1999).
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Table A2.3 ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃ
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As a result the sectoral total in C
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Since, the Danish SWDSs are well-ma
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Table 8.8. Amounts of waste and CH
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Combustible” and “Other not Com
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which disaggregation level that can
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tion, technical upgrades of the WWT
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assuming that the treatment is 100%
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intermediate of both processes. Dan
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Table 8.19. Uncertainties for main
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In general country-specific TOW val
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Danish Environmental Protection Age
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9 Other (CRF sector 7) Chapter 9 is
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Table 10.1 Recalculation performed
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Table 10.2. Recalculation performed
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For the Industrial Sector uncertain
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Annex 1 Key source analyses Descrip
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7KH UHVXOW RI WKH NH\ VRXUFH DQDO\V
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7DEOHV $ ± $ RI WKH *RRG 3UDFWLFH
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Table 3. Key source analysis 1990-2
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Annex 3 Other detailed methodologic
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1 Introduction The Danish atmospher
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Stationary combustion plants are in
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Emissions from non-energy use of fu
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Coke oven coke The emission factor
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Kerosene The emission factor 72 kg/
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Illerup 2003. The estimated emissio
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The emission factor for CHP plants
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− Fuel consumption for transport.
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tricity trade, fuel consumption and
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Figure 3A-6 depicts the time-series
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1A4a Commercial / Institutional 2%
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CO 2 [Tg] 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1990
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Other stationary combustion plants
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1A4a Commercial / Institutional 2%
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only accounted for a small portion
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Electricity and heat production is
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The use of wood in residential boil
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straw consumption in residential pl
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• The IPCC reference approach val
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Table 3A-21 Key sources, stationary
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emission are N 2 O emission (all pl
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enewable fuels has increased. The D
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Jørgensen, L. & Johansen, L. P. 20
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Appendix 3A-1 The Danish emission i
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030203 Blast furnace cowpers 1A2a 0
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Table 3A-28 Detailed fuel consumpti
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1A2f 118 SEWAGE SLUDGE 030311 40162
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Appendix 3A-4 Emission factors Tabl
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Table 3A-33 N 2 O emission factors
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7. Bjerrum M., 2002. Danish Technol
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NOX NATURAL GAS 010105 1A1a 276 241
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019 Enstedvaerket 04 010101 204 GAS
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Table 3A-39 Large point sources, pl
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Appendix 3A-6 Uncertainty estimates
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Table 3A-42 Uncertainty estimation,
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Table 3A-47 Uncertainty estimation,
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Table 3A-49 Fuel category correspon
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Appendix 3A-9 Reference approach Ã
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Table 3A-51 Fuel category correspon
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20201 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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Passenger Cars Diesel >2.0 l Euro I
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Passenger Cars Gasoline 2.0 l Euro
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Buses Urban Buses Conventional 0 19
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Sector Subsector Tech FYear LYear 1
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Sector Subsector Tech FCu FCr FCh C
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Sector Subsector Tech COu COr COh N
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Sector Subsector Tech COuR COrR COh
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Annex 3B-5: Fuel use factors (MJ/km
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2-wheelers 1999 1.195 1.264 1.578 8
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2-wheelers 1991 6.249 4.379 2.011 6
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2002 Heavy Duty Vehicles 37849451 8
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Annex 3B-7: COPERT III:DEA statisti
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0808 Excavators (wheel type) 1000 1
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0808 Forklifts 5-10 tons (diesel) 0
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0809 Trimmers 60000 0.8 0.5 15 10 1
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1990 80502 Air traffic. other airpo
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2003 80403 Fishing Kerosene 731 4.6
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Year Category Mode SO2 NOx NMVOC CH
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Pollutant CRF ID Unit 1985 1986 198
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Pollutant CRF ID Unit 1985 1986 198
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Uncertainty estimation, CH 4 Gas Ba
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Uncertainty estimation, N 2 O IPCC
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Table. Production of Lime/Hydrated
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Suckling cattle 170.2 Swine Average
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7DEOH 'HWDLOHG LQIRUPDWLRQ UHODWHG
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7DEOH &KDQJHV LQ VWDEOH W\SH ± Liv
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Pullet, consumption, floor (100 pcs
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Annex 3E Solid Waste Disposal on La
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B = Biological N = Nitrification (r
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Table 3E.7. Stabilisation of sludge
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in Table 3E.9. Table 3E.9 Gross emi
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5HFRYHUHG &+ Ã HPLVVLRQV >*J@ 14.
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Annex 3F Solvents National Atmosphe
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83 1-ethyl-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexa
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191 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane 192 2
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299 acetaldehyde 300 acetic acid 30
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407 cyclopentane 408 cyclopenta-phe
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515 methyl naphthalenes 516 methyl
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624 trans-3-hexene 625 trialkyl pho
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Annex 5 Assessment of completeness
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Annex 6.1 Annex 6.1. Additional inf
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Table A6.1.2 ÃÃÃÃ Kingdom DK Ã
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Table A6.1.4 ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃ Kin
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Annex 6.2 Additional information to
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Annex 7 Table 6.1 and 6.2 of the IP
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Annex 8 Other annexes - (Any other
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PM 2.2: An explicit description in
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Correctness The data at level 3 has
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Level 6 Transparency The background
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Table A9.1 ÃÃÃÃ Denmark ÃÃÃ
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Table A9.3 ÃÃÃÃ Denmark ÃÃÃ
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