TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22 - Center for ...

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5–6 Though the cost of crude oil certainly influences the price of gasoline, it is not the only factor which determines the price at the pump. Processing cost, transportation cost, and taxes also play a major part of the cost of a gallon of gasoline. The average price of a barrel of crude oil (in constant 2000 dollars) rose by 69% from 1998 to 2001, while the average price of a gallon of gasoline increased only 26% in this same time period. Table 5.3 Prices for a Barrel of Crude Oil and a Gallon of Gasoline, 1978–2001 Crude oil a (dollars per barrel) Gasoline b (cents per gallon) Year Current Constant 2000 c Current Constant 2000 c a Refiner acquisition cost of composite (domestic and imported) crude oil. b Average for all types. These prices were collected from a sample of service stations in 85 urban areas selected to represent all urban consumers. Urban consumers make up about 80% of the total U.S. population. c Adjusted by the Consumer Price Inflation Index. TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22—2002 Ratio of gasoline to crude oil 1978 12.5 32.9 65.2 172.2 219.8 1979 17.7 42.0 88.2 209.2 209.1 1980 28.1 58.7 122.1 255.2 182.7 1981 35.2 66.8 135.3 256.3 161.3 1982 31.9 56.9 128.1 228.6 168.8 1983 29.0 50.1 122.5 211.8 177.5 1984 28.6 47.5 119.8 198.6 175.7 1985 26.8 42.8 119.6 191.4 187.8 1986 14.6 22.9 93.1 146.3 268.7 1987 17.9 27.1 95.7 145.1 224.5 1988 14.7 21.4 96.3 140.2 275.7 1989 18.0 25.0 106.0 147.2 247.7 1990 22.2 29.3 121.7 160.3 230.0 1991 19.1 24.1 119.6 151.2 263.5 1992 18.4 22.6 119.0 146.1 271.2 1993 16.4 19.6 117.3 139.8 300.2 1994 15.6 18.1 117.4 136.4 316.3 1995 17.2 19.5 120.5 136.2 293.7 1996 20.7 22.7 128.8 141.2 261.2 1997 19.0 20.4 129.1 138.5 284.8 1998 12.5 13.3 111.5 117.8 372.6 1999 17.5 18.0 122.1 125.2 291.3 2000 28.3 28.3 156.3 156.3 232.0 2001 23.1 22.5 153.1 148.9 278.4 Average annual percentage change 1978–2001 2.7% -1.6% 3.8% -0.6% 1991–2001 1.9% -0.7% 2.5% -0.2% Sources: Crude oil - U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review, March 2002 Washington, DC, Table 9.1. Gasoline - U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review, March 2002 Washington, DC, Table 9.4. (Additional resources: www.eia.doe.gov)
Diesel fuel price is generally lower than gasoline; however, in 2001 the price of gasoline and diesel fuel were almost equal. Table 5.4 Retail Prices for Motor Fuel, 1978–2001 (cents per gallon, including tax) Diesel fuel a Average for all gasoline typesb Year Current Constant 2000c Current Constant 2000c 1978 d d 65 172 1979 d d 88 209 1980 101 211 122 255 1981 118 224 135 256 1982 116 207 128 229 1983 120 207 123 212 1984 122 202 120 199 1985 122 195 120 191 1986 94 148 93 146 1987 96 146 96 145 1988 95 138 96 140 1989 102 142 106 147 1990 107 141 122 160 1991 91 115 120 151 1992 106 130 119 146 1993 98 117 117 140 1994 96 112 117 136 1995 97 110 121 136 1996 115 126 129 141 1997 129 138 129 139 1998 112 118 112 118 1999 97 100 122 126 2000 136 136 156 156 2001 152 148 153 149 Average annual percentage change 1978–2001 2.0% e -1.7% e 3.8% -0.6% 1991–2001 Source: 3.6% 0.5% 2.3% -0.7% Gasoline - U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review, 2002, Washington, DC, Table 9.4. Diesel - U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual 2000, Washington, DC, May 2002, Table 7.2. (Additional resources: www.eia.doe.gov) aCollected from a survey of prices on January 1 of the current year. bThese prices were collected from a sample of service stations in 85 urban areas selected to represent all urban consumers. Urban consumers make up about 80% of the total U.S. population. cAdjusted by the Consumer Price Inflation Index. dData are not available. eAverage annual percentage change is from the earliest year possible to 2000. TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22—2002 5–7
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Center for Transportation Analysis
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Users of the Transportation Energy
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Ta
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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x TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) CHA
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xii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xvi TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK
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xviii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BO
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xx TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK:
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xxii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOO
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1-2 Although the world has consumed
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1-4 This table shows petroleum prod
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1-6 Figure 1.2. World Oil Reserves,
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1-8 This chart shows the volatility
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1-10 a First two quarters of 2001.
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1-12 Other parts of the world refin
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1-14 When crude oil and other hydro
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1-16 The U.S. share of the world’
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1-18 Transportation accounts for mo
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Source Chapter 2 Energy Summary Sta
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The Energy Information Administrati
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Oxygenates are blended with gasolin
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The 1999 data have been revised to
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About 22% of transportation energy
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Nearly all of the fuel ethanol used
Page 56 and 57: Great care should be taken when com
Page 58 and 59: Figure 2.3. Energy Intensities for
Page 60 and 61: Great care should be taken when com
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Page 64 and 65: Global Warming Potentials (GWP) wer
Page 66 and 67: Gases which contain carbon can be m
Page 68 and 69: The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
Page 70 and 71: GV: FRFG (btu/mile or grams/mile) T
Page 72 and 73: Source Chapter 4 Criteria Air Pollu
Page 74 and 75: The transportation sector accounted
Page 84 and 85: Historically, the transportation se
Page 86 and 87: Acronyms and Terms Used on Table 4.
Page 88 and 89: Table 4. 13 (Continued) Fuel-Cycle
Page 90 and 91: Table 4.14 Tier 2 Emission Standard
Page 92 and 93: TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
Page 94 and 95: Table 4.18 Federal Exhaust Emission
Page 100 and 101: California's Low-Emission Vehicle r
Page 108 and 109: 5-8 The fuel prices shown here are
Page 110 and 111: 5-10 Table 5.7 State Taxes on Motor
Page 112 and 113: 5-12 As of January 2001, only five
Page 114 and 115: 5-14 In current dollars, import car
Page 118 and 119: 5-18 In 1999 there were 7.7 employe
Page 120 and 121: 5-20 Eleven percent of employed civ
Page 124 and 125: 6-4 VEHICLES IN USE Both the Federa
Page 126 and 127: 6-6 The line on this graph shows th
Page 128 and 129: 6-8 The trend of using two-axle, fo
Page 132 and 133: 6-12 The average age of trucks (cla
Page 140 and 141: 7-2 The Federal Highway Administrat
Page 142 and 143: 7-4 Because data on Class 2b trucks
Page 144 and 145: 7-6 In 2000, light trucks, which in
Page 146 and 147: 7-8 Light truck sales have more tha
Page 148 and 149: 7-10 This graph shows the emergence
Page 150 and 151: 7-12 Table 7.11 Sales-Weighted Engi
Page 152 and 153: 7-14 The sales-weighted interior sp
Page 154 and 155: 7-16 The average auto lost over 300
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7-18 The number of conventional ref
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7-20 The Corporate Average Fuel Eco
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7-22 Consumers must pay the Gas Guz
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7-24 Fuel Economy by Vehicle Speed
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7-26 The two earlier studies by the
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7-28 Of the tested vehicles, the 19
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7-30 The New York Test Cycle was de
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7-32 Researchers at Argonne Nationa
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7-34 Total traffic fatalities were
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7-36 In 2000, nearly 38% of all pas
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Source Chapter 8 Heavy Vehicles and
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Combination trucks include all truc
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Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey Th
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As expected, most light trucks trav
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In 1997 nearly 60% of all truck fle
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Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
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Industries covered by the 1997 Comm
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There are currently not many source
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9-2 Alternative Fuels The U.S. Depa
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9-4 Nearly 90% of private alternati
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9-6 This list includes public and p
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9-8 The Honda Insight, Civic Hybrid
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10-2 Significant changes have been
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10-4 The average length of service
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10-6 Table 10.5 Federal Government
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10-8 The Energy Policy Act of 1992
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11-2 Vehicle-miles are growing at a
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TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
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11-6 1995 Nationwide Personal Trans
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11-8 The 1995 NPTS data should be c
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11-10 Vans and sport utility vehicl
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11-12 Less than 27% of all househol
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11-14 Historically, the data from t
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11-16 According to the U.S. Census
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11-18 Sales of bicycles with wheel
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11-20 1995 American Travel Survey T
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11-22 Those with a household income
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12-4 In the early seventies, domest
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12-8 The Interstate Commerce Commis
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12-10 The “other” category, whi
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12-12 The National Railroad Passeng
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12-14 This table on transit rail op
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A-2 List of Abbreviations Used in A
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A-4 Motorcycles Buses DOT, FHWA, Hi
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A-6 Trucks Light Trucks: DOT, FHWA,
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A-8 Off-highway energy use Diesel:
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A-10 Domestic and International Air
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A-12 Recreational Boating: Fuel use
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A-14 Year Natural gas (million cubi
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A-16 Passenger: Commuter - APTA, 20
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A-18 Calculation of Million Barrels
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A-20 Motorcycles Number of vehicles
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A-22 Transit Number of vehicles, ve
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A-24 Light trucks Btu per vehicle-m
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A-26 Truck Freight Movement and Ene
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A-28 Automobiles Highway Vehicle St
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A-30 Then, the number of trucks in
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A-32 Sales - Domestic and import to
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A-34 Light Fleet Vehicle Travel Aut
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APPENDIX B CONVERSIONS A Note About
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Table B.2 Fuel Equivalents 1 millio
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Table B.5 Distance and Velocity Con
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FROM Horsepower Kilowatts Table B.8
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Table B.10 Fuel Efficiency Conversi
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Table B.12 Metric Units and Abbrevi
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APPENDIX C CENSUS DIVISIONS AND REG
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GLOSSARY Acceleration power - Measu
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Bunkering fuels - Fuels stored in s
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Crude oil imports - The volume of c
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volume. There are other fuels that
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Kerosene - A petroleum distillate i
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Natural gas, wet: The volume of nat
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of petroleum products, and the prim
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Sales period - October 1 of the pre
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Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey -
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I-2 Acquisitions Federal Fleet Vehi
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I-4 Average Annual Expenditures of
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I-6 Certificated Summary Statistics
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I-8 Consumption (continued) U.S. Ca
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I-10 Distance Long-Distance Trips b
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I-12 Emissions World Carbon Emissio
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I-14 Exhaust (continued) Federal Ex
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I-16 Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhou
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I-18 Tax Receipts from the Sale of
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I-20 Tonnage Statistics for Domesti
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I-22 Vehicle-Miles by Trip Purpose,
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I-24 Occupant Fatalities by Vehicle
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I-26 PM PMT Policy United States Pe
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I-28 Summary Statistics for Commute
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I-30 versus Sales-Weighted Fuel Eco
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I-32 Federal Exhaust Emission Certi
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I-34 Surveys Growth of Freight in t
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I-36 Trips Truck Household 1969, 19
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I-38 Vehicle-Miles by Trip Purpose,
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I-40 Weighted Sales-Weighted Engine
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TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22 - Center for ...

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