TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22 - Center for ...

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Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) is designed to provide data on the flow of goods and materials by mode of transport. The 1993 and 1997 CFS are a continuation of statistics collected in the Commodity Transportation Survey from 1963 through 1977, and include major improvements in methodology, sample size, and scope. In 1997, CFS used a sample of 100,000 domestic establishments randomly selected from a universe of about 800,000 establishments engaged in mining, manufacturing, wholesale, auxiliary establishments (warehouses) of multi-establishment companies, and some selected activities in retail and service was used. Each selected establishment reported a sample of approximately 25 outbound shipments for a oneweek period in each of the four calendar quarters of 1997. This produced a total sample of over 5 million shipments. For each sampled shipment, zip codes of origin and destination, 5-digit Standard Classification of Transported Goods (SCTG) code, weight, value, and modes of transport, were provided. Establishments also reported whether the shipment was containerized, a hazardous material, or an export. The 1993 and 1997 CFS differ from previous surveys in their greatly expanded coverage of intermodalism (i.e., shipments which travel by at least two different modes, such as rail and truck). Earlier surveys reported only the principal mode. The 1993 and 1997 surveys report all modes used for the shipment (for-hire truck, private truck, rail, inland water, deep sea water, pipeline, air, parcel delivery or U.S. Postal Service, other mode, unknown). Route distance for each mode for each shipment as imputed from a mode-distance table was developed by Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Distance, in turn, was used to compute ton-mileage by mode of transport. For more information about the CFS, contact the Commodity Flow Survey Branch, Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Services Division at (301) 457-2108, or visit the following Internet site: www.bts.gov/cfs . TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22—2002 8–11
8–12 Industries covered by the 1997 Commodity Flow Survey (CFS) shipped over 11 billion tons of goods worth almost $7 trillion. Compared to the 1993 CFS, the value of shipments is up 9.2% and ton shipped are up 14.5%. By value, intermodal shipments increased 31.2% over 1993. Table 8.10 Growth of Freight in the United States: Comparison of the 1997 and 1993 Commodity Flow Surveys (Detail may not add to total because of rounding) Mode of Transportation 1997 (billion 1997 dollars) Value Tons 1993 (billion 1997 dollars) Percent change 1997 (millions) TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22—2002 1993 (millions) Percent change All modes 6,944.0 6,360.8 9.2% 11,089.7 9,688.5 14.5% Single modes 5,719.6 5,376.3 6.4% 10,436.5 8,922.3 17.0% Truck a For-hire truck Private truck 4981.5 2901.3 2036.5 4791.0 2856.1 1910.4 4.0% 1.6% 6.6% 7700.7 3402.6 4137.3 6385.9 2808.3 3543.5 20.6% 21.2% 16.8% Rail 319.6 269.2 18.7% 1,549.8 1,544.1 0.4% Water Shallow draft Great Lakes Deep draft 75.8 53.9 1.5 20.4 67.1 44.3 c 21.5 13.1% 21.7% c -4.9% 563.4 414.8 38.4 110.2 505.4 362.5 33.0 109.9 11.5% 14.4% c 0.2% Air (includes truck and air) 229.1 151.3 51.4% 4.5 3.1 42.6% Pipelineb 113.5 97.8 16.1% 618.2 483.6 27.8% Multiple modes Parcel, U.S. Postal Service 945.9 720.9 31.2% 216.7 225.7 -4.0% or courier 855.9 612.8 39.7% 23.7 18.9 25.4% Truck and rail 75.7 90.4 -16.3% 54.2 40.6 33.5% Truck and water 8.2 10.2 -19.4% 33.2 68.0 -51.2% Rail and water 1.8 4.0 -55.2% 79.3 79.2 0.1% Other multiple modes 4.3 3.5 22.0% 26.2 18.9 38.6% Other and unknown modes 278.6 263.6 5.7% 436.5 540.5 -19.2% Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, Bureau of Transportation Statistics, Freight USA, Washington, DC, 2000. (Additional resources: www.bts.gov/cfs) a "Truck" as a single mode includes shipments which went by private truck only, for-hire truck only, or a combination of private truck and for-hire truck. b CFS data for pipeline lack most shipments of crude oil. c Denotes data do not meet publication standards because of high sampling variability or other reasons. Some unpublished estimates can be derived from other data published in this table. However, figures obtained in this manner are subject to these same limitations.
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Center for Transportation Analysis
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Users of the Transportation Energy
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Ta
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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x TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) CHA
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xii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xvi TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK
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xviii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BO
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xx TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK:
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1-2 Although the world has consumed
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1-4 This table shows petroleum prod
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1-6 Figure 1.2. World Oil Reserves,
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1-8 This chart shows the volatility
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1-10 a First two quarters of 2001.
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1-12 Other parts of the world refin
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1-14 When crude oil and other hydro
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1-16 The U.S. share of the world’
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1-18 Transportation accounts for mo
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Source Chapter 2 Energy Summary Sta
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The Energy Information Administrati
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Oxygenates are blended with gasolin
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The 1999 data have been revised to
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About 22% of transportation energy
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Nearly all of the fuel ethanol used
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Great care should be taken when com
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Figure 2.3. Energy Intensities for
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Great care should be taken when com
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Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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Global Warming Potentials (GWP) wer
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Gases which contain carbon can be m
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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GV: FRFG (btu/mile or grams/mile) T
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Source Chapter 4 Criteria Air Pollu
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The transportation sector accounted
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Historically, the transportation se
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Acronyms and Terms Used on Table 4.
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Table 4. 13 (Continued) Fuel-Cycle
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Table 4.14 Tier 2 Emission Standard
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TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
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Table 4.18 Federal Exhaust Emission
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California's Low-Emission Vehicle r
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5-6 Though the cost of crude oil ce
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5-8 The fuel prices shown here are
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5-10 Table 5.7 State Taxes on Motor
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5-12 As of January 2001, only five
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5-14 In current dollars, import car
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5-18 In 1999 there were 7.7 employe
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5-20 Eleven percent of employed civ
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6-4 VEHICLES IN USE Both the Federa
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6-6 The line on this graph shows th
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6-8 The trend of using two-axle, fo
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6-12 The average age of trucks (cla
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Page 140 and 141: 7-2 The Federal Highway Administrat
Page 142 and 143: 7-4 Because data on Class 2b trucks
Page 144 and 145: 7-6 In 2000, light trucks, which in
Page 146 and 147: 7-8 Light truck sales have more tha
Page 148 and 149: 7-10 This graph shows the emergence
Page 150 and 151: 7-12 Table 7.11 Sales-Weighted Engi
Page 152 and 153: 7-14 The sales-weighted interior sp
Page 154 and 155: 7-16 The average auto lost over 300
Page 156 and 157: 7-18 The number of conventional ref
Page 158 and 159: 7-20 The Corporate Average Fuel Eco
Page 160 and 161: 7-22 Consumers must pay the Gas Guz
Page 162 and 163: 7-24 Fuel Economy by Vehicle Speed
Page 164 and 165: 7-26 The two earlier studies by the
Page 166 and 167: 7-28 Of the tested vehicles, the 19
Page 168 and 169: 7-30 The New York Test Cycle was de
Page 170 and 171: 7-32 Researchers at Argonne Nationa
Page 172 and 173: 7-34 Total traffic fatalities were
Page 174 and 175: 7-36 In 2000, nearly 38% of all pas
Page 176 and 177: Source Chapter 8 Heavy Vehicles and
Page 178 and 179: Combination trucks include all truc
Page 180 and 181: Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey Th
Page 182 and 183: As expected, most light trucks trav
Page 184 and 185: In 1997 nearly 60% of all truck fle
Page 188 and 189: Industries covered by the 1997 Comm
Page 190 and 191: There are currently not many source
Page 192 and 193: 9-2 Alternative Fuels The U.S. Depa
Page 194 and 195: 9-4 Nearly 90% of private alternati
Page 196 and 197: 9-6 This list includes public and p
Page 198 and 199: 9-8 The Honda Insight, Civic Hybrid
Page 200 and 201: 10-2 Significant changes have been
Page 202 and 203: 10-4 The average length of service
Page 204 and 205: 10-6 Table 10.5 Federal Government
Page 206 and 207: 10-8 The Energy Policy Act of 1992
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Page 212 and 213: 11-6 1995 Nationwide Personal Trans
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Page 216 and 217: 11-10 Vans and sport utility vehicl
Page 218 and 219: 11-12 Less than 27% of all househol
Page 220 and 221: 11-14 Historically, the data from t
Page 222 and 223: 11-16 According to the U.S. Census
Page 224 and 225: 11-18 Sales of bicycles with wheel
Page 226 and 227: 11-20 1995 American Travel Survey T
Page 228 and 229: 11-22 Those with a household income
Page 232 and 233: 12-4 In the early seventies, domest
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12-8 The Interstate Commerce Commis
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12-10 The “other” category, whi
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12-12 The National Railroad Passeng
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12-14 This table on transit rail op
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A-2 List of Abbreviations Used in A
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A-4 Motorcycles Buses DOT, FHWA, Hi
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A-6 Trucks Light Trucks: DOT, FHWA,
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A-8 Off-highway energy use Diesel:
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A-10 Domestic and International Air
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A-12 Recreational Boating: Fuel use
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A-14 Year Natural gas (million cubi
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A-16 Passenger: Commuter - APTA, 20
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A-18 Calculation of Million Barrels
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A-20 Motorcycles Number of vehicles
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A-22 Transit Number of vehicles, ve
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A-24 Light trucks Btu per vehicle-m
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A-26 Truck Freight Movement and Ene
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A-28 Automobiles Highway Vehicle St
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A-30 Then, the number of trucks in
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A-32 Sales - Domestic and import to
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A-34 Light Fleet Vehicle Travel Aut
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APPENDIX B CONVERSIONS A Note About
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Table B.2 Fuel Equivalents 1 millio
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Table B.5 Distance and Velocity Con
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FROM Horsepower Kilowatts Table B.8
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Table B.10 Fuel Efficiency Conversi
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Table B.12 Metric Units and Abbrevi
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APPENDIX C CENSUS DIVISIONS AND REG
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GLOSSARY Acceleration power - Measu
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Bunkering fuels - Fuels stored in s
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Crude oil imports - The volume of c
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volume. There are other fuels that
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Kerosene - A petroleum distillate i
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Natural gas, wet: The volume of nat
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of petroleum products, and the prim
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Sales period - October 1 of the pre
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Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey -
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I-2 Acquisitions Federal Fleet Vehi
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I-4 Average Annual Expenditures of
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I-6 Certificated Summary Statistics
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I-8 Consumption (continued) U.S. Ca
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I-10 Distance Long-Distance Trips b
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I-12 Emissions World Carbon Emissio
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I-14 Exhaust (continued) Federal Ex
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I-16 Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhou
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I-18 Tax Receipts from the Sale of
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I-20 Tonnage Statistics for Domesti
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I-22 Vehicle-Miles by Trip Purpose,
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I-24 Occupant Fatalities by Vehicle
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I-26 PM PMT Policy United States Pe
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I-28 Summary Statistics for Commute
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I-30 versus Sales-Weighted Fuel Eco
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I-32 Federal Exhaust Emission Certi
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I-34 Surveys Growth of Freight in t
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I-36 Trips Truck Household 1969, 19
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I-38 Vehicle-Miles by Trip Purpose,
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I-40 Weighted Sales-Weighted Engine
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