TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22 - Center for ...

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TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22—2002 Table 5.1 Gasoline Prices for Selected Countries, 1978–2001 Current dollars per gallon Average annual percentage change 1978a 1982a 1986a 1990b 1994b 1996b 2000b 2001b 1978–2001 1990–2001 China c c c c c 0.93 1.21 c c c India c c c 1.92 2.28 2.25 c c c c Japan 2.00 2.60 2.79 3.05 4.14 3.77 3.65 3.80 2.8% 2.0% France 2.15 2.56 2.58 3.40 3.31 4.41 4.01 3.68 2.4% 0.7% United Kingdom 1.22 2.42 2.07 2.55 2.86 3.47 5.13 4.63 6.0% 5.6% Germany 1.75 2.17 1.88 2.72 3.34 4.32 3.78 3.74 3.4% 2.9% Canada 0.69 1.37 1.31 1.92 1.57 1.80 2.04 2.01 4.8% 0.4% United States d 0.66 1.32 0.93 1.04 1.24 1.28 1.47 1.63 4.0% 4.2% Constant 2000 dollars e per gallon Average annual percentage change 1978 a 1982 a 1986 a 1990 b 1994 b 1996 b 2000 b 2001 b 1978–2001 1990–2001 China c c c c c 1.02 1.25 c c c India c c c 2.53 2.56 2.47 c c c c Japan 5.28 4.64 4.38 4.02 4.81 4.14 3.77 3.80 -1.4% -0.5% France 5.68 4.57 4.05 4.48 3.85 4.84 4.14 3.68 -1.9% -1.8% United Kingdom 3.22 4.32 3.25 3.36 3.32 3.81 5.30 4.63 1.6% 3.0% Germany 4.62 3.87 2.95 3.58 3.38 4.74 3.91 3.74 -0.9% 0.4% Canada 1.82 2.44 2.06 2.53 1.82 1.98 2.11 2.01 0.4% -2.1% United States d 1.74 2.36 1.46 1.37 1.44 1.40 1.52 1.63 -0.3% 1.6% Source: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual 2000, Washington, DC, May 2002, Table 7.2 and annual. (Additional resources: ww.eia.doe.gov) Note: Comparisons between prices and price trends in different countries require care. They are of limited validity because of fluctuations in exchange rates; differences in product quality, marketing practices, and market structures; and the extent to which the standard categories of sales are representative of total national sales for a given period. a Prices represent the retail prices (including taxes) for premium leaded gasoline. Prices are representative for each country based on quarterly data averaged for the year. b Regular gasoline. c Data are not available. d These estimates are for international comparisons only and do not necessarily correspond to gasoline price estimates in other sections of the book. e Adjusted by the U.S. Consumer Price Inflation Index. 5–2
In 2001more than seventy percent of the cost of gasoline in France, Germany, and the United Kingdom went for taxes. Of these countries, the U.S. has the lowest percentage of taxes. Figure 5.1. Gasoline Prices for Selected Countries, 1990 and 2001 Source: Table 5.1 and International Energy Agency, Energy Prices and Taxes, Fourth Quarter 2001, Paris, France, 2002. (Additional resources: www.iea.org) TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22—2002 5–3
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Center for Transportation Analysis
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Users of the Transportation Energy
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Ta
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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x TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) CHA
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xii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xvi TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK
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xviii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BO
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xx TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK:
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xxii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOO
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1-2 Although the world has consumed
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1-4 This table shows petroleum prod
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1-6 Figure 1.2. World Oil Reserves,
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1-8 This chart shows the volatility
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1-10 a First two quarters of 2001.
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1-12 Other parts of the world refin
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1-14 When crude oil and other hydro
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1-16 The U.S. share of the world’
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1-18 Transportation accounts for mo
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Source Chapter 2 Energy Summary Sta
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The Energy Information Administrati
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Oxygenates are blended with gasolin
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The 1999 data have been revised to
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About 22% of transportation energy
Page 52 and 53: The Federal Highway Administration
Page 54 and 55: Nearly all of the fuel ethanol used
Page 56 and 57: Great care should be taken when com
Page 58 and 59: Figure 2.3. Energy Intensities for
Page 60 and 61: Great care should be taken when com
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Page 64 and 65: Global Warming Potentials (GWP) wer
Page 66 and 67: Gases which contain carbon can be m
Page 68 and 69: The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
Page 70 and 71: GV: FRFG (btu/mile or grams/mile) T
Page 72 and 73: Source Chapter 4 Criteria Air Pollu
Page 74 and 75: The transportation sector accounted
Page 84 and 85: Historically, the transportation se
Page 86 and 87: Acronyms and Terms Used on Table 4.
Page 88 and 89: Table 4. 13 (Continued) Fuel-Cycle
Page 90 and 91: Table 4.14 Tier 2 Emission Standard
Page 92 and 93: TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
Page 94 and 95: Table 4.18 Federal Exhaust Emission
Page 100 and 101: California's Low-Emission Vehicle r
Page 106 and 107: 5-6 Though the cost of crude oil ce
Page 108 and 109: 5-8 The fuel prices shown here are
Page 110 and 111: 5-10 Table 5.7 State Taxes on Motor
Page 112 and 113: 5-12 As of January 2001, only five
Page 114 and 115: 5-14 In current dollars, import car
Page 118 and 119: 5-18 In 1999 there were 7.7 employe
Page 120 and 121: 5-20 Eleven percent of employed civ
Page 124 and 125: 6-4 VEHICLES IN USE Both the Federa
Page 126 and 127: 6-6 The line on this graph shows th
Page 128 and 129: 6-8 The trend of using two-axle, fo
Page 132 and 133: 6-12 The average age of trucks (cla
Page 140 and 141: 7-2 The Federal Highway Administrat
Page 142 and 143: 7-4 Because data on Class 2b trucks
Page 144 and 145: 7-6 In 2000, light trucks, which in
Page 146 and 147: 7-8 Light truck sales have more tha
Page 148 and 149: 7-10 This graph shows the emergence
Page 150 and 151: 7-12 Table 7.11 Sales-Weighted Engi
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7-14 The sales-weighted interior sp
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7-16 The average auto lost over 300
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7-18 The number of conventional ref
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7-20 The Corporate Average Fuel Eco
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7-22 Consumers must pay the Gas Guz
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7-24 Fuel Economy by Vehicle Speed
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7-26 The two earlier studies by the
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7-28 Of the tested vehicles, the 19
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7-30 The New York Test Cycle was de
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7-32 Researchers at Argonne Nationa
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7-34 Total traffic fatalities were
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7-36 In 2000, nearly 38% of all pas
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Source Chapter 8 Heavy Vehicles and
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Combination trucks include all truc
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Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey Th
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As expected, most light trucks trav
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In 1997 nearly 60% of all truck fle
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Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
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Industries covered by the 1997 Comm
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There are currently not many source
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9-2 Alternative Fuels The U.S. Depa
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9-4 Nearly 90% of private alternati
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9-6 This list includes public and p
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9-8 The Honda Insight, Civic Hybrid
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10-2 Significant changes have been
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10-4 The average length of service
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10-6 Table 10.5 Federal Government
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10-8 The Energy Policy Act of 1992
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11-2 Vehicle-miles are growing at a
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TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
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11-6 1995 Nationwide Personal Trans
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11-8 The 1995 NPTS data should be c
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11-10 Vans and sport utility vehicl
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11-12 Less than 27% of all househol
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11-14 Historically, the data from t
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11-16 According to the U.S. Census
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11-18 Sales of bicycles with wheel
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11-20 1995 American Travel Survey T
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11-22 Those with a household income
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12-4 In the early seventies, domest
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12-8 The Interstate Commerce Commis
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12-10 The “other” category, whi
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12-12 The National Railroad Passeng
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12-14 This table on transit rail op
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A-2 List of Abbreviations Used in A
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A-4 Motorcycles Buses DOT, FHWA, Hi
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A-6 Trucks Light Trucks: DOT, FHWA,
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A-8 Off-highway energy use Diesel:
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A-10 Domestic and International Air
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A-12 Recreational Boating: Fuel use
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A-14 Year Natural gas (million cubi
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A-16 Passenger: Commuter - APTA, 20
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A-18 Calculation of Million Barrels
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A-20 Motorcycles Number of vehicles
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A-22 Transit Number of vehicles, ve
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A-24 Light trucks Btu per vehicle-m
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A-26 Truck Freight Movement and Ene
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A-28 Automobiles Highway Vehicle St
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A-30 Then, the number of trucks in
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A-32 Sales - Domestic and import to
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A-34 Light Fleet Vehicle Travel Aut
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APPENDIX B CONVERSIONS A Note About
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Table B.2 Fuel Equivalents 1 millio
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Table B.5 Distance and Velocity Con
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FROM Horsepower Kilowatts Table B.8
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Table B.10 Fuel Efficiency Conversi
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Table B.12 Metric Units and Abbrevi
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APPENDIX C CENSUS DIVISIONS AND REG
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GLOSSARY Acceleration power - Measu
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Bunkering fuels - Fuels stored in s
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Crude oil imports - The volume of c
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volume. There are other fuels that
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Kerosene - A petroleum distillate i
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Natural gas, wet: The volume of nat
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of petroleum products, and the prim
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Sales period - October 1 of the pre
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Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey -
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I-2 Acquisitions Federal Fleet Vehi
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I-4 Average Annual Expenditures of
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I-6 Certificated Summary Statistics
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I-8 Consumption (continued) U.S. Ca
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I-10 Distance Long-Distance Trips b
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I-12 Emissions World Carbon Emissio
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I-14 Exhaust (continued) Federal Ex
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I-16 Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhou
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I-18 Tax Receipts from the Sale of
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I-20 Tonnage Statistics for Domesti
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I-22 Vehicle-Miles by Trip Purpose,
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I-24 Occupant Fatalities by Vehicle
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I-26 PM PMT Policy United States Pe
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I-28 Summary Statistics for Commute
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I-30 versus Sales-Weighted Fuel Eco
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I-32 Federal Exhaust Emission Certi
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I-34 Surveys Growth of Freight in t
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I-36 Trips Truck Household 1969, 19
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I-38 Vehicle-Miles by Trip Purpose,
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I-40 Weighted Sales-Weighted Engine
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