TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22 - Center for ...

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Great care should be taken when comparing modal energy intensity data among modes. Because of the inherent differences between the transportation modes in the nature of services, routes available, and many additional factors, it is not possible to obtain truly comparable national energy intensities among modes. Table 2.14 Intercity Freight Movement and Energy Use in the United States, 2000 Trucks Waterborne commerce TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22—2002 Class I railroads Number of vehicles (thousands) 2,643 41 20 a Ton-miles (billions) 1,093 646 1,466 Tons shipped (millions) 4,089 1,064 1,738 Average length of haul (miles) 717 b 607 843 Energy intensity (Btu/ton-mile) 3,200 508 352 Energy use (trillion Btu) 3,498 328 516 Source: See Appendix A for Freight Movement and Energy Use. a Number of locomotives. b 717 miles is for general freight (less than truckload). Based on data from the Eno Transportation Foundation, the average length of haul for specialized freight (truckload) is 286 miles. 2–19
2–20 Great care should be taken when comparing modal energy intensity data among modes. Because of the inherent differences between the transportation modes in the nature of services, routes available, and many additional factors, it is not possible to obtain truly comparable national energy intensities among modes. Year Table 2.15 Energy Intensities of Freight Modes, 1970–2000 Heavy single-unit and combination trucks (Btu per vehicle-mile) Class I freight railroad (Btu per freight carmile) (Btu per tonmile) TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22—2002 Domestic waterborne commerce (Btu per ton-mile) 1970 24,960 17,669 691 545 1971 24,485 18,171 717 506 1972 24,668 18,291 714 522 1973 24,777 18,468 677 576 1974 24,784 18,852 681 483 1975 24,631 18,739 687 549 1976 24,566 18,938 680 468 1977 24,669 19,226 669 458 1978 24,655 18,928 641 383 1979 24,745 19,188 618 436 1980 24,757 18,742 597 358 1981 25,058 18,629 572 360 1982 24,296 18,404 553 310 1983 23,852 17,864 525 286 1984 23,585 17,795 510 346 1985 23,343 17,500 497 446 1986 23,352 17,265 486 463 1987 22,922 16,790 456 402 1988 22,596 16,758 443 361 1989 22,411 16,894 437 403 1990 22,795 16,619 420 387 1991 22,749 15,835 391 386 1992 22,608 16,043 393 398 1993 22,373 16,056 389 389 1994 22,193 16,340 388 369 1995 22,096 15,992 372 374 1996 22,109 15,747 368 412 1997 21,340 15,784 370 415 1998 21,514 15,372 365 435 1999 22,880 15,363 363 457 2000 23,388 14,917 352 508 Average annual percentage change 1970–2000 -0.2% -0.6% -2.2% -0.2% 1990–2000 0.3% -0.6% -1.8% 2.8% Source: See Appendix A for Freight Mode Energy Intensities.
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Center for Transportation Analysis
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Users of the Transportation Energy
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Ta
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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Page 16 and 17: xvi TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK
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Page 24 and 25: 1-2 Although the world has consumed
Page 26 and 27: 1-4 This table shows petroleum prod
Page 28 and 29: 1-6 Figure 1.2. World Oil Reserves,
Page 30 and 31: 1-8 This chart shows the volatility
Page 32 and 33: 1-10 a First two quarters of 2001.
Page 34 and 35: 1-12 Other parts of the world refin
Page 36 and 37: 1-14 When crude oil and other hydro
Page 38 and 39: 1-16 The U.S. share of the world’
Page 40 and 41: 1-18 Transportation accounts for mo
Page 42 and 43: Source Chapter 2 Energy Summary Sta
Page 44 and 45: The Energy Information Administrati
Page 46 and 47: Oxygenates are blended with gasolin
Page 48 and 49: The 1999 data have been revised to
Page 50 and 51: About 22% of transportation energy
Page 52 and 53: The Federal Highway Administration
Page 54 and 55: Nearly all of the fuel ethanol used
Page 56 and 57: Great care should be taken when com
Page 58 and 59: Figure 2.3. Energy Intensities for
Page 62 and 63: Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Page 64 and 65: Global Warming Potentials (GWP) wer
Page 66 and 67: Gases which contain carbon can be m
Page 68 and 69: The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
Page 70 and 71: GV: FRFG (btu/mile or grams/mile) T
Page 72 and 73: Source Chapter 4 Criteria Air Pollu
Page 74 and 75: The transportation sector accounted
Page 84 and 85: Historically, the transportation se
Page 86 and 87: Acronyms and Terms Used on Table 4.
Page 88 and 89: Table 4. 13 (Continued) Fuel-Cycle
Page 90 and 91: Table 4.14 Tier 2 Emission Standard
Page 92 and 93: TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
Page 94 and 95: Table 4.18 Federal Exhaust Emission
Page 100 and 101: California's Low-Emission Vehicle r
Page 106 and 107: 5-6 Though the cost of crude oil ce
Page 108 and 109: 5-8 The fuel prices shown here are
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5-10 Table 5.7 State Taxes on Motor
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5-12 As of January 2001, only five
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5-14 In current dollars, import car
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TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
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5-18 In 1999 there were 7.7 employe
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5-20 Eleven percent of employed civ
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6-4 VEHICLES IN USE Both the Federa
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6-6 The line on this graph shows th
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6-8 The trend of using two-axle, fo
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6-12 The average age of trucks (cla
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7-2 The Federal Highway Administrat
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7-4 Because data on Class 2b trucks
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7-6 In 2000, light trucks, which in
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7-8 Light truck sales have more tha
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7-10 This graph shows the emergence
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7-12 Table 7.11 Sales-Weighted Engi
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7-14 The sales-weighted interior sp
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7-16 The average auto lost over 300
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7-18 The number of conventional ref
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7-20 The Corporate Average Fuel Eco
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7-22 Consumers must pay the Gas Guz
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7-24 Fuel Economy by Vehicle Speed
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7-26 The two earlier studies by the
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7-28 Of the tested vehicles, the 19
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7-30 The New York Test Cycle was de
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7-32 Researchers at Argonne Nationa
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7-34 Total traffic fatalities were
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7-36 In 2000, nearly 38% of all pas
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Source Chapter 8 Heavy Vehicles and
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Combination trucks include all truc
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Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey Th
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As expected, most light trucks trav
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In 1997 nearly 60% of all truck fle
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Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
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Industries covered by the 1997 Comm
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There are currently not many source
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9-2 Alternative Fuels The U.S. Depa
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9-4 Nearly 90% of private alternati
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9-6 This list includes public and p
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9-8 The Honda Insight, Civic Hybrid
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10-2 Significant changes have been
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10-4 The average length of service
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10-6 Table 10.5 Federal Government
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10-8 The Energy Policy Act of 1992
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11-2 Vehicle-miles are growing at a
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11-6 1995 Nationwide Personal Trans
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11-8 The 1995 NPTS data should be c
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11-10 Vans and sport utility vehicl
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11-12 Less than 27% of all househol
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11-14 Historically, the data from t
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11-16 According to the U.S. Census
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11-18 Sales of bicycles with wheel
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11-20 1995 American Travel Survey T
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11-22 Those with a household income
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12-4 In the early seventies, domest
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12-8 The Interstate Commerce Commis
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12-10 The “other” category, whi
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12-12 The National Railroad Passeng
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12-14 This table on transit rail op
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A-2 List of Abbreviations Used in A
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A-4 Motorcycles Buses DOT, FHWA, Hi
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A-6 Trucks Light Trucks: DOT, FHWA,
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A-8 Off-highway energy use Diesel:
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A-10 Domestic and International Air
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A-12 Recreational Boating: Fuel use
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A-14 Year Natural gas (million cubi
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A-16 Passenger: Commuter - APTA, 20
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A-18 Calculation of Million Barrels
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A-20 Motorcycles Number of vehicles
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A-22 Transit Number of vehicles, ve
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A-24 Light trucks Btu per vehicle-m
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A-26 Truck Freight Movement and Ene
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A-28 Automobiles Highway Vehicle St
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A-30 Then, the number of trucks in
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A-32 Sales - Domestic and import to
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A-34 Light Fleet Vehicle Travel Aut
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APPENDIX B CONVERSIONS A Note About
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Table B.2 Fuel Equivalents 1 millio
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Table B.5 Distance and Velocity Con
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FROM Horsepower Kilowatts Table B.8
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Table B.10 Fuel Efficiency Conversi
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Table B.12 Metric Units and Abbrevi
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APPENDIX C CENSUS DIVISIONS AND REG
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GLOSSARY Acceleration power - Measu
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Bunkering fuels - Fuels stored in s
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Crude oil imports - The volume of c
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volume. There are other fuels that
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Kerosene - A petroleum distillate i
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Natural gas, wet: The volume of nat
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of petroleum products, and the prim
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Sales period - October 1 of the pre
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Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey -
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I-2 Acquisitions Federal Fleet Vehi
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I-4 Average Annual Expenditures of
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I-6 Certificated Summary Statistics
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I-8 Consumption (continued) U.S. Ca
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I-10 Distance Long-Distance Trips b
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I-12 Emissions World Carbon Emissio
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I-14 Exhaust (continued) Federal Ex
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I-16 Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhou
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I-18 Tax Receipts from the Sale of
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I-20 Tonnage Statistics for Domesti
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I-22 Vehicle-Miles by Trip Purpose,
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I-24 Occupant Fatalities by Vehicle
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I-26 PM PMT Policy United States Pe
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I-28 Summary Statistics for Commute
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I-30 versus Sales-Weighted Fuel Eco
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I-32 Federal Exhaust Emission Certi
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I-34 Surveys Growth of Freight in t
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I-36 Trips Truck Household 1969, 19
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I-38 Vehicle-Miles by Trip Purpose,
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I-40 Weighted Sales-Weighted Engine
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TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22 - Center for ...

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