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January-March 2010 JOURNAL OF EURASIAN STUDIES Volume II., Issue 1. _____________________________________________________________________________________ MOLNÁR, Zsolt & MOLNÁRNÉ CZEGLÉDI, Cecília The Creative Hungarian Language and Its Special Teaching Method Part 3. : The Roots and Their System 1 In the previous parts of this series we highlighted the essence of Hungarian language: the method how it creates the wordbushes from the roots by creators and examined the origin of basic morphological elements: the sound symbolical nature of our language. Now we turn more deeply to one group of the basic elements, the roots, and will examine their nature, origin and system. As we wrote earlier in the first part: The roots in Hungarian language Roots are the basic starting point in every Hungarian word creation. They form the base of every Hungarian word by holding the basic meaning of it. In every case during word creation we build upon the root, which most strongly determines the meaning of the word. The other elements, mainly the creators, only modify it, or to be more precise, provide extra meaning, or alter the meaning of the root. This modification is sometimes significant, sometimes less. Root is the smallest unit in language with clean cut meaning, to which no suffixes (creators, relators) are suffixed. Roots are built from one, two or three (and rarely four) phonemes. Units built from more then this could be dissociated into smaller elements; the practical speaking sense could separate into minor units. One-element roots are the phonemes themselves. According to Marácz László 2 the vowels of the Hungarian language are the one-element roots. He counted 20 in this group. The two-element roots are the vowel–consonant pairs, in this direction or backward. Their number could be theoretically 14x24x2 = 672 or 16x26x2 = 832, depending on how many vowels and consonants we differentiate. These are only theoretical possibilities; we do not use all of them. Marácz László counted 481, from which 335 are vowel–consonant type and 146 are consonant–vowel type. All three-element roots are consonant–vowel–consonant type. The theoretical possibilities could be 24x14x24 =8064 (if we calculate only with the lesser possibilities). According to Marácz László there are 1 Authors´ homepage is: http://www.tisztamagyarnyelv.hu/ 2 Marácz László: A kétszer kaksi igazsága http://www.kincseslada.hu/magyarsag/content.php?article.258 _____________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2010 88
January-March 2010 JOURNAL OF EURASIAN STUDIES Volume II., Issue 1. _____________________________________________________________________________________ 1500 roots in this category used in practice. (The vowel–consonant–vowel units are not roots because we separate them to a vowel consonant root plus a vowel creator. Our speaking sense always does this.) Czakó Gábor pointed out that there are a few four-element roots, too. Examples are: prüsz, trüsz, brum, krák. All are sound imitators. There are about 2000 roots; they are deeply interconnected by family ties. The consonant–vowel–consonant types are the most frequent; they constitute 75 % of all roots. Some of the roots are used alone nowadays, e.g. kar, kör, mar, rom, rag, etc. Other roots are not used alone nowadays, only in further created form (but were used earlier), now they could be inferred from their wordbush, e.g. ker, gör, tap, etc. Trunk: it is a word derivated from root with creator(s), but not used today alone, we only use now its descendants. Parts of the root As the root is the smallest unit of the language with clean cut meaning, it does not mean that it does not have smaller identifiable parts, with characteristic features. All of these smaller parts are expressing special meaning-direction contained in the root. Core of the root: The first one or the first two phonemes (if they are not roots themselves) are called by CzF the core of the root. They define it as: it is the seed of the root, from which the root is created with adding one phoneme, but not real creator, e.g. in roots göb, göcs, gör, göm, the core of the root is gö, but in the words itt, ide, ott, oda the i, o are roots, because t and d are real creators. We define it as the shorter first part of the root, expressing special meaning-direction. Frame of the root. The consonants of the root constitute the trunk of the root. In many cases the meanings of the roots with the same consonant frame differ only with the colour of the vowels, therefore are very similar. Marácz László calls this frame: ’creating root’. The formula in case of three element roots is: C_C. In case of K_R the roots are: kör, ker, kor, kar, etc. All of them carry the meaning: ’line or movement curved, round, reverting or folding back into itself’ 3 . According to our research every phoneme and phoneme pairs of the root could be considered as ‘part of the root’; this question is only relevant when we compare the roots or look for relatives. In other words: what is the connection between two (or more) roots: the first phoneme(s); the frame of consonants; the same phonemes, but in converse order; the last phoneme(s) (seldom), or other? In Hungarian it is very frequent that the meaning connection of the roots goes hand in hand with the formal connection between them. This strong relationship between meaning and formal connection gives us the system of the roots. 3 Marácz László: Nyelvi és képi gyökök a magyar kultúra megtartói. http://www.kincseslada.hu/magyarsag/content.php?article.177 _____________________________________________________________________________________ © Copyright Mikes International 2001-2010 89
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