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January-March 2010 JOURNAL OF EURASIAN STUDIES Volume II., Issue 1. _____________________________________________________________________________________ key role in these events was played by Bogdo gegen, who appeared to be a reasonable leader for all Mongols and ruled the movement. The independence of Mongolia was declared due to the unhesitating position of Bogdo Gegen, who became the Mongolian khagan or great king of that time. He could manage to consolidate in this struggle both the clerical and secular elite, and secure its support from Lamas and other strata of society. Successful consequences of the liberation movement reinforced the intention of the Mongolian elite to devolve the supreme power to Bogdo Gegen. Thus, the Mongolian national-liberation movement was formed and passed through under the leadership of Buddhist hierarchy, despite opposition of certain nobles. The analysis of archive documents allows us to conclude that the leading role in the beginning phase of the liberation movement (1905 — early 1906) was played by the Eastern Mongolian or Khalkha aristocracy, whose members lived in present-day Mongolia or Outer Mongolia. They embraced the idea of pan-Mongolism or all-Mongolian alliance since 1905 and it was developed by representatives of Eastern Mongolia, whereas the elite of Inner Mongolia embraced the idea only after 1917. The social situation in Mongolia during the discussed period determines the character of policy of two concerned states, namely Russia and Japan, in respect of the “Mongolian problem”; they divided their own “influence belt”. The first treaty was concluded in 1907, the second in 1912. Both countries, working on strengthening their ascendancy, had actively used the religious factor in areas of their influences: Japan in Inner Mongolia and Russia in Outer Mongolia. _____________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2010 172
January-March 2010 JOURNAL OF EURASIAN STUDIES Volume II., Issue 1. _____________________________________________________________________________________ Author: Aynur Sibgatullin USMANOVA, Larisa Aynur Sibgatullin. Tatar Internet Title: Tatar Internet. (Second edition) Publisher: Medina, Nizhny Novgorod Year of publishing: 2009 (first edition 2008) Language: Russian Number of pages: 114 ББК 32.973+63.3 (2Рос - Тат), УДК 681+9с (Тат) www.idmedina.ru www.islamrf.ru www.islamnn.ru www.nizgar.ru This book (the first edition was published in 2008) gives a detailed picture of current situation and prospects for development of national (Tatar) segment in the Internet. Although a number of books exist concerning the Internet influence on social environment, this is a first paper to be devoted solely to the Internet influence on transformation of national identity of minorities that have no own sovereign state. Nowadays many IT programs and systems already support not only official national languages, but also non-official languages of minorities. We see how national _____________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2010 173
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