Denmark's National Inventory Report 2005 - Submitted under the ...

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arbejdsrapport nr. 204/2005. Danmarks Miljøundersøgelser og Danmarks JordbrugsForskning. (In Danish). Pulles, T., Mareckova, K., Svetlik, J., Linek, M., and Skakala, J. (1999a): CollectER -Installation and User Guide, EEA Technical Report No 31. http://reports.eea.eu.int/binaryttech31pdf/en Pulles, T., Skakala, J., and Svetlik, J. (1999b): ReportER - User manual, EEA Technical Report 32, http://reports.eea.eu.int/binaryttech32pdf/en Ntziachristos, L., Samaras, Z. (2000): COPERT III Computer Programme to Calculate Emissions from Road Transport - Methodology and Emission Factors (Version 2.1). Technical report No 49. European Environment Agency, November 2000, Copenhagen. http://reports.eea.eu.int/Technical_report_No_49/en Richardson, S. (Ed) (1999): Atmospheric Emission Inventory Guidebook, Joint EMEP/CORINAIR, Second Edition. Vol. 1, 2 and 3. European Environment Agency http://reports.eea.eu.int/EMEPCORINAIR/en Statistics Denmark (2003): Agriculture Statistics 2003. Copenhagen. 327 pp. Copenhagen Denmark. Winther, M. (2001): 1998 Fuel Use and Emissions for Danish IFR Flights. Prepared by the National Environmental Research Institute, Denmark, for the Danish Environmetal Protection Agency. Environmental Project 628. 111 pp. Electronic report at the homepage of Danish EPA. http://www.mst.dk/homepage/default.asp?Sub=http://www.mst.dk/udgiv/Publications/2001 /87-7944-661-2/html/ 44
2 Trends in Greenhouse Gas Emissions 2.1 Description and interpretation of emission trends for aggregated greenhouse gas emissions Greenhouse Gas Emissions The greenhouse gas emissions are estimated according to the IPCC guidelines and are aggregated in seven main sectors. The greenhouse gases include CO 2 , CH 4 , N 2 O, HFCs, PFCs and SF 6 . Figure 2.1 shows the estimated total greenhouse gas emissions in CO 2 equivalents from 1990 to 2003. The emissions are not corrected for electricity trade or temperature variations. CO 2 is the most important greenhouse gas followed by N 2 O and CH 4 in relative importance. The contribution to national totals from HFCs, PFCs and SF 6 is about 1%. Stationary combustion plants, transport and agriculture are the largest sources. The net CO2 removals by forestry and soil (Land Use Change and Forestry (LUCF)) are about 2% of the total emissions in CO 2 equivalents in 2003. The national total greenhouse gas emissions in CO 2 equivalents without LUCF have increased by 6.8% from 1990 to 2003 and by 4.8% with LUCF. Industrial processes 3% Agriculture 14% Waste 2% Energy and transportation 81% 100.000 90.000 80.000 70.000 Ã 60.000 50.000 Ã 40.000 Ã 30.000 20.000 10.000 0 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 CO2 CH4 N2O HFC’s, PFC’s, SF6 Total Total without LUCF Figure 2.1. Greenhouse gas emissions in CO 2 equivalents distributed on main sectors for 2003. Left: Timeseries for 1990 to 2003. 2.2 Description and interpretation of emission trends by gas Carbon dioxide The largest source to the emission of CO 2 is the energy sector, which includes combustion of fossil fuels like oil, coal and natural gas (Figure 2.2). Public power and district heating plants contribute with more than half of the emissions. About 22% come from the transport sector. The CO 2 emission increased by about 9% from 2002 to 2003. The reason for this increase was mainly due to increasing export of electricity. Also lower outdoor temperature in 2003 compared with 2002 contributed to the increase. If the CO 2 emission is adjusted for climatic variations and electricity trade with other countries the CO 2 emission from combustion of fossil fuels has decreased by 14,9% since 1990. The decrease in CO 2 emissions is observed despite an almost constant gross energy consumption and an increase in the gross national product of 30%. This is due to change of fuel from coal to natural gas and renewable energy. As a result of the lower consumption of coal in recent years, the main 45
Page 1 and 2: National Environmental Research Ins
Page 3 and 4: National Environmental Research Ins
Page 5 and 6: Contents Executive summary 9 ES.1.
Page 7 and 8: 4.3 Chemical industry (2B) 122 4.3.
Page 9 and 10: 8.3.6 Recalculations 209 8.3.7 Plan
Page 11 and 12: Executive summary ES.1. Background
Page 13 and 14: electricity. Also lower outdoor tem
Page 15 and 16: • The GHG emission inventories fo
Page 17 and 18: effekten af de forskellige drivhusg
Page 19 and 20: Som beskrevet i rapportens kapitel
Page 21 and 22: 1 Introduction 1.1 Background infor
Page 23 and 24: The role of the European Union The
Page 25 and 26: Table 1.1 List of current data stru
Page 27 and 28: 1.4 Brief general description of me
Page 29 and 30: 1A2f (Industry-other), 1A3a (Civil
Page 31 and 32: is calculated. It is found that tha
Page 33 and 34: (see the reference list at Chapter
Page 35 and 36: 1 Quality control (QC) Quality plan
Page 37 and 38: The different CCP’s are not indep
Page 39 and 40: When new data are introduced they c
Page 41 and 42: Inventory report for year 3 Invento
Page 43 and 44: The uncertainty on N 2 O from stati
Page 45: 1.8 General assessment of the compl
Page 49 and 50: to change in traditional stable sys
Page 51 and 52: from national fishing and off-road
Page 53 and 54: 3 Energy (CRF sector 1) 3.1 Overvie
Page 55 and 56: Table 3.3 CH 4 emission from the en
Page 57 and 58: Fuel consumption time-series for st
Page 59 and 60: Degree days Fuel consumption adjust
Page 61 and 62: Table 3.7 CO 2 emission from subsec
Page 63 and 64: The CH 4 emission from stationary c
Page 65 and 66: 3.2.1.3.4 SO , NO , NMVOC and CO 2
Page 67 and 68: The fuel consumption of area source
Page 69 and 70: Table 3.12 CH 4 emission factors 19
Page 71 and 72: − Gruijthuijsen & Jensen 2000 −
Page 73 and 74: ues from Pulles & Aardenne 2001. Th
Page 75 and 76: • Disaggregation of fuel consumpt
Page 77 and 78: 3.3.1.1 Fuel consumption Table 3.18
Page 79 and 80: 3-@ 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 19
Page 81 and 82: 1,4 1,2 1,0 0,8 0,6 0,4 0,2 0,0 198
Page 83 and 84: Table 3.19 Emissions of CO 2 , CH 4
Page 85 and 86: Passenger cars 56% Passenger cars 8
Page 87 and 88: WRQV@ 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 1985 19
Page 89 and 90: 70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000
Page 91 and 92: The NO X emission trend for Agricul
Page 93 and 94: Bunkers The most important emission
Page 95 and 96: Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã
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age the emissions from catalyst car
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Where S C is the soak emission, l t
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3.3.2.2 Methodologies and reference
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Table 3.26 Fuel specific emission f
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Where E = emission, FC = fuel consu
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For non-road machinery and working
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Emission factors The Danish greenho
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A comparison of the national approa
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( , 4 = = ( ; 4 + ( , 4 −2
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In the 1990-1999 inventories fugiti
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Table 3.38 Uncertainty, CRF sector
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4 Industrial processes (CRF Sector
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The time-series for emission of CO
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4.2.5 Recalculations No source spec
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4.4 Metal production (2C) 4.4.1 Sou
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Table 4.8 Consumption of HFCs in fo
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The potential emissions have been c
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cedure consisted of a check of the
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Danish Environmental Protection Age
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Table 5.1 Emission of chemicals in
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5.2.2 Methodological issues The emi
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(ii) Collection of data for quantif
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6 The emission of greenhouse gases
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Table 6.2 List of institutes involv
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NERI receives the data from differe
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approximately 6%, which nearly corr
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6.3.2 Methodological issues 6.3.2.1
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Table 6.11 Nitrogen excretion, annu
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Table 6.14 Emissions factor - N 2 O
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153
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Table 6.20 Emissions from crop resi
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Ã Ã Ã Ã Ã 80
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6.5 NMVOC emission Less than 1% of
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• This years data delivery agreem
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Husted, 1994: Waste Management, Sea
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7 The Specific methodologies regard
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In 1990, the forested area with tre
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inventory will be quite similar to
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Table 7.4 Data on gross uptake of C
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place during the first 30 years fol
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7.2.5 Recalculations Since the subm
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Table 7.8 Agricultural areas in Den
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7.3.2.1 Emission from mineral soils
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Table 7.17 C-emission from organic
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Table 7.19 Area classification of t
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The LULUCF sector contributes to a
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Schöne, D. and Schulte, A. (1999).
Page 191 and 192:
Table A2.3 ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃ
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As a result the sectoral total in C
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Since, the Danish SWDSs are well-ma
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Table 8.8. Amounts of waste and CH
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Combustible” and “Other not Com
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which disaggregation level that can
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tion, technical upgrades of the WWT
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assuming that the treatment is 100%
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intermediate of both processes. Dan
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Table 8.19. Uncertainties for main
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In general country-specific TOW val
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Danish Environmental Protection Age
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9 Other (CRF sector 7) Chapter 9 is
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Table 10.1 Recalculation performed
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Table 10.2. Recalculation performed
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For the Industrial Sector uncertain
Page 223 and 224:
Annex 1 Key source analyses Descrip
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7KH UHVXOW RI WKH NH\ VRXUFH DQDO\V
Page 227 and 228:
7DEOHV $ ± $ RI WKH *RRG 3UDFWLFH
Page 229 and 230:
Table 3. Key source analysis 1990-2
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Annex 3 Other detailed methodologic
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1 Introduction The Danish atmospher
Page 235 and 236:
Stationary combustion plants are in
Page 237 and 238:
Emissions from non-energy use of fu
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Coke oven coke The emission factor
Page 241 and 242:
Kerosene The emission factor 72 kg/
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Illerup 2003. The estimated emissio
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The emission factor for CHP plants
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− Fuel consumption for transport.
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tricity trade, fuel consumption and
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Figure 3A-6 depicts the time-series
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1A4a Commercial / Institutional 2%
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CO 2 [Tg] 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 1990
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Other stationary combustion plants
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1A4a Commercial / Institutional 2%
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only accounted for a small portion
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Electricity and heat production is
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The use of wood in residential boil
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straw consumption in residential pl
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• The IPCC reference approach val
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Table 3A-21 Key sources, stationary
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emission are N 2 O emission (all pl
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enewable fuels has increased. The D
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Jørgensen, L. & Johansen, L. P. 20
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Appendix 3A-1 The Danish emission i
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030203 Blast furnace cowpers 1A2a 0
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Table 3A-28 Detailed fuel consumpti
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1A2f 118 SEWAGE SLUDGE 030311 40162
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Appendix 3A-4 Emission factors Tabl
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Table 3A-33 N 2 O emission factors
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7. Bjerrum M., 2002. Danish Technol
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NOX NATURAL GAS 010105 1A1a 276 241
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019 Enstedvaerket 04 010101 204 GAS
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Table 3A-39 Large point sources, pl
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Appendix 3A-6 Uncertainty estimates
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Table 3A-42 Uncertainty estimation,
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Table 3A-47 Uncertainty estimation,
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Table 3A-49 Fuel category correspon
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Appendix 3A-9 Reference approach Ã
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Table 3A-51 Fuel category correspon
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20201 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
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Passenger Cars Diesel >2.0 l Euro I
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Passenger Cars Gasoline 2.0 l Euro
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Buses Urban Buses Conventional 0 19
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Sector Subsector Tech FYear LYear 1
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Page 323 and 324:
Page 325 and 326:
Sector Subsector Tech FCu FCr FCh C
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Sector Subsector Tech COu COr COh N
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Sector Subsector Tech COuR COrR COh
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Annex 3B-5: Fuel use factors (MJ/km
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2-wheelers 1999 1.195 1.264 1.578 8
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2-wheelers 1991 6.249 4.379 2.011 6
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2002 Heavy Duty Vehicles 37849451 8
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Annex 3B-7: COPERT III:DEA statisti
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0808 Excavators (wheel type) 1000 1
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0808 Forklifts 5-10 tons (diesel) 0
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0809 Trimmers 60000 0.8 0.5 15 10 1
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1990 80502 Air traffic. other airpo
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2003 80403 Fishing Kerosene 731 4.6
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Year Category Mode SO2 NOx NMVOC CH
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Pollutant CRF ID Unit 1985 1986 198
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Pollutant CRF ID Unit 1985 1986 198
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Uncertainty estimation, CH 4 Gas Ba
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Uncertainty estimation, N 2 O IPCC
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Table. Production of Lime/Hydrated
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Suckling cattle 170.2 Swine Average
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7DEOH 'HWDLOHG LQIRUPDWLRQ UHODWHG
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7DEOH &KDQJHV LQ VWDEOH W\SH ± Liv
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Pullet, consumption, floor (100 pcs
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Annex 3E Solid Waste Disposal on La
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B = Biological N = Nitrification (r
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Table 3E.7. Stabilisation of sludge
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in Table 3E.9. Table 3E.9 Gross emi
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5HFRYHUHG &+ Ã HPLVVLRQV >*J@ 14.
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Annex 3F Solvents National Atmosphe
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83 1-ethyl-2,2,6-trimethylcyclohexa
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191 2-methoxy-2-methylpropane 192 2
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299 acetaldehyde 300 acetic acid 30
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407 cyclopentane 408 cyclopenta-phe
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515 methyl naphthalenes 516 methyl
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624 trans-3-hexene 625 trialkyl pho
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Annex 5 Assessment of completeness
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Annex 6.1 Annex 6.1. Additional inf
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Table A6.1.2 ÃÃÃÃ Kingdom DK Ã
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Table A6.1.4 ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃ Kin
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Annex 6.2 Additional information to
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Annex 7 Table 6.1 and 6.2 of the IP
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Annex 8 Other annexes - (Any other
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PM 2.2: An explicit description in
Page 411 and 412:
Correctness The data at level 3 has
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Level 6 Transparency The background
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Table A9.1 ÃÃÃÃ Denmark ÃÃÃ
Page 417 and 418:
Table A9.3 ÃÃÃÃ Denmark ÃÃÃ
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