TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22 - Center for ...

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Natural gas, wet: The volume of natural gas remaining after removal of lease condensate in lease and/or field separation facilities, if any, and after exclusion of nonhydrocarbon gases where they occur in sufficient quantity to render the gas unmarketable. Natural gas liquids may be recovered from volumes of natural gas, wet after lease separation, at natural gas processing plants. Natural gas plant liquids - Natural gas liquids recovered from natural gas in processing plants and from natural gas field facilities and fractionators. Products obtained include ethane, propane, normal butane, isobutane, pentanes plus, and other products from natural gas processing plants. Nitrogen oxides (NO x) - A product of combustion of fossil fuels whose production increases with the temperature of the process. It can become an air pollutant if concentrations are excessive. Oil Stocks - Oil stocks include crude oil (including strategic reserves), unfinished oils, natural gas plant liquids, and refined petroleum products. Operating cost - Fixed operating cost: In reference to passenger car operating cost, refers to those expenditures that are independent of the amount of use of the car, such as insurance costs, fees for license and registration, depreciation and finance charges. Variable operating cost: In reference to passenger car operating cost, expenditures which are dependent on the amount of use of the car, such as the cost of gas and oil, tires, and other maintenance. Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) - Consists of Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, and United States. Total OECD includes the United States Territories (Guam, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands). Total OECD excludes data for Czech Republic, Hungary, Mexico, Poland, and South Korea which are not yet available. OECD Europe: Consists of Austria, Belgium, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, and United Kingdom. OECD Europe excludes data for Czech Republic, Hungary, and Poland which are not yet available. OECD Pacific: Consists of Australia, Japan, and New Zealand. TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22—2002 G–11
G–12 Organization for Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) - Includes Saudi Arabia, Iran, Venezuela, Libya, Indonesia, United Arab Emirates, Algeria, Nigeria, Ecuador, Gabon, Iraq, Kuwait, and Qatar. Data for Saudi Arabia and Kuwait include their shares from the Partitioned Zone (formerly the Neutral Zone). Arab OPEC - Consists of Algeria, Iraq, Kuwait, Libya, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates. Other single-unit truck - See Single-unit truck. Oxygenate - A substance which, when added to gasoline, increases the amount of oxygen in that gasoline blend. Includes fuel ethanol, methanol, and methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE). Particulates - Carbon particles formed by partial oxidation and reduction of the hydrocarbon fuel. Also included are trace quantities of metal oxides and nitrides, originating from engine wear, component degradation, and inorganic fuel additives. In the transportation sector, particulates are emitted mainly from diesel engines. Passenger-miles traveled (PMT) - One person traveling the distance of one mile. Total passengermiles traveled, thus, give the total mileage traveled by all persons. Passenger rail - See Rail, "Amtrak" and "Transit Railroad". Persian Gulf countries: Consists of Bahrain, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, and the United Emirates. Personal Consumption Expenditures (PCE) - As used in the national accounts, the market value of purchases of goods and services by individuals and nonprofit institutions and the value of food, clothing, housing, and financial services received by them as income in kind. It includes the rental value of owner-occupied houses but excludes purchases of dwellings, which are classified as capital goods (investment). Personal income - See Income. Petroleum - A generic term applied to oil and oil products in all forms, such as crude oil, lease condensate, unfinished oil, refined petroleum products, natural gas plant liquids, and nonhydrocarbon compounds blended into finished petroleum products. Petroleum consumption: A calculated demand for petroleum products obtained by summing domestic production, imports of crude petroleum and natural gas liquids, imports TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22—2002
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Center for Transportation Analysis
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Users of the Transportation Energy
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Ta
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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x TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) CHA
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xii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xvi TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK
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xviii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BO
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xx TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK:
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xxii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOO
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1-2 Although the world has consumed
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1-4 This table shows petroleum prod
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1-6 Figure 1.2. World Oil Reserves,
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1-8 This chart shows the volatility
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1-10 a First two quarters of 2001.
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1-12 Other parts of the world refin
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1-14 When crude oil and other hydro
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1-16 The U.S. share of the world’
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1-18 Transportation accounts for mo
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Source Chapter 2 Energy Summary Sta
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The Energy Information Administrati
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Oxygenates are blended with gasolin
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The 1999 data have been revised to
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About 22% of transportation energy
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Nearly all of the fuel ethanol used
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Great care should be taken when com
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Figure 2.3. Energy Intensities for
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Great care should be taken when com
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Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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Global Warming Potentials (GWP) wer
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Gases which contain carbon can be m
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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GV: FRFG (btu/mile or grams/mile) T
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Source Chapter 4 Criteria Air Pollu
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The transportation sector accounted
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Historically, the transportation se
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Acronyms and Terms Used on Table 4.
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Table 4. 13 (Continued) Fuel-Cycle
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Table 4.14 Tier 2 Emission Standard
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TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
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Table 4.18 Federal Exhaust Emission
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California's Low-Emission Vehicle r
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5-6 Though the cost of crude oil ce
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5-8 The fuel prices shown here are
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5-10 Table 5.7 State Taxes on Motor
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5-12 As of January 2001, only five
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5-14 In current dollars, import car
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5-18 In 1999 there were 7.7 employe
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5-20 Eleven percent of employed civ
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6-4 VEHICLES IN USE Both the Federa
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6-6 The line on this graph shows th
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6-8 The trend of using two-axle, fo
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6-12 The average age of trucks (cla
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7-2 The Federal Highway Administrat
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7-4 Because data on Class 2b trucks
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7-6 In 2000, light trucks, which in
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7-8 Light truck sales have more tha
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7-10 This graph shows the emergence
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7-12 Table 7.11 Sales-Weighted Engi
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7-14 The sales-weighted interior sp
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7-16 The average auto lost over 300
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7-18 The number of conventional ref
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7-20 The Corporate Average Fuel Eco
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7-22 Consumers must pay the Gas Guz
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7-24 Fuel Economy by Vehicle Speed
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7-26 The two earlier studies by the
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7-28 Of the tested vehicles, the 19
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7-30 The New York Test Cycle was de
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7-32 Researchers at Argonne Nationa
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7-34 Total traffic fatalities were
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7-36 In 2000, nearly 38% of all pas
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Source Chapter 8 Heavy Vehicles and
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Combination trucks include all truc
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Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey Th
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As expected, most light trucks trav
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In 1997 nearly 60% of all truck fle
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Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
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Industries covered by the 1997 Comm
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There are currently not many source
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9-2 Alternative Fuels The U.S. Depa
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9-4 Nearly 90% of private alternati
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9-6 This list includes public and p
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9-8 The Honda Insight, Civic Hybrid
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10-2 Significant changes have been
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10-4 The average length of service
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10-6 Table 10.5 Federal Government
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10-8 The Energy Policy Act of 1992
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11-2 Vehicle-miles are growing at a
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11-6 1995 Nationwide Personal Trans
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11-8 The 1995 NPTS data should be c
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11-10 Vans and sport utility vehicl
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11-12 Less than 27% of all househol
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11-14 Historically, the data from t
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11-16 According to the U.S. Census
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11-18 Sales of bicycles with wheel
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11-20 1995 American Travel Survey T
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11-22 Those with a household income
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12-4 In the early seventies, domest
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12-8 The Interstate Commerce Commis
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12-10 The “other” category, whi
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12-12 The National Railroad Passeng
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12-14 This table on transit rail op
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A-2 List of Abbreviations Used in A
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A-4 Motorcycles Buses DOT, FHWA, Hi
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A-6 Trucks Light Trucks: DOT, FHWA,
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A-8 Off-highway energy use Diesel:
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A-10 Domestic and International Air
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A-12 Recreational Boating: Fuel use
Page 256 and 257: A-14 Year Natural gas (million cubi
Page 258 and 259: A-16 Passenger: Commuter - APTA, 20
Page 260 and 261: A-18 Calculation of Million Barrels
Page 262 and 263: A-20 Motorcycles Number of vehicles
Page 264 and 265: A-22 Transit Number of vehicles, ve
Page 266 and 267: A-24 Light trucks Btu per vehicle-m
Page 268 and 269: A-26 Truck Freight Movement and Ene
Page 270 and 271: A-28 Automobiles Highway Vehicle St
Page 272 and 273: A-30 Then, the number of trucks in
Page 274 and 275: A-32 Sales - Domestic and import to
Page 276 and 277: A-34 Light Fleet Vehicle Travel Aut
Page 278 and 279: APPENDIX B CONVERSIONS A Note About
Page 280 and 281: Table B.2 Fuel Equivalents 1 millio
Page 282 and 283: Table B.5 Distance and Velocity Con
Page 284 and 285: FROM Horsepower Kilowatts Table B.8
Page 286 and 287: Table B.10 Fuel Efficiency Conversi
Page 288 and 289: Table B.12 Metric Units and Abbrevi
Page 290 and 291: TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
Page 292 and 293: APPENDIX C CENSUS DIVISIONS AND REG
Page 294 and 295: TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
Page 296 and 297: GLOSSARY Acceleration power - Measu
Page 298 and 299: Bunkering fuels - Fuels stored in s
Page 300 and 301: Crude oil imports - The volume of c
Page 302 and 303: volume. There are other fuels that
Page 304 and 305: Kerosene - A petroleum distillate i
Page 308 and 309: of petroleum products, and the prim
Page 310 and 311: Sales period - October 1 of the pre
Page 312 and 313: Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey -
Page 314 and 315: I-2 Acquisitions Federal Fleet Vehi
Page 316 and 317: I-4 Average Annual Expenditures of
Page 318 and 319: I-6 Certificated Summary Statistics
Page 320 and 321: I-8 Consumption (continued) U.S. Ca
Page 322 and 323: I-10 Distance Long-Distance Trips b
Page 324 and 325: I-12 Emissions World Carbon Emissio
Page 326 and 327: I-14 Exhaust (continued) Federal Ex
Page 328 and 329: I-16 Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhou
Page 330 and 331: I-18 Tax Receipts from the Sale of
Page 332 and 333: I-20 Tonnage Statistics for Domesti
Page 334 and 335: I-22 Vehicle-Miles by Trip Purpose,
Page 336 and 337: I-24 Occupant Fatalities by Vehicle
Page 338 and 339: I-26 PM PMT Policy United States Pe
Page 340 and 341: I-28 Summary Statistics for Commute
Page 342 and 343: I-30 versus Sales-Weighted Fuel Eco
Page 344 and 345: I-32 Federal Exhaust Emission Certi
Page 346 and 347: I-34 Surveys Growth of Freight in t
Page 348 and 349: I-36 Trips Truck Household 1969, 19
Page 350 and 351: I-38 Vehicle-Miles by Trip Purpose,
Page 352: I-40 Weighted Sales-Weighted Engine
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