TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22 - Center for ...

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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation (GREET) Model The energy in greenhouse gas estimates of the most recent version (Beta Version 1.6) of the GREET model are displayed in the next table. The model estimates the full fuel-cycle emissions and energy use associated with various transportation fuels and advanced transportation technologies for light-duty vehicles. It calculates fuel-cycle emissions of three greenhouse gases (carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide) and five criteria pollutants (volatile organic compounds, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, and particulate matter measuring 10 microns or less). See Chapter 4 for the criteria pollutant data from GREET. The model also calculates the total fuel-cycle energy consumption, fossil fuel consumption, and petroleum consumption using various transportation fuels. The fuel cycles that are included in the GREET model are: • petroleum to conventional gasoline, reformulated gasoline, conventional diesel, reformulated diesel, liquefied petroleum gas, and electricity via residual oil; • natural gas to compressed natural gas, liquefied natural gas, liquefied petroleum gas, methanol, Fischer- Tropsch diesel, dimethyl ether, hydrogen, and electricity; • coal to electricity; • uranium to electricity; • renewable energy (hydropower, solar energy, and wind) to electricity; • corn, woody biomass, and herbaceous biomass to ethanol; • soybeans to biodiesel; and • landfill gases to methanol. For additional information about the GREET model, see GREET 1.5 – Transportation Fuel-Cycle Model, Volume 1: Methodology, Development, Use and Results, ANL/ESD-39, Vol. 1, August 1999, or contact: Michael Q. Wang Argonne National Laboratory 9700 South Cass Avenue, ES/362 Argonne, IL 60439-4815 phone: 630-252-2819 fax: 630-252-3443 email: mqwang@anl.gov GREET Web Site: http://www.transportation.anl.gov/ttrdc/greet/ A new version of GREET will be available soon. Check the web site for details. TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22—2002 3–7
3–8 Acronyms and Terms Used on Table 3.6 BD20 mixture of 20% biodiesel and 80% conventional diesel (by volume) CA California CH4 methane CIDI compression ignition, direct injection CIDIV compression ignition, direct injection vehicle CNG compressed natural gas CNGV compressed natural gas vehicle CO2 carbon dioxide DME dimethyl ether E90 mixture of 90% ethanol and 10% gasoline (by volume) EtOH ethanol EtOHV ethanol vehicle EV electric vehicle FCV fuel-cell vehicle FRFG Federal reformulated gasoline FT Fischer-Tropsch FTD Fischer-Tropsch diesel G.H2 gaseous hydrogen GC grid-connected (charge depleting) GGE gasoline gallon equivalent GHGs greenhouse gases GI grid-independent (charge sustaining) GV gasoline vehicle HEV hybrid electric vehicle L.H2 liquid hydrogen LS low-sulfur M90 mixture of 90% methanol and 10% gasoline by volume MeOH methanol MeOHV methanol vehicle N2O nitrous oxide NA North American NE northeast NG natural gas NNA non-North American SI spark ignition urban Emissions occurring within air quality control regions in the U.S. These regions have emission controls in place in order to meet or maintain air quality standards. US United States TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22—2002
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Center for Transportation Analysis
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Users of the Transportation Energy
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Ta
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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x TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) CHA
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xii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xvi TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK
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Page 24 and 25: 1-2 Although the world has consumed
Page 26 and 27: 1-4 This table shows petroleum prod
Page 28 and 29: 1-6 Figure 1.2. World Oil Reserves,
Page 30 and 31: 1-8 This chart shows the volatility
Page 32 and 33: 1-10 a First two quarters of 2001.
Page 34 and 35: 1-12 Other parts of the world refin
Page 36 and 37: 1-14 When crude oil and other hydro
Page 38 and 39: 1-16 The U.S. share of the world’
Page 40 and 41: 1-18 Transportation accounts for mo
Page 42 and 43: Source Chapter 2 Energy Summary Sta
Page 44 and 45: The Energy Information Administrati
Page 46 and 47: Oxygenates are blended with gasolin
Page 48 and 49: The 1999 data have been revised to
Page 50 and 51: About 22% of transportation energy
Page 52 and 53: The Federal Highway Administration
Page 54 and 55: Nearly all of the fuel ethanol used
Page 56 and 57: Great care should be taken when com
Page 58 and 59: Figure 2.3. Energy Intensities for
Page 60 and 61: Great care should be taken when com
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Page 64 and 65: Global Warming Potentials (GWP) wer
Page 66 and 67: Gases which contain carbon can be m
Page 70 and 71: GV: FRFG (btu/mile or grams/mile) T
Page 72 and 73: Source Chapter 4 Criteria Air Pollu
Page 74 and 75: The transportation sector accounted
Page 84 and 85: Historically, the transportation se
Page 86 and 87: Acronyms and Terms Used on Table 4.
Page 88 and 89: Table 4. 13 (Continued) Fuel-Cycle
Page 90 and 91: Table 4.14 Tier 2 Emission Standard
Page 92 and 93: TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
Page 94 and 95: Table 4.18 Federal Exhaust Emission
Page 100 and 101: California's Low-Emission Vehicle r
Page 106 and 107: 5-6 Though the cost of crude oil ce
Page 108 and 109: 5-8 The fuel prices shown here are
Page 110 and 111: 5-10 Table 5.7 State Taxes on Motor
Page 112 and 113: 5-12 As of January 2001, only five
Page 114 and 115: 5-14 In current dollars, import car
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5-18 In 1999 there were 7.7 employe
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5-20 Eleven percent of employed civ
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TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
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6-4 VEHICLES IN USE Both the Federa
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6-6 The line on this graph shows th
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6-8 The trend of using two-axle, fo
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6-12 The average age of trucks (cla
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7-2 The Federal Highway Administrat
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7-4 Because data on Class 2b trucks
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7-6 In 2000, light trucks, which in
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7-8 Light truck sales have more tha
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7-10 This graph shows the emergence
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7-12 Table 7.11 Sales-Weighted Engi
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7-14 The sales-weighted interior sp
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7-16 The average auto lost over 300
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7-18 The number of conventional ref
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7-20 The Corporate Average Fuel Eco
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7-22 Consumers must pay the Gas Guz
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7-24 Fuel Economy by Vehicle Speed
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7-26 The two earlier studies by the
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7-28 Of the tested vehicles, the 19
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7-30 The New York Test Cycle was de
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7-32 Researchers at Argonne Nationa
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7-34 Total traffic fatalities were
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7-36 In 2000, nearly 38% of all pas
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Source Chapter 8 Heavy Vehicles and
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Combination trucks include all truc
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Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey Th
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As expected, most light trucks trav
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In 1997 nearly 60% of all truck fle
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Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
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Industries covered by the 1997 Comm
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There are currently not many source
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9-2 Alternative Fuels The U.S. Depa
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9-4 Nearly 90% of private alternati
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9-6 This list includes public and p
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9-8 The Honda Insight, Civic Hybrid
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10-2 Significant changes have been
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10-4 The average length of service
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10-6 Table 10.5 Federal Government
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10-8 The Energy Policy Act of 1992
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11-2 Vehicle-miles are growing at a
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11-6 1995 Nationwide Personal Trans
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11-8 The 1995 NPTS data should be c
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11-10 Vans and sport utility vehicl
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11-12 Less than 27% of all househol
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11-14 Historically, the data from t
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11-16 According to the U.S. Census
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11-18 Sales of bicycles with wheel
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11-20 1995 American Travel Survey T
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11-22 Those with a household income
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12-4 In the early seventies, domest
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12-8 The Interstate Commerce Commis
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12-10 The “other” category, whi
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12-12 The National Railroad Passeng
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12-14 This table on transit rail op
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A-2 List of Abbreviations Used in A
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A-4 Motorcycles Buses DOT, FHWA, Hi
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A-6 Trucks Light Trucks: DOT, FHWA,
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A-8 Off-highway energy use Diesel:
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A-10 Domestic and International Air
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A-12 Recreational Boating: Fuel use
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A-14 Year Natural gas (million cubi
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A-16 Passenger: Commuter - APTA, 20
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A-18 Calculation of Million Barrels
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A-20 Motorcycles Number of vehicles
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A-22 Transit Number of vehicles, ve
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A-24 Light trucks Btu per vehicle-m
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A-26 Truck Freight Movement and Ene
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A-28 Automobiles Highway Vehicle St
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A-30 Then, the number of trucks in
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A-32 Sales - Domestic and import to
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A-34 Light Fleet Vehicle Travel Aut
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APPENDIX B CONVERSIONS A Note About
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Table B.2 Fuel Equivalents 1 millio
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Table B.5 Distance and Velocity Con
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FROM Horsepower Kilowatts Table B.8
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Table B.10 Fuel Efficiency Conversi
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Table B.12 Metric Units and Abbrevi
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APPENDIX C CENSUS DIVISIONS AND REG
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GLOSSARY Acceleration power - Measu
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Bunkering fuels - Fuels stored in s
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Crude oil imports - The volume of c
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volume. There are other fuels that
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Kerosene - A petroleum distillate i
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Natural gas, wet: The volume of nat
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of petroleum products, and the prim
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Sales period - October 1 of the pre
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Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey -
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I-2 Acquisitions Federal Fleet Vehi
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I-4 Average Annual Expenditures of
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I-6 Certificated Summary Statistics
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I-8 Consumption (continued) U.S. Ca
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I-10 Distance Long-Distance Trips b
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I-12 Emissions World Carbon Emissio
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I-14 Exhaust (continued) Federal Ex
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I-16 Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhou
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I-18 Tax Receipts from the Sale of
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I-20 Tonnage Statistics for Domesti
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I-22 Vehicle-Miles by Trip Purpose,
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I-24 Occupant Fatalities by Vehicle
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I-26 PM PMT Policy United States Pe
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I-28 Summary Statistics for Commute
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I-30 versus Sales-Weighted Fuel Eco
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I-32 Federal Exhaust Emission Certi
Page 346 and 347:
I-34 Surveys Growth of Freight in t
Page 348 and 349:
I-36 Trips Truck Household 1969, 19
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I-38 Vehicle-Miles by Trip Purpose,
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I-40 Weighted Sales-Weighted Engine
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