Denmark's National Inventory Report 2005 - Submitted under the ...

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9 Future improvements Some planned improvements of the emission inventories are discussed below. 1) Improved documentation for CO 2 emission factors The CO 2 emission factors applied for the Danish inventories are considered accurate, but documentation will be improved in future inventories. The documentation will be improved when the large plants start reporting CO 2 emission based on plant specific CO 2 emission factors (2006). 2) Improved documentation for other emission factors Reporting of and references for the applied emission factors have been improved in the current year and will be further developed in future inventories. 3) QA/QC and validation The QA/QC and validation of the inventories for stationary combustion will be implemented as part of the work that has been initiated for the Danish inventory as a whole. Implementation will start in 2005. 4) Uncertainty estimates Uncertainty estimates are based mainly on default uncertainty levels for activity rates and emission factors. More country-specific uncertainty estimates will be incorporated in future inventories. The uncertainty of the N 2 O emission factor from stationary combustion plants is a default value from the IPCC GPG. This uncertainty is a major uncertainty in the total Danish GHG inventory. Several of the applied N 2 O emission factors are, however, based on emission measurements on a considerable number of Danish plants, and thus the uncertainty is considered overestimated. A country specific uncertainty estimate for N 2 O will be estimated next year. 5) Other improvements − The criteria for including a plant as a point source should be defined and the list of plants updated annually. − White spirit will be dislocated to the fuel category Other oil in the IPCC reference approach. 10 Conclusion The annual Danish emission inventories are prepared and reported by NERI. The inventories are based on the Danish energy statistics and on a set of emission factors for various sectors, technologies and fuels. Plant-specific emissions for large combustion sources are incorporated in the inventories. Since 1990 fuel consumption has increased by 25% - fossil fuel consumption, however, by only 18%. The use of coal has decreased whereas the use of natural gas and 272
enewable fuels has increased. The Danish fuel consumption fluctuates due to variation in the import/export of electricity from year to year. Stationary combustion plants account for 57% of the total Danish GHG emission. 70% of the Danish CO 2 emission originates from stationary combustion plants whereas stationary combustion plants account for 9% of the CH 4 emission and 5% of the N 2 O emission. Public power plants are the most important stationary combustion emission source for CO 2 , SO 2 and NO X . Lean-burn gas engines installed in decentralised CHP plants are the largest stationary combustion emission source for CH 4 . Furthermore, these plants are also a considerable emission source for NMVOC. Residential plants represent the most important stationary combustion source for CO and NMVOC. Wood combustion in residential plants is the predominant emission source. The greenhouse gas emission (GHG) development follows the CO 2 emission development closely. Both the CO 2 and the total GHG emission was higher in 2003 than in 1990, CO 2 by 10% and GHG by 11%. However fluctuations in the GHG emission level are great. The fluctuations in the time-series are a result of electricity import/export and of outdoor temperature variations from year to year. The CH 4 emission from stationary combustion has increased by a factor of 4,3 since 1990. This is a result of the considerable number of lean-burn gas engines installed in CHP plants in Denmark during this period. SO 2 emission from stationary combustion plants has decreased by 78% from 1995. The considerable emission decrease is mainly a result of the reduced emission from electricity and heat production due to installation of desulphurisation technology and the use of fuels with lower sulphur content. The NO X emission from stationary combustion plants has decreased by 23% since 1995. The reduced emission is mainly a result of the reduced emission from electricity and heat production. The fluctuations in the emission time-series follow fluctuations in electricity import/export. The uncertainty level of the Danish greenhouse gas emission from stationary combustion is estimated to be within a range of ±11% and the trend uncertainty within a range of ±1,7%-age points. The sources contributing the most to the uncertainty estimates are the N 2 O emission (all plants) and the CO 2 emission from coal combustion. References Andersen, M. A. 1996: Elkraft, personal communication letter 07-05-1996. Bech, N. 1999: Personal communication, letter 05-11-1999, Sjællandske Kraftværker, SK Energi. Berdowski, J.J.M., Veldt, C., Baas, J., Bloos, J.P.J. & Klein, A.E. 1995: Technical Paper to the OSPARCOM-HELCOM-UNECE Emission Inventory of heavy Metals and Persistent Organic Pollutants, TNO-report, TNO-MEP – R 95/247. 273
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National Environmental Research Ins
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National Environmental Research Ins
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Contents Executive summary 9 ES.1.
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4.3 Chemical industry (2B) 122 4.3.
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8.3.6 Recalculations 209 8.3.7 Plan
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Executive summary ES.1. Background
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electricity. Also lower outdoor tem
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• The GHG emission inventories fo
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effekten af de forskellige drivhusg
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Som beskrevet i rapportens kapitel
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1 Introduction 1.1 Background infor
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The role of the European Union The
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Table 1.1 List of current data stru
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1.4 Brief general description of me
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1A2f (Industry-other), 1A3a (Civil
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is calculated. It is found that tha
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(see the reference list at Chapter
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1 Quality control (QC) Quality plan
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The different CCP’s are not indep
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When new data are introduced they c
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Inventory report for year 3 Invento
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The uncertainty on N 2 O from stati
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1.8 General assessment of the compl
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2 Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emission
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to change in traditional stable sys
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from national fishing and off-road
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3 Energy (CRF sector 1) 3.1 Overvie
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Table 3.3 CH 4 emission from the en
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Fuel consumption time-series for st
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Degree days Fuel consumption adjust
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Table 3.7 CO 2 emission from subsec
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The CH 4 emission from stationary c
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3.2.1.3.4 SO , NO , NMVOC and CO 2
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The fuel consumption of area source
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Table 3.12 CH 4 emission factors 19
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− Gruijthuijsen & Jensen 2000 −
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ues from Pulles & Aardenne 2001. Th
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• Disaggregation of fuel consumpt
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3.3.1.1 Fuel consumption Table 3.18
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3-@ 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 19
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1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 198
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Table 3.19 Emissions of CO 2 , CH 4
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Passenger cars 56% Passenger cars 8
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WRQV@ 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1985 19
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70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000
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The NO X emission trend for Agricul
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Bunkers The most important emission
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Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã
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age the emissions from catalyst car
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Where S C is the soak emission, l t
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3.3.2.2 Methodologies and reference
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Table 3.26 Fuel specific emission f
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Where E = emission, FC = fuel consu
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For non-road machinery and working
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Emission factors The Danish greenho
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A comparison of the national approa
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( , 4 = = ( ; 4 + ( , 4 −2
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In the 1990-1999 inventories fugiti
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Table 3.38 Uncertainty, CRF sector
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4 Industrial processes (CRF Sector
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The time-series for emission of CO
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4.2.5 Recalculations No source spec
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4.4 Metal production (2C) 4.4.1 Sou
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Table 4.8 Consumption of HFCs in fo
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The potential emissions have been c
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cedure consisted of a check of the
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Danish Environmental Protection Age
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Table 5.1 Emission of chemicals in
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5.2.2 Methodological issues The emi
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(ii) Collection of data for quantif
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6 The emission of greenhouse gases
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Table 6.2 List of institutes involv
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NERI receives the data from differe
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approximately 6%, which nearly corr
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6.3.2 Methodological issues 6.3.2.1
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Table 6.11 Nitrogen excretion, annu
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Table 6.14 Emissions factor - N 2 O
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153
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Table 6.20 Emissions from crop resi
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Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã 80
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6.5 NMVOC emission Less than 1% of
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• This years data delivery agreem
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Husted, 1994: Waste Management, Sea
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7 The Specific methodologies regard
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In 1990, the forested area with tre
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inventory will be quite similar to
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Table 7.4 Data on gross uptake of C
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place during the first 30 years fol
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7.2.5 Recalculations Since the subm
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Table 7.8 Agricultural areas in Den
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7.3.2.1 Emission from mineral soils
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Table 7.17 C-emission from organic
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Table 7.19 Area classification of t
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The LULUCF sector contributes to a
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Schöne, D. and Schulte, A. (1999).
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Table A2.3 ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃ
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As a result the sectoral total in C
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Since, the Danish SWDSs are well-ma
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Table 8.8. Amounts of waste and CH
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Combustible” and “Other not Com
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which disaggregation level that can
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tion, technical upgrades of the WWT
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assuming that the treatment is 100%
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intermediate of both processes. Dan
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Table 8.19. Uncertainties for main
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In general country-specific TOW val
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Danish Environmental Protection Age
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9 Other (CRF sector 7) Chapter 9 is
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Table 10.1 Recalculation performed
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Table 10.2. Recalculation performed
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For the Industrial Sector uncertain
Page 223 and 224: Annex 1 Key source analyses Descrip
Page 225 and 226: 7KH UHVXOW RI WKH NH\ VRXUFH DQDO\V
Page 227 and 228: 7DEOHV $ ± $ RI WKH *RRG 3UDFWLFH
Page 229 and 230: Table 3. Key source analysis 1990-2
Page 231 and 232: Annex 3 Other detailed methodologic
Page 233 and 234: 1 Introduction The Danish atmospher
Page 235 and 236: Stationary combustion plants are in
Page 237 and 238: Emissions from non-energy use of fu
Page 239 and 240: Coke oven coke The emission factor
Page 241 and 242: Kerosene The emission factor 72 kg/
Page 243 and 244: Illerup 2003. The estimated emissio
Page 245 and 246: The emission factor for CHP plants
Page 247 and 248: − Fuel consumption for transport.
Page 249 and 250: tricity trade, fuel consumption and
Page 251 and 252: Figure 3A-6 depicts the time-series
Page 253 and 254: 1A4a Commercial / Institutional 2%
Page 255 and 256: CO 2 [Tg] 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1990
Page 257 and 258: Other stationary combustion plants
Page 259 and 260: 1A4a Commercial / Institutional 2%
Page 261 and 262: only accounted for a small portion
Page 263 and 264: Electricity and heat production is
Page 265 and 266: The use of wood in residential boil
Page 267 and 268: straw consumption in residential pl
Page 269 and 270: • The IPCC reference approach val
Page 271 and 272: Table 3A-21 Key sources, stationary
Page 273: emission are N 2 O emission (all pl
Page 277 and 278: Jørgensen, L. & Johansen, L. P. 20
Page 279 and 280: Appendix 3A-1 The Danish emission i
Page 281 and 282: 030203 Blast furnace cowpers 1A2a 0
Page 283 and 284: Table 3A-28 Detailed fuel consumpti
Page 285 and 286: 1A2f 118 SEWAGE SLUDGE 030311 40162
Page 287 and 288: Appendix 3A-4 Emission factors Tabl
Page 289 and 290: Table 3A-33 N 2 O emission factors
Page 291 and 292: 7. Bjerrum M., 2002. Danish Technol
Page 293 and 294: NOX NATURAL GAS 010105 1A1a 276 241
Page 295 and 296: 019 Enstedvaerket 04 010101 204 GAS
Page 297 and 298: Table 3A-39 Large point sources, pl
Page 299 and 300: Appendix 3A-6 Uncertainty estimates
Page 301 and 302: Table 3A-42 Uncertainty estimation,
Page 303 and 304: Table 3A-47 Uncertainty estimation,
Page 305 and 306: Table 3A-49 Fuel category correspon
Page 307 and 308: Appendix 3A-9 Reference approach Ã
Page 309 and 310: Table 3A-51 Fuel category correspon
Page 311 and 312: 20201 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Page 313 and 314: Passenger Cars Diesel >2.0 l Euro I
Page 315 and 316: Passenger Cars Gasoline 2.0 l Euro
Page 317 and 318: Buses Urban Buses Conventional 0 19
Page 319 and 320: Sector Subsector Tech FYear LYear 1
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Sector Subsector Tech FCu FCr FCh C
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Sector Subsector Tech COu COr COh N
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Sector Subsector Tech COuR COrR COh
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Annex 3B-5: Fuel use factors (MJ/km
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2-wheelers 1999 1.195 1.264 1.578 8
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2-wheelers 1991 6.249 4.379 2.011 6
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2002 Heavy Duty Vehicles 37849451 8
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Annex 3B-7: COPERT III:DEA statisti
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0808 Excavators (wheel type) 1000 1
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0808 Forklifts 5-10 tons (diesel) 0
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0809 Trimmers 60000 0.8 0.5 15 10 1
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1990 80502 Air traffic. other airpo
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2003 80403 Fishing Kerosene 731 4.6
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Year Category Mode SO2 NOx NMVOC CH
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Pollutant CRF ID Unit 1985 1986 198
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Pollutant CRF ID Unit 1985 1986 198
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Uncertainty estimation, CH 4 Gas Ba
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Uncertainty estimation, N 2 O IPCC
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Table. Production of Lime/Hydrated
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Suckling cattle 170.2 Swine Average
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7DEOH 'HWDLOHG LQIRUPDWLRQ UHODWHG
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7DEOH &KDQJHV LQ VWDEOH W\SH ± Liv
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Pullet, consumption, floor (100 pcs
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Annex 3E Solid Waste Disposal on La
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B = Biological N = Nitrification (r
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Table 3E.7. Stabilisation of sludge
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in Table 3E.9. Table 3E.9 Gross emi
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5HFRYHUHG &+ Ã HPLVVLRQV >*J@ 14.
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Annex 3F Solvents National Atmosphe
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83 1-ethyl-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexa
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191 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane 192 2
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299 acetaldehyde 300 acetic acid 30
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407 cyclopentane 408 cyclopenta-phe
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515 methyl naphthalenes 516 methyl
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624 trans-3-hexene 625 trialkyl pho
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Annex 5 Assessment of completeness
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Annex 6.1 Annex 6.1. Additional inf
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Table A6.1.2 ÃÃÃÃ Kingdom DK Ã
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Table A6.1.4 ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃ Kin
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Annex 6.2 Additional information to
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Annex 7 Table 6.1 and 6.2 of the IP
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Annex 8 Other annexes - (Any other
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PM 2.2: An explicit description in
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Correctness The data at level 3 has
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Level 6 Transparency The background
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Table A9.1 ÃÃÃÃ Denmark ÃÃÃ
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Table A9.3 ÃÃÃÃ Denmark ÃÃÃ
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