TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22 - Center for ...

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Source Chapter 4 Criteria Air Pollutants Summary Statistics from Tables in this Chapter Table 4.1 Transportation’s share of U.S. emissions, 1999 CO 78.6% NO X TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22—2002 53.4% VOC 43.5% PM-10 2.1% PM-2.5 7.6% SO 2 NH 3 Table 4.12 Transportation’s share of lead emissions 6.9% 5.4% 1970 82.3% 1999 12.8% Table 4.13 GREET model emissions PM-10 NO x Gasoline baseline (grams per mile) 0.047 0.256 Natural gas 190.8% -41.7% E90: corn ethanol 574.3% 151.2% E90: cellulosic ethanol 198.0% 389.0% EV: US mix 24.0% 11.6% Fuel cell: hydrogen, central plant, natural gas -36.7% -54.4% Fuel cell: hydrogen, central electrolysis, renewables -44.8% -58.8% Fuel cell: hydrogen, station electrolysis, US mix 191.2% 285.4% 4–1
4–2 Transportation accounts for the majority of carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide emissions. Highway vehicles are responsible for the largest share of transportation emissions. Table 4.1 Total National Emissions of the Criteria Air Pollutants by Sector, 1999 (millions of short tons/percentage) Sector CO NOx VOC PM-10 PM-2.5 SO2 NH3 Highway vehicles 49.99 8.59 5.30 0.30 0.23 0.36 0.26 55.9% 35.1% 29.6% 0.8% 2.7% 1.9% 5.2% Aircraft 1.00 0.16 0.18 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.00 1.1% 0.7% 1.0% 0.1% 0.3% 0.1% 0.1% Railroads 0.12 0.95 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.11 0.00 0.1% 3.9% 0.3% 0.1% 0.4% 0.6% 0.0% Vessels 0.14 1.00 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.27 0.00 0.2% 4.1% 0.2% 0.1% 0.5% 1.4% 0.0% Other off-highway 18.71 3.17 2.19 0.35 0.31 0.54 0.00 20.9% 13.0% 12.2% 1.0% 3.7% 2.9% 0.1% Transportation total 70.30 13.05 7.79 0.72 0.64 1.30 0.27 78.6% 53.4% 43.5% 2.1% 7.6% 6.9% 5.4% Stationary source fuel combustion 5.37 10.19 0.89 1.09 0.78 16.09 0.05 6.0% 41.7% 5.0% 3.1% 9.3% 85.3% 1.0% Industrial processes 3.71 0.80 8.02 0.71 0.38 1.43 0.20 4.1% 3.3% 44.8% 2.0% 4.6% 7.6% 4.0% Waste disposal and recycling total 1.15 0.10 0.43 0.31 0.24 0.04 0.09 1.3% 0.4% 2.4% 0.9% 2.8% 0.2% 1.8% Miscellaneous 8.92 0.33 0.79 31.92 6.35 0.01 4.36 10.0% 1.3% 4.4% 91.9% 75.8% 0.1% 87.8% Total of all sources 89.45 24.45 17.92 34.74 8.38 18.87 4.96 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% 100.0% Source: U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, National Emission Inventory Air Pollutant Emission Trends website www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/trends (Additional resources: www.epa.gov/oar/oaqps) Note: Detailed data tabulations for 2000 have not yet been released. Look for the 2000 Air Quality Trends Report on the EPA website: http://www.epa.gov/airtrends/reports.html. CO = Carbon monoxide. NO x = Nitrogen oxides. PM-10 = Particulate matter less than 10 microns. PM-2.5 = Particulate matter less than 2.5 microns. SO 2 = Sulfur dioxide. VOC = Volatile organic compounds. NH 3 = Ammonia. TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22—2002
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Center for Transportation Analysis
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Users of the Transportation Energy
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Ta
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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x TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) CHA
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xii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xvi TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK
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xviii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BO
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xx TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK:
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Page 24 and 25: 1-2 Although the world has consumed
Page 26 and 27: 1-4 This table shows petroleum prod
Page 28 and 29: 1-6 Figure 1.2. World Oil Reserves,
Page 30 and 31: 1-8 This chart shows the volatility
Page 32 and 33: 1-10 a First two quarters of 2001.
Page 34 and 35: 1-12 Other parts of the world refin
Page 36 and 37: 1-14 When crude oil and other hydro
Page 38 and 39: 1-16 The U.S. share of the world’
Page 40 and 41: 1-18 Transportation accounts for mo
Page 42 and 43: Source Chapter 2 Energy Summary Sta
Page 44 and 45: The Energy Information Administrati
Page 46 and 47: Oxygenates are blended with gasolin
Page 48 and 49: The 1999 data have been revised to
Page 50 and 51: About 22% of transportation energy
Page 52 and 53: The Federal Highway Administration
Page 54 and 55: Nearly all of the fuel ethanol used
Page 56 and 57: Great care should be taken when com
Page 58 and 59: Figure 2.3. Energy Intensities for
Page 60 and 61: Great care should be taken when com
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Page 64 and 65: Global Warming Potentials (GWP) wer
Page 66 and 67: Gases which contain carbon can be m
Page 68 and 69: The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
Page 70 and 71: GV: FRFG (btu/mile or grams/mile) T
Page 74 and 75: The transportation sector accounted
Page 84 and 85: Historically, the transportation se
Page 86 and 87: Acronyms and Terms Used on Table 4.
Page 88 and 89: Table 4. 13 (Continued) Fuel-Cycle
Page 90 and 91: Table 4.14 Tier 2 Emission Standard
Page 92 and 93: TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
Page 94 and 95: Table 4.18 Federal Exhaust Emission
Page 100 and 101: California's Low-Emission Vehicle r
Page 106 and 107: 5-6 Though the cost of crude oil ce
Page 108 and 109: 5-8 The fuel prices shown here are
Page 110 and 111: 5-10 Table 5.7 State Taxes on Motor
Page 112 and 113: 5-12 As of January 2001, only five
Page 114 and 115: 5-14 In current dollars, import car
Page 118 and 119: 5-18 In 1999 there were 7.7 employe
Page 120 and 121: 5-20 Eleven percent of employed civ
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TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
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6-4 VEHICLES IN USE Both the Federa
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6-6 The line on this graph shows th
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6-8 The trend of using two-axle, fo
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6-12 The average age of trucks (cla
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7-2 The Federal Highway Administrat
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7-4 Because data on Class 2b trucks
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7-6 In 2000, light trucks, which in
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7-8 Light truck sales have more tha
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7-10 This graph shows the emergence
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7-12 Table 7.11 Sales-Weighted Engi
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7-14 The sales-weighted interior sp
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7-16 The average auto lost over 300
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7-18 The number of conventional ref
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7-20 The Corporate Average Fuel Eco
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7-22 Consumers must pay the Gas Guz
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7-24 Fuel Economy by Vehicle Speed
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7-26 The two earlier studies by the
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7-28 Of the tested vehicles, the 19
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7-30 The New York Test Cycle was de
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7-32 Researchers at Argonne Nationa
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7-34 Total traffic fatalities were
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7-36 In 2000, nearly 38% of all pas
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Source Chapter 8 Heavy Vehicles and
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Combination trucks include all truc
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Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey Th
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As expected, most light trucks trav
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In 1997 nearly 60% of all truck fle
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Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
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Industries covered by the 1997 Comm
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There are currently not many source
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9-2 Alternative Fuels The U.S. Depa
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9-4 Nearly 90% of private alternati
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9-6 This list includes public and p
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9-8 The Honda Insight, Civic Hybrid
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10-2 Significant changes have been
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10-4 The average length of service
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10-6 Table 10.5 Federal Government
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10-8 The Energy Policy Act of 1992
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11-2 Vehicle-miles are growing at a
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11-6 1995 Nationwide Personal Trans
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11-8 The 1995 NPTS data should be c
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11-10 Vans and sport utility vehicl
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11-12 Less than 27% of all househol
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11-14 Historically, the data from t
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11-16 According to the U.S. Census
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11-18 Sales of bicycles with wheel
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11-20 1995 American Travel Survey T
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11-22 Those with a household income
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12-4 In the early seventies, domest
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12-8 The Interstate Commerce Commis
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12-10 The “other” category, whi
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12-12 The National Railroad Passeng
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12-14 This table on transit rail op
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A-2 List of Abbreviations Used in A
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A-4 Motorcycles Buses DOT, FHWA, Hi
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A-6 Trucks Light Trucks: DOT, FHWA,
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A-8 Off-highway energy use Diesel:
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A-10 Domestic and International Air
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A-12 Recreational Boating: Fuel use
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A-14 Year Natural gas (million cubi
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A-16 Passenger: Commuter - APTA, 20
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A-18 Calculation of Million Barrels
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A-20 Motorcycles Number of vehicles
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A-22 Transit Number of vehicles, ve
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A-24 Light trucks Btu per vehicle-m
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A-26 Truck Freight Movement and Ene
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A-28 Automobiles Highway Vehicle St
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A-30 Then, the number of trucks in
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A-32 Sales - Domestic and import to
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A-34 Light Fleet Vehicle Travel Aut
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APPENDIX B CONVERSIONS A Note About
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Table B.2 Fuel Equivalents 1 millio
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Table B.5 Distance and Velocity Con
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FROM Horsepower Kilowatts Table B.8
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Table B.10 Fuel Efficiency Conversi
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Table B.12 Metric Units and Abbrevi
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APPENDIX C CENSUS DIVISIONS AND REG
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GLOSSARY Acceleration power - Measu
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Bunkering fuels - Fuels stored in s
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Crude oil imports - The volume of c
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volume. There are other fuels that
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Kerosene - A petroleum distillate i
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Natural gas, wet: The volume of nat
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of petroleum products, and the prim
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Sales period - October 1 of the pre
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Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey -
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I-2 Acquisitions Federal Fleet Vehi
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I-4 Average Annual Expenditures of
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I-6 Certificated Summary Statistics
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I-8 Consumption (continued) U.S. Ca
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I-10 Distance Long-Distance Trips b
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I-12 Emissions World Carbon Emissio
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I-14 Exhaust (continued) Federal Ex
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I-16 Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhou
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I-18 Tax Receipts from the Sale of
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I-20 Tonnage Statistics for Domesti
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I-22 Vehicle-Miles by Trip Purpose,
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I-24 Occupant Fatalities by Vehicle
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I-26 PM PMT Policy United States Pe
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I-28 Summary Statistics for Commute
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I-30 versus Sales-Weighted Fuel Eco
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I-32 Federal Exhaust Emission Certi
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I-34 Surveys Growth of Freight in t
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I-36 Trips Truck Household 1969, 19
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I-38 Vehicle-Miles by Trip Purpose,
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I-40 Weighted Sales-Weighted Engine
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