EXPLORATIONS IN TURKESTAN

X
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
TBXT-PIGURB.
454. A peak south of the Zerafshan Glacier .................................................. 276
455. Ice cave of the Zerafshan (taken from the darkness within, looking out) ..................... 278
456. Terraces of the Zerafshan ............................................................. 278
457. Section of glacier-thrusted alluvium in the Zerafshan Valley 45 miles below tle glacier...... 279
458. T he Zerafshan G lacier ................................................................ 280
459. Sketch-map of the end of the Zerafshan Glacier .......................................... 281
460. Section near the end of the Yakich Glacier .............................................. 282
461. The Dargum canal in the up-warped loess-steppe of Samarkand ............................ 283
462. Vertical section of interlapping loess and alluvium in a ioo-foot cliff of Obu-siob canal at crossing
of road from Samarkand to Kundi Sufi ............................................ 284
463. Terraces of the M arkan Su ........................................... ................ 285
464. Deflated silts and residual sand-dunes (Tarim) .................................... ..... 285
465. Uptilted piedmonts of Margellan ...................................................... 288
466. Manish Valley Terraces (in the Kopet Dagl Mountains) ................................... 291
467. Map of the Aralo-Caspian Sea expansions (Konshin) ...................................... 293
468. Construction of a house (in the Hissar Valley) ........................................... 300
469. A ruined citadel of the lower Zerafshan ................................................. 301
470. Diagram showing relation between erosion and burial of abandoned kurgans ................ 304
471. A fortress in tle Alai Valley on the ancient route from Bactra to Kashgar ................... 309
472. Ruins of the tomb of Bibi Khanum (Samarkand) ......................................... 310
473. P rofile of A frosiab .................................................................... 311
474. Cliff-trail up the Zerafshan gorge .............................................. 312
475. A "high valley oasis" of the Zerafshan gorge ............. ....................... ........ 312
476. A village built of cobble-stones laid with sun-dried bricks (Zerafshan gorge) ................. 313
477. Zerafshan Galcha at Yarum .......................................................... 314
478. Zerafshan Galchas near the glacier ..................................................... 315
479. Zerafshan Galchas (gentlemen) .... ................................................... 316
480. Zerafshan Galcha with his plow ............................ ........................ 316
481. Iori Kurgan ...................................................................... 317
482. Urmitan Kurgan ........................................................... ......... 318
483. Map and section of Kodishar Kurgan .................................... ............ 319
484. The citadel of HIissar .................................................... ... 320
485. River-cut mounds of Millitinskaya (Timur's gate) . ...... ............................... 321
486. An abandoned system of irrigation terraces .............................................. 326
487. A canal gully in the abandoned irrigation terraces of Anau .......................... ..................... 327
488. Map of the Murg-ab Delta. The Oasis of Merv .......................................... 331
489. Sketch-map of Odontche Tepe (Merv) ................................................... 334
490. Ios namadicus, after Lydekker; Indian Geological Survey ................................. 36
491. Teeth of Equus caballus pumpellii compared with teeth of other subfossil horses .............. 4r3
492. Natives mounted on cattle and horses ......................................... ......... 434
493. Comparative cross-sections of human femora from Anau .................................. 452
494. Comparative cross-sections of human leg bones from Anau ................................ 452
495. Sagittal sections through the tibia-talus joint........................................... 457
STONE IMPLEMENTS FROM THE NORTH AND SOUTH KURGANS.
496-502. Stone implements from North and South Kurgans .... .......................... 478
503-508. Stone implements from North Kurgan ............................................ 479
509-516. Stone implements from South Kurgan .............................................. 480
517-524. Pestles and mullers from ,South Kurgan ........................................... 481
525-528. Stone implements from South Kurgan .............................................. 482
529, 530. Stone implements from South Kurgan ............................................. 483
53 . Type of mealing-stone in both kurgans ............................................ 483
532, 533. Stone mortars from South Kurgan, Culture IV ....... ........ .................. 483
SKELETONS FROM TIHE NORTH AND SOUTH KURGANS.
534-536. Nos 5, 2, and 3, Terrace I, North Kurgan ........................................... 487
537-539. No. 4, Terrace III, and Nos. 6 and 7, Terrace II, North Kurgan ........................ 488
540-542. No 8, Terrace VIII, and Nos. 11 and 14, Terrace II, North Kurgan .................... 489
543-545. Nos. 16 and 17, East Gallery, and No. 18, North Digging 1, North Kurgan .............. 490
546--548. Nos. 19 and 23, 'Terrace B, aln No. 28, Terrace C, South Kurgan ....................... 492
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