EurasianStudies_0110..

January-March 2010 JOURNAL OF EURASIAN STUDIES Volume II., Issue 1.
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1.2. The name hungar came from Turkish languages
The ethnonym is primary and the name of the territory is secondary. The ugor was a western Turkish
language, and the ugor came from unnugur. The ugors were in contact with Turkish people for 500 years
in the East from the curve of the Volga River. Jugria keeps the memory of the Bulgarian-Turkish people
from the Ural region. The most ancient variant is the form Ugra, and j- as a front vowel is a normal
Russian result, Syrjan forms Jögra, Jogra are from Russian (NÉMETH 1991:22, 142). The form ugra is more
original and the jugra is a following. The obi-ugor was the name as a summary name of the Vogulish and
Ostjakish people. The Turkish form onogur came from ongur as an old Russian name of Hungarian people
and sounded ongri around the 9 th century in the old Russian. The following unnasalised forms ugre, ugri
are names of Hungarian people in the Russian Chronicles. The borrowing of the form onogur was in
South-Russia, but the borrowing of the form jugor was in the North of the Ural region. The begining j- of
Jugra was in other Russian word too, but the ending -a is the affix of the region and of the ethnonyms, the
same as the ending -a of the following words: merja, muroma, cseremisza, Obdora. The name Jugra is a
faultless derivation and its meaning is nation `Vogulish-Ostjakish` (ZSIRAI 1928-1930:446). The
Hungarian people could borrow the name onogur, ugor from onogur people in the region Kuban and from
the Bulgarians in Volga region. The Magyars had 4 influences of Bulgarian language: 1. The Magyars
moved to the latest Bashkir-Volga-Bulgarian region around 500 A.D. 2. During the 9 th century in the land
Pontus. 3. The influence of the Bulgarians from the Kasar land. 4. The influence of the Kavars.
(CZEGLÉDY 1976:82-89). The onogurs appeared in the forefront of the Caucasus in the year 463, after
them the Sabirs in the delta of Volga. The Kasars became stronger again and the ogurs migrated
(CZEGLÉDY 1981:57-70).
RÓNA-TAS András expressed his views about the ugor problem from a grammatical and historical
point of view. We know from the sources that from 460 A.D. on the western shores of the Ural River
groups of ogur or ugur people appeared, speaking r- Turkish that is a Chuvash type of Turkish language.
This group came from the East, from the Kazakh steppe, so we must exact: where came the ogurs from.
(RÓNA-TAS 1986:177).
1.3. Other opinions
According to sources jugars are ancient people related to huns and Magyars. Jugria is the ancient land
from where huns and Magyars moved to Pannonia. Jugria and ogur are the same. (GOMBOCZ 1923:171-
191). Juγur had previously the form ujiγur, from that could come ujγur and juγur (LIGETI 1931:300-314).
Outskirts of Meotis, the patria Onogoria is the west side of the Kasar Empire. Ancient Hungarian people
did live in this region in dependency of Kasars not in the time of Levedi but earlier. (LIGETI 1931:362).
The name Jugra first occured in the Muslim, Arabic-Persian geographical literature in the 11-13 th
centuries. The old Russian form could be onogur. The Hungarian peoples´ name was ugry but the name
of Ural people was jugra. First the Onogur `Hungaria` can be located in South Russia and secondary
Onogur in the Northern part of the Ural region as an ancient home of Magyars. We have to explain Jugra
from ujgur. (VÁSÁRY 1982:247-259).
There are different suggestions about the origin of the ethnonym hungar, but they all have problems
(see RÓNA-TAS 1996:209-242).
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