TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22 - Center for ...

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7–18 The number of conventional refueling stations is declining while the number of vehicles fueling at those stations continues to rise. In 2000, there were 0.82 fueling stations per thousand vehicles. Data for alternative fuels in 2000 indicate that there was an average of 12 stations per thousand alternative fuel vehicles. Table 7.17 Conventional and Alternative Fuel Refueling Stations Number of Vehicles in operation Stations per retail outlets (thousands) thousand vehicles Year Conventional fuels 1993 207,416 186,315 1.11 1994 202,878 188,714 1.08 1995 195,455 193,441 1.01 1996 190,246 198,294 0.96 1997 187,892 201,071 0.93 1998 182,596 205,043 0.89 1999 180,567 209,509 0.86 2000 175,341 213,300 0.82 2001 175,132 216,683 Alternative fuels, 2001 0.81 LPG 3,403 269 12.65 CNG 1,232 110 11.20 Electricity 693 10 69.30 M85/M100 0 17 0.00 LNG 44 2 22.00 E85/E95 154 48 3.21 Total 5,526 456 12.12 Source: Conventional refueling stations: National Petroleum News Survey, 2001. Alternative fuel refueling stations: Alternative Fuels Data Center, www.afdc.doe.gov. Conventional vehicles: The Polk Company, Detroit, MI, FURTHER REPRODUCTION PROHIBITED. Alternative fuels vehicles: U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Alternatives to Traditional Transportation Fuels web site, www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/alternate/page/datatables/atf01-13_00.html Note: The County Business Patterns (CBP) data published by the Bureau of the Census tells the number of establishments by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). NAICS is an industry classification system that groups establishments into industries based on the activities in which they are primarily engaged. NAICS 447 represents gasoline stations. However, the CBP gasoline station data differ from the National Petroleum News Survey data; the CBP may not include every gasoline retail outlet due to the classification of the primary activity of the business. TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22—2002
The Corporate Average Fuel Economy standards were established by the U.S. Energy Policy and Conservation Act of 1975 (PL94-163). These standards must be met at the manufacturer level. Though the averages shown here indicate the standards were met in most years, some manufacturers fell short of meeting the standards while others exceeded them. Table 7.18 Automobile Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Standards versus Sales-Weighted Fuel Economy Estimates, 1978–2002 a (miles per gallon) Model yearb Automobiles CAFE estimates CAFE CAFE estimates standards c Autos and light Domestic Import Combined trucks combined 1978 18.0 18.7 27.3 19.9 19.9 1979 19.0 19.3 26.1 20.3 20.1 1980 20.0 22.6 29.6 24.3 23.1 1981 22.0 24.2 31.5 25.9 24.6 1982 24.0 25.0 31.1 26.6 25.1 1983 26.0 24.4 32.4 26.4 24.8 1984 27.0 25.5 32.0 26.9 25.0 1985 27.5 26.3 31.5 27.6 25.4 1986 26.0 26.9 31.6 28.2 25.9 1987 26.0 27.0 31.2 28.4 26.2 1988 26.0 27.4 31.5 28.0 26.0 1989 26.5 27.2 30.8 28.4 25.6 1990 27.5 26.9 29.9 27.9 25.4 1991 27.5 27.3 30.1 28.4 25.6 1992 27.5 27.0 29.2 27.9 25.1 1993 27.5 27.8 29.6 28.4 25.2 1994 27.5 27.5 29.7 28.3 24.7 1995 27.5 27.7 30.3 28.6 24.9 1996 27.5 28.1 29.6 28.5 24.9 1997 27.5 27.8 30.1 28.7 24.6 1998 27.5 28.6 29.2 28.8 24.7 1999 27.5 28.0 29.0 28.3 24.5 2000 27.5 28.7 28.3 28.5 24.8 2001 27.5 28.8 28.4 28.6 24.4 2002 27.5 29.1 28.5 28.8 24.5 Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, NHTSA, "Summary of Fuel Economy Performance," Washington, DC, March 2002. (Additional resources: www.nhtsa.dot.gov) a Only vehicles with at least 75 percent domestic content can be counted in the average domestic fuel economy for a manufacturer. b Model year as determined by the manufacturer on a vehicle by vehicle basis. c All CAFE calculations are sales-weighted. TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22—2002 7–19
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Center for Transportation Analysis
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Users of the Transportation Energy
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vi TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) Ta
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viii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
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x TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) CHA
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xii TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xiv TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued) T
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xvi TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK
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xviii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BO
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xx TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK:
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xxii TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOO
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1-2 Although the world has consumed
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1-4 This table shows petroleum prod
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1-6 Figure 1.2. World Oil Reserves,
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1-8 This chart shows the volatility
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1-10 a First two quarters of 2001.
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1-12 Other parts of the world refin
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1-14 When crude oil and other hydro
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1-16 The U.S. share of the world’
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1-18 Transportation accounts for mo
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Source Chapter 2 Energy Summary Sta
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The Energy Information Administrati
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Oxygenates are blended with gasolin
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The 1999 data have been revised to
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About 22% of transportation energy
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The Federal Highway Administration
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Nearly all of the fuel ethanol used
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Great care should be taken when com
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Figure 2.3. Energy Intensities for
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Great care should be taken when com
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Chapter 3 Greenhouse Gas Emissions
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Global Warming Potentials (GWP) wer
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Gases which contain carbon can be m
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The Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emi
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GV: FRFG (btu/mile or grams/mile) T
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Source Chapter 4 Criteria Air Pollu
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The transportation sector accounted
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Historically, the transportation se
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Acronyms and Terms Used on Table 4.
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Table 4. 13 (Continued) Fuel-Cycle
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Table 4.14 Tier 2 Emission Standard
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TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
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Table 4.18 Federal Exhaust Emission
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California's Low-Emission Vehicle r
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Page 106 and 107: 5-6 Though the cost of crude oil ce
Page 108 and 109: 5-8 The fuel prices shown here are
Page 110 and 111: 5-10 Table 5.7 State Taxes on Motor
Page 112 and 113: 5-12 As of January 2001, only five
Page 114 and 115: 5-14 In current dollars, import car
Page 116 and 117: TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: ED
Page 118 and 119: 5-18 In 1999 there were 7.7 employe
Page 120 and 121: 5-20 Eleven percent of employed civ
Page 124 and 125: 6-4 VEHICLES IN USE Both the Federa
Page 126 and 127: 6-6 The line on this graph shows th
Page 128 and 129: 6-8 The trend of using two-axle, fo
Page 132 and 133: 6-12 The average age of trucks (cla
Page 140 and 141: 7-2 The Federal Highway Administrat
Page 142 and 143: 7-4 Because data on Class 2b trucks
Page 144 and 145: 7-6 In 2000, light trucks, which in
Page 146 and 147: 7-8 Light truck sales have more tha
Page 148 and 149: 7-10 This graph shows the emergence
Page 150 and 151: 7-12 Table 7.11 Sales-Weighted Engi
Page 152 and 153: 7-14 The sales-weighted interior sp
Page 154 and 155: 7-16 The average auto lost over 300
Page 158 and 159: 7-20 The Corporate Average Fuel Eco
Page 160 and 161: 7-22 Consumers must pay the Gas Guz
Page 162 and 163: 7-24 Fuel Economy by Vehicle Speed
Page 164 and 165: 7-26 The two earlier studies by the
Page 166 and 167: 7-28 Of the tested vehicles, the 19
Page 168 and 169: 7-30 The New York Test Cycle was de
Page 170 and 171: 7-32 Researchers at Argonne Nationa
Page 172 and 173: 7-34 Total traffic fatalities were
Page 174 and 175: 7-36 In 2000, nearly 38% of all pas
Page 176 and 177: Source Chapter 8 Heavy Vehicles and
Page 178 and 179: Combination trucks include all truc
Page 180 and 181: Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey Th
Page 182 and 183: As expected, most light trucks trav
Page 184 and 185: In 1997 nearly 60% of all truck fle
Page 186 and 187: Commodity Flow Survey The Commodity
Page 188 and 189: Industries covered by the 1997 Comm
Page 190 and 191: There are currently not many source
Page 192 and 193: 9-2 Alternative Fuels The U.S. Depa
Page 194 and 195: 9-4 Nearly 90% of private alternati
Page 196 and 197: 9-6 This list includes public and p
Page 198 and 199: 9-8 The Honda Insight, Civic Hybrid
Page 200 and 201: 10-2 Significant changes have been
Page 202 and 203: 10-4 The average length of service
Page 204 and 205: 10-6 Table 10.5 Federal Government
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10-8 The Energy Policy Act of 1992
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11-2 Vehicle-miles are growing at a
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11-6 1995 Nationwide Personal Trans
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11-8 The 1995 NPTS data should be c
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11-10 Vans and sport utility vehicl
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11-12 Less than 27% of all househol
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11-14 Historically, the data from t
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11-16 According to the U.S. Census
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11-18 Sales of bicycles with wheel
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11-20 1995 American Travel Survey T
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11-22 Those with a household income
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12-4 In the early seventies, domest
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12-8 The Interstate Commerce Commis
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12-10 The “other” category, whi
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12-12 The National Railroad Passeng
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12-14 This table on transit rail op
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A-2 List of Abbreviations Used in A
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A-4 Motorcycles Buses DOT, FHWA, Hi
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A-6 Trucks Light Trucks: DOT, FHWA,
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A-8 Off-highway energy use Diesel:
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A-10 Domestic and International Air
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A-12 Recreational Boating: Fuel use
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A-14 Year Natural gas (million cubi
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A-16 Passenger: Commuter - APTA, 20
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A-18 Calculation of Million Barrels
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A-20 Motorcycles Number of vehicles
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A-22 Transit Number of vehicles, ve
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A-24 Light trucks Btu per vehicle-m
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A-26 Truck Freight Movement and Ene
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A-28 Automobiles Highway Vehicle St
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A-30 Then, the number of trucks in
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A-32 Sales - Domestic and import to
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A-34 Light Fleet Vehicle Travel Aut
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APPENDIX B CONVERSIONS A Note About
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Table B.2 Fuel Equivalents 1 millio
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Table B.5 Distance and Velocity Con
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FROM Horsepower Kilowatts Table B.8
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Table B.10 Fuel Efficiency Conversi
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Table B.12 Metric Units and Abbrevi
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APPENDIX C CENSUS DIVISIONS AND REG
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GLOSSARY Acceleration power - Measu
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Bunkering fuels - Fuels stored in s
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Crude oil imports - The volume of c
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volume. There are other fuels that
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Kerosene - A petroleum distillate i
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Natural gas, wet: The volume of nat
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of petroleum products, and the prim
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Sales period - October 1 of the pre
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Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey -
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I-2 Acquisitions Federal Fleet Vehi
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I-4 Average Annual Expenditures of
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I-6 Certificated Summary Statistics
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I-8 Consumption (continued) U.S. Ca
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I-10 Distance Long-Distance Trips b
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I-12 Emissions World Carbon Emissio
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I-14 Exhaust (continued) Federal Ex
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I-16 Fuel-Cycle Energy and Greenhou
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I-18 Tax Receipts from the Sale of
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I-20 Tonnage Statistics for Domesti
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I-22 Vehicle-Miles by Trip Purpose,
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I-24 Occupant Fatalities by Vehicle
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I-26 PM PMT Policy United States Pe
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I-28 Summary Statistics for Commute
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I-30 versus Sales-Weighted Fuel Eco
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I-32 Federal Exhaust Emission Certi
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I-34 Surveys Growth of Freight in t
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I-36 Trips Truck Household 1969, 19
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I-38 Vehicle-Miles by Trip Purpose,
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I-40 Weighted Sales-Weighted Engine
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TRANSPORTATION ENERGY DATA BOOK: EDITION 22 - Center for ...

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