TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22 - Center for ...

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I–10 Distance Long-Distance Trips by Destination, 1995 ................................ 11-20 Long-Distance Trips by Mode and Purpose, 1995 .......................... 11-21 Shares of Long-Distance Person Trips by Mode and Household Income, 1995 .... 11-22 Distribution Distribution of Energy Consumption by Source, 1973 and 2001 ................. 2-4 Domestic Average Miles per Domestic Federal Vehicle by Vehicle Type, 2000 ............ 10-5 Summary Statistics for U.S. Domestic and International Certificated Route Air Carriers (Combined Totals), 1970-2001 ................................ 12-2 Tonnage Statistics for Domestic and International Waterborne Commerce, 1970-2000 ................................................. 12-4 Summary Statistics for Domestic Waterborne Commerce, 1970-2000 ............ 12-5 Breakdown of Domestic Marine Cargo by Commodity Class, 2000 ............. 12-6 Domestic Consumption of Transportation Energy by Mode and Fuel Type, 2000 .... 2-6 Sales-Weighted Engine Size of New Domestic and Import Automobiles by Size Class, Sales Periods 1976-2001 ................................... 7-11 Sales-Weighted Engine Size of New Domestic and Import Light Trucks by Size Class, Sales Periods 1976-2001 ................................... 7-12 Sales-Weighted Curb Weight of New Domestic and Import Automobiles by Size Class, Sales Periods 1976-2001 ................................... 7-13 Sales-Weighted Interior Space of New Domestic and Import Automobiles by Size Class, Sales Periods 1976-2001 ................................... 7-14 Average Material Consumption for a Domestic Automobile, 1978, 1985, and 2001 ....................................................... 7-16 Period Sales, Market Shares, and Sales-Weighted Fuel Economies of New Domestic and Import Automobiles, Selected Sales Periods 1976-2001 ........ 7-7 Period Sales, Market Shares, and Sales-Weighted Fuel Economies of New Domestic and Import Light Trucks, Selected Sales Periods 1976-2001 ........ 7-8 Driving Urban Driving Cycle ................................................. 7-29 Highway Driving Cycle ................................................ 7-29 New York City Driving Cycle ........................................... 7-30 Representative Number Five Driving Cycle ................................ 7-30 US06 Driving Cycle................................................... 7-31 Projected Fuel Economies from U.S., European, and Japanese Driving Cycles ..... 7-32 Comparison of U.S., European, and Japanese Driving Cycles .................. 7-33 East Summary of 1996 Military Expenditures for Defending Oil Supplies from the Middle East .................................................. 1-11 Economic Oil Price and Economic Growth, 1970-2001 ................................ 1-10 Economic Indicators, 1970-2001 ......................................... 5-17 TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22—2002
Economies Projected Fuel Economies from U.S., European, and Japanese Driving Cycles ..... 7-32 Period Sales, Market Shares, and Sales-Weighted Fuel Economies of New Domestic and Import Automobiles, Selected Sales Periods 1976-2001 ........ 7-7 Period Sales, Market Shares, and Sales-Weighted Fuel Economies of New Domestic and Import Light Trucks, Selected Sales Periods 1976-2001 ....................... 7-8 Economy Automobile Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards versus Sales-Weighted Fuel Economy Estimates, 1978-2002 ................... 7-19 Light Truck Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards versus Sales-Weighted Fuel Economy Estimates, 1978-2002 ................... 7-20 Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Fines Collected, 1983-2000 .......... 7-21 Fuel Economy by Speed, 1973, 1984 and 1997 .............................. 7-26 Fuel Economy by Speed, 1973, 1984 and 1997 .............................. 7-27 Steady Speed Fuel Economy for Vehicles Tested in the 1997 Study ............. 7-28 Truck Harmonic Mean Fuel Economy by Size Class, 1992 and 1997 ............. 8-6 Emission Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhouse Gas Emission Changes of Alternative and Advanced Vehicle/Fuel Systems ...................................... 3-9 National Lead Emission Estimates, 1970-99 ................................ 4-13 Fuel-Cycle Energy and Criteria Pollutant Emission Changes of Alternative and Advanced Vehicle/Fuel Systems ..................................... 4-16 Tier 2 Emission Standards for Cars and Light Trucks Effective for 2004-2009 Model 2004-2009 Model Years ................................. 4-19 Light Vehicle Exhaust Emission Standards in Effect in 2009 when U.S. Tier 2 Standards Standards are Final ...................................... 4-20 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Vehicles .......................................... 4-21 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Trucks (Category LDT1) ............................. 4-22 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Trucks (Category LDT2) ............................. 4-23 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Trucks (Category LDT3) ............................. 4-24 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Trucks (Category LDT4) ............................. 4-25 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Light Heavy Trucks...................................... 4-26 Federal Exhaust Emission Certification Standards for Gasoline- and Diesel-Powered Heavy Heavy Trucks..................................... 4-27 California Passenger Cars and Light Trucks Emission Certification Standards ..... 4-28 California Vehicle Emission Reduction for Passenger Cars and Light Trucks...... 4-29 TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22—2002 I–11
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Center for Transportation Analysis
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Users of the Transportation Energy
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Ta
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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x TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) CHA
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xii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xvi TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK
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xviii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BO
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xx TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK:
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xxii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOO
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1-2 Although the world has consumed
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1-4 This table shows petroleum prod
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1-6 Figure 1.2. World Oil Reserves,
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1-8 This chart shows the volatility
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1-10 a First two quarters of 2001.
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1-12 Other parts of the world refin
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1-14 When crude oil and other hydro
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1-16 The U.S. share of the world’
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1-18 Transportation accounts for mo
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Source Chapter 2 Energy Summary Sta
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The Energy Information Administrati
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Oxygenates are blended with gasolin
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The 1999 data have been revised to
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About 22% of transportation energy
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Nearly all of the fuel ethanol used
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Great care should be taken when com
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Figure 2.3. Energy Intensities for
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Great care should be taken when com
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Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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Global Warming Potentials (GWP) wer
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Gases which contain carbon can be m
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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GV: FRFG (btu/mile or grams/mile) T
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Source Chapter 4 Criteria Air Pollu
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The transportation sector accounted
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Historically, the transportation se
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Acronyms and Terms Used on Table 4.
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Table 4. 13 (Continued) Fuel-Cycle
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Table 4.14 Tier 2 Emission Standard
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TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
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Table 4.18 Federal Exhaust Emission
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California's Low-Emission Vehicle r
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5-6 Though the cost of crude oil ce
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5-8 The fuel prices shown here are
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5-10 Table 5.7 State Taxes on Motor
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5-12 As of January 2001, only five
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5-14 In current dollars, import car
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5-18 In 1999 there were 7.7 employe
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5-20 Eleven percent of employed civ
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6-4 VEHICLES IN USE Both the Federa
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6-6 The line on this graph shows th
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6-8 The trend of using two-axle, fo
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6-12 The average age of trucks (cla
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7-2 The Federal Highway Administrat
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7-4 Because data on Class 2b trucks
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7-6 In 2000, light trucks, which in
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7-8 Light truck sales have more tha
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7-10 This graph shows the emergence
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7-12 Table 7.11 Sales-Weighted Engi
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7-14 The sales-weighted interior sp
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7-16 The average auto lost over 300
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7-18 The number of conventional ref
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7-20 The Corporate Average Fuel Eco
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7-22 Consumers must pay the Gas Guz
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7-24 Fuel Economy by Vehicle Speed
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7-26 The two earlier studies by the
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7-28 Of the tested vehicles, the 19
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7-30 The New York Test Cycle was de
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7-32 Researchers at Argonne Nationa
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7-34 Total traffic fatalities were
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7-36 In 2000, nearly 38% of all pas
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Source Chapter 8 Heavy Vehicles and
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Combination trucks include all truc
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Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey Th
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As expected, most light trucks trav
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In 1997 nearly 60% of all truck fle
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Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
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Industries covered by the 1997 Comm
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There are currently not many source
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9-2 Alternative Fuels The U.S. Depa
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9-4 Nearly 90% of private alternati
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9-6 This list includes public and p
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9-8 The Honda Insight, Civic Hybrid
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10-2 Significant changes have been
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10-4 The average length of service
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10-6 Table 10.5 Federal Government
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10-8 The Energy Policy Act of 1992
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11-2 Vehicle-miles are growing at a
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11-6 1995 Nationwide Personal Trans
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11-8 The 1995 NPTS data should be c
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11-10 Vans and sport utility vehicl
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11-12 Less than 27% of all househol
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11-14 Historically, the data from t
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11-16 According to the U.S. Census
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11-18 Sales of bicycles with wheel
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11-20 1995 American Travel Survey T
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11-22 Those with a household income
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12-4 In the early seventies, domest
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12-8 The Interstate Commerce Commis
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12-10 The “other” category, whi
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12-12 The National Railroad Passeng
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12-14 This table on transit rail op
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A-2 List of Abbreviations Used in A
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A-4 Motorcycles Buses DOT, FHWA, Hi
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A-6 Trucks Light Trucks: DOT, FHWA,
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A-8 Off-highway energy use Diesel:
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A-10 Domestic and International Air
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A-12 Recreational Boating: Fuel use
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A-14 Year Natural gas (million cubi
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A-16 Passenger: Commuter - APTA, 20
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A-18 Calculation of Million Barrels
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A-20 Motorcycles Number of vehicles
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A-22 Transit Number of vehicles, ve
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A-24 Light trucks Btu per vehicle-m
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A-26 Truck Freight Movement and Ene
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A-28 Automobiles Highway Vehicle St
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Page 278 and 279: APPENDIX B CONVERSIONS A Note About
Page 280 and 281: Table B.2 Fuel Equivalents 1 millio
Page 282 and 283: Table B.5 Distance and Velocity Con
Page 284 and 285: FROM Horsepower Kilowatts Table B.8
Page 286 and 287: Table B.10 Fuel Efficiency Conversi
Page 288 and 289: Table B.12 Metric Units and Abbrevi
Page 290 and 291: TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
Page 292 and 293: APPENDIX C CENSUS DIVISIONS AND REG
Page 294 and 295: TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
Page 296 and 297: GLOSSARY Acceleration power - Measu
Page 298 and 299: Bunkering fuels - Fuels stored in s
Page 300 and 301: Crude oil imports - The volume of c
Page 302 and 303: volume. There are other fuels that
Page 304 and 305: Kerosene - A petroleum distillate i
Page 306 and 307: Natural gas, wet: The volume of nat
Page 308 and 309: of petroleum products, and the prim
Page 310 and 311: Sales period - October 1 of the pre
Page 312 and 313: Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey -
Page 314 and 315: I-2 Acquisitions Federal Fleet Vehi
Page 316 and 317: I-4 Average Annual Expenditures of
Page 318 and 319: I-6 Certificated Summary Statistics
Page 320 and 321: I-8 Consumption (continued) U.S. Ca
Page 324 and 325: I-12 Emissions World Carbon Emissio
Page 326 and 327: I-14 Exhaust (continued) Federal Ex
Page 328 and 329: I-16 Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhou
Page 330 and 331: I-18 Tax Receipts from the Sale of
Page 332 and 333: I-20 Tonnage Statistics for Domesti
Page 334 and 335: I-22 Vehicle-Miles by Trip Purpose,
Page 336 and 337: I-24 Occupant Fatalities by Vehicle
Page 338 and 339: I-26 PM PMT Policy United States Pe
Page 340 and 341: I-28 Summary Statistics for Commute
Page 342 and 343: I-30 versus Sales-Weighted Fuel Eco
Page 344 and 345: I-32 Federal Exhaust Emission Certi
Page 346 and 347: I-34 Surveys Growth of Freight in t
Page 348 and 349: I-36 Trips Truck Household 1969, 19
Page 350 and 351: I-38 Vehicle-Miles by Trip Purpose,
Page 352: I-40 Weighted Sales-Weighted Engine
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