TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22 - Center for ...

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TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22—2002 Transportation (18.8%) is second only to housing (31.1%) as the largest expenditure for the average household. In 2000, approximately 17.4% of transportation expenditures were for purchasing gasoline and motor oil. There is an average of two vehicles per household. All households Table 11.3 Average Annual Expenditures of Households by Income, 2000 a Less than $5,000 $5,000– $9999 $10,000– $14999 $15,000– $19,999 a Public assistance monies are included in reported income. Data for those reporting income. b Percentages may not sum to totals due to rounding. c Includes alcoholic beverages. d Includes personal care, reading, education, tobacco and smoking supplies, cash contributions, and miscellaneous items. e The term household refers to a “consumer unit,” which is defined differently than households on Table 11.1. Income before taxes $20,000– $29,999 $30,000– $39,999 $40,000– $49,999 $50,000– $69,999 $70,000 and over Total expenditures $40,238 $17,946 $15,703 $21,199 $24,331 $29,852 $35,609 $42,323 $49,245 $75,964 Percentage of total expendituresb Foodc 14.6% 15.9% 16.7% 15.1% 16.2% 16.1% 15.4% 15.6% 14.4% 12.4% Housing 31.1% 37.2% 35.4% 35.7% 32.9% 31.4% 31.2% 30.4% 30.3% 30.2% Apparel and services 5.0% 5.0% 5.4% 3.8% 4.8% 4.7% 4.7% 4.7% 4.8% 5.3% Transportation 18.8% 16.7% 16.5% 20.6% 19.1% 19.2% 20.5% 20.6% 19.6% 17.6% Vehicle purchases (net outlay) 8.6% 5.3% 7.5% 10.7% 8.7% 8.5% 9.5% 10.1% 9.0% 7.9% Gasoline and motor oil 3.3% 4.1% 3.3% 3.5% 3.8% 3.6% 3.8% 3.5% 3.5% 2.7% Other vehicle expenditures 5.8% 5.8% 4.6% 5.4% 5.5% 6.1% 6.2% 6.2% 6.2% 5.7% Public transportation 1.1% 1.4% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 1.0% 0.9% 1.0% 1.3% Health care 5.3% 5.5% 8.8% 9.0% 8.1% 6.8% 5.6% 5.1% 4.7% 3.8% Entertainment 4.9% 5.5% 4.1% 4.7% 3.7% 4.7% 4.7% 4.7% 5.1% 5.1% Personal Insurance & pensions 10.7% 1.8% 2.1% 2.8% 4.4% 6.4% 8.4% 10.2% 12.3% 15.6% Othersd 9.7% 12.4% 10.8% 8.1% 10.8% 10.8% 9.5% 8.7% 8.8% 10.0% Householdse (thousands) 81,454 3,627 7,183 8,037 6,677 12,039 9,477 7,653 11,337 15,424 Percentage of households 100% 4.5% 8.8% 9.9% 8.2% 14.8% 11.6% 9.4% 13.9% 18.9% Average number of vehicles in HH Source: 2.0 1.0 0.9 1.3 1.5 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.5 2.8 U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, web site: www.bls.gov/pub/special.requests/ce/share/2000/income.txt, February 2002. (Additional resources: www.bls.gov) 11–4
Household vehicle ownership shows a dramatic increase from 1960 to 1990. In 1960, nearly 79% of households owned less than two vehicles; by 1990, it declined to 45%. Census data prior to 1990 indicated that the majority of households owned one vehicle; in 1990 that changed to two vehicles. Table 11.4 Household Vehicle Ownership, 1960–2000 Census (percentage) No vehicles One vehicle Two vehicles Three or more vehicles a Estimates using Census Bureau data; these data on the total number of vehicles do not match the figures on Table 11.1. The figures on Table 11.1, from R.L. Polk and Company, are the preferred data. TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22—2002 Total vehicles a 1960 21.53% 56.94% 19.00% 2.53% 54,766,718 1970 17.47% 47.71% 29.32% 5.51% 79,002,052 1980 12.92% 35.53% 34.02% 17.52% 129,747,911 1990 11.53% 33.74% 37.35% 17.33% 152,380,479 2000 9.35% 33.79% 38.55% 18.31% 179,417,526 Source: U. S. Department of Transportation, Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, Journey-to- Work Trends in the United States and its Major Metropolitan Area, 1960–1990, Cambridge, MA, 1994, p. 2-2. 2000 data - U.S. Bureau of the Census, American Fact Finder, factfinder.census.gov, Table QT-04, August 2001. (Additional resources: www.census.gov) 11–5
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Center for Transportation Analysis
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Users of the Transportation Energy
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Ta
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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x TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) CHA
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xii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xvi TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK
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xviii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BO
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xx TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK:
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xxii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOO
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1-2 Although the world has consumed
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1-4 This table shows petroleum prod
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1-6 Figure 1.2. World Oil Reserves,
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1-8 This chart shows the volatility
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1-10 a First two quarters of 2001.
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1-12 Other parts of the world refin
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1-14 When crude oil and other hydro
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1-16 The U.S. share of the world’
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1-18 Transportation accounts for mo
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Source Chapter 2 Energy Summary Sta
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The Energy Information Administrati
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Oxygenates are blended with gasolin
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The 1999 data have been revised to
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About 22% of transportation energy
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Nearly all of the fuel ethanol used
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Great care should be taken when com
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Figure 2.3. Energy Intensities for
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Great care should be taken when com
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Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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Global Warming Potentials (GWP) wer
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Gases which contain carbon can be m
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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GV: FRFG (btu/mile or grams/mile) T
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Source Chapter 4 Criteria Air Pollu
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The transportation sector accounted
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Historically, the transportation se
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Acronyms and Terms Used on Table 4.
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Table 4. 13 (Continued) Fuel-Cycle
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Table 4.14 Tier 2 Emission Standard
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TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
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Table 4.18 Federal Exhaust Emission
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California's Low-Emission Vehicle r
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5-6 Though the cost of crude oil ce
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5-8 The fuel prices shown here are
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5-10 Table 5.7 State Taxes on Motor
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5-12 As of January 2001, only five
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5-14 In current dollars, import car
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5-18 In 1999 there were 7.7 employe
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5-20 Eleven percent of employed civ
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6-4 VEHICLES IN USE Both the Federa
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6-6 The line on this graph shows th
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6-8 The trend of using two-axle, fo
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6-12 The average age of trucks (cla
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7-2 The Federal Highway Administrat
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7-4 Because data on Class 2b trucks
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7-6 In 2000, light trucks, which in
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7-8 Light truck sales have more tha
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7-10 This graph shows the emergence
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7-12 Table 7.11 Sales-Weighted Engi
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7-14 The sales-weighted interior sp
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7-16 The average auto lost over 300
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7-18 The number of conventional ref
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7-20 The Corporate Average Fuel Eco
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Page 164 and 165: 7-26 The two earlier studies by the
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Page 168 and 169: 7-30 The New York Test Cycle was de
Page 170 and 171: 7-32 Researchers at Argonne Nationa
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Page 174 and 175: 7-36 In 2000, nearly 38% of all pas
Page 176 and 177: Source Chapter 8 Heavy Vehicles and
Page 178 and 179: Combination trucks include all truc
Page 180 and 181: Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey Th
Page 182 and 183: As expected, most light trucks trav
Page 184 and 185: In 1997 nearly 60% of all truck fle
Page 186 and 187: Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
Page 188 and 189: Industries covered by the 1997 Comm
Page 190 and 191: There are currently not many source
Page 192 and 193: 9-2 Alternative Fuels The U.S. Depa
Page 194 and 195: 9-4 Nearly 90% of private alternati
Page 196 and 197: 9-6 This list includes public and p
Page 198 and 199: 9-8 The Honda Insight, Civic Hybrid
Page 200 and 201: 10-2 Significant changes have been
Page 202 and 203: 10-4 The average length of service
Page 204 and 205: 10-6 Table 10.5 Federal Government
Page 206 and 207: 10-8 The Energy Policy Act of 1992
Page 208 and 209: 11-2 Vehicle-miles are growing at a
Page 212 and 213: 11-6 1995 Nationwide Personal Trans
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Page 216 and 217: 11-10 Vans and sport utility vehicl
Page 218 and 219: 11-12 Less than 27% of all househol
Page 220 and 221: 11-14 Historically, the data from t
Page 222 and 223: 11-16 According to the U.S. Census
Page 224 and 225: 11-18 Sales of bicycles with wheel
Page 226 and 227: 11-20 1995 American Travel Survey T
Page 228 and 229: 11-22 Those with a household income
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Page 232 and 233: 12-4 In the early seventies, domest
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Page 236 and 237: 12-8 The Interstate Commerce Commis
Page 238 and 239: 12-10 The “other” category, whi
Page 240 and 241: 12-12 The National Railroad Passeng
Page 242 and 243: 12-14 This table on transit rail op
Page 244 and 245: A-2 List of Abbreviations Used in A
Page 246 and 247: A-4 Motorcycles Buses DOT, FHWA, Hi
Page 248 and 249: A-6 Trucks Light Trucks: DOT, FHWA,
Page 250 and 251: A-8 Off-highway energy use Diesel:
Page 252 and 253: A-10 Domestic and International Air
Page 254 and 255: A-12 Recreational Boating: Fuel use
Page 256 and 257: A-14 Year Natural gas (million cubi
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A-18 Calculation of Million Barrels
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A-20 Motorcycles Number of vehicles
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A-22 Transit Number of vehicles, ve
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A-24 Light trucks Btu per vehicle-m
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A-26 Truck Freight Movement and Ene
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A-28 Automobiles Highway Vehicle St
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A-30 Then, the number of trucks in
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A-32 Sales - Domestic and import to
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A-34 Light Fleet Vehicle Travel Aut
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APPENDIX B CONVERSIONS A Note About
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Table B.2 Fuel Equivalents 1 millio
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Table B.5 Distance and Velocity Con
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FROM Horsepower Kilowatts Table B.8
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Table B.10 Fuel Efficiency Conversi
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Table B.12 Metric Units and Abbrevi
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APPENDIX C CENSUS DIVISIONS AND REG
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GLOSSARY Acceleration power - Measu
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Bunkering fuels - Fuels stored in s
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Crude oil imports - The volume of c
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volume. There are other fuels that
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Kerosene - A petroleum distillate i
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Natural gas, wet: The volume of nat
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of petroleum products, and the prim
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Sales period - October 1 of the pre
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Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey -
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I-2 Acquisitions Federal Fleet Vehi
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I-4 Average Annual Expenditures of
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I-6 Certificated Summary Statistics
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I-8 Consumption (continued) U.S. Ca
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I-10 Distance Long-Distance Trips b
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I-12 Emissions World Carbon Emissio
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I-14 Exhaust (continued) Federal Ex
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I-16 Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhou
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I-18 Tax Receipts from the Sale of
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I-20 Tonnage Statistics for Domesti
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I-22 Vehicle-Miles by Trip Purpose,
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I-24 Occupant Fatalities by Vehicle
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I-26 PM PMT Policy United States Pe
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I-28 Summary Statistics for Commute
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I-30 versus Sales-Weighted Fuel Eco
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I-32 Federal Exhaust Emission Certi
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I-34 Surveys Growth of Freight in t
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I-36 Trips Truck Household 1969, 19
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I-38 Vehicle-Miles by Trip Purpose,
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I-40 Weighted Sales-Weighted Engine
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