EXPLORATIONS IN TURKESTAN

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464 HUMAN REMA<strong>IN</strong>S FROM THE NORTH KURGAN. Determination of the heights of the other individuals is not possible, because we have not, even for Europeans, the correlation of the measurements of the bones of the foot with bodily size. Still, we can judge from the size of these bones that the height of individual II was between that of I and III, while individual IV stood between III and V. Therefore, Anau I is to be considered above the average and Anau V relatively small. Since it is customary to look everywhere for pygmies, we might attempt also to construct a dwarf race out of our individual V. There are, however, several obstacles. In the first place there are no differences present that would warrant our assigning individual V to a different race from individual I. In the next place the difference between V and I may be due to a considerable range in size, such as we find among many races. A further reason for considering this the correct explanation is that we fortunately have intermediate forms, which constitute an unbroken series. We realize this best when we place side by side the preserved metatarsi I of at least four individuals. In plate 96, fig. 4, the missing metatarsus I of individual II is replaced by a bar of its presumable height. A satisfactory comparison, or even a racial diagnosis, is naturally impossible in view of the scanty material at hand; all the more so since in the bones of the extremities functional influences come so strongly into action that it is difficult to distinguish between peculiarities due to such functional action and those inherent in the race. But even if we disregard all those characteristics for which a functional cause is thinkable, there remains still a number which can with great probability be traced back to the race, and which differentiates these Anau individuals at least from the recent European, with whose skeleton we are better acquainted than with that of other races, and assign it to a primitive form. More we can not say from a study of the bones at hand. The problem would be much more simple if more abundant material, especially skulls of adults, should be found. This seems to be a possibility, for the condition of the preserved pieces allows us to assume with certainty that there are preserved many more of these interesting bone remains than have been collected.
PLATE 94. a 2 b . , IlG. 1. Right femur. Anau 1, from lateral side. 2. Right femur, a. Anau I; b, Anau V. 3. Left femur of chill. III 865, fron behlindl. 4 Lower end of femora, a, Ne:andertal 1anI; b, Anau I; c, a recent Luroplean. 4
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EXPLORATIONS IN TURKESTAN EXPEDITIO
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Ancient Anau and the Oasis-World, a
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VI CONTENTS. I'AGE. CHAPTER XV. OAS
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VIII CONTENTS. PAGE. CIIAPTER XIX.
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X LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. TBXT-PIGUR
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-r frR K "'I'RAN .A'i'P c'l 67 ~- -
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244 PHYSIOGRAPHY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN D
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2,56 PIIYSIOGRAPHY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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26)0 IPIYSIOGRAI'IIY OF CENTRAL-ASI
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262 PIIYSIOGRAPHY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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266 PHYSIOGRAPHIY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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268 PIIYSIOGRAPHY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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270 I'IIYSIOGRAPHIY OF CENTRAL-ASIA
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276 PIIYSIOGRAPIIY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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DESERTS. 279 short and the base-lev
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DESERTS. 28I The Zerafshan River is
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DESERTS. 283 The principal river wh
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DIESERTS. 285 perhaps tile unconfor
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DESERTS. 287 THE FERGANA BASIN. ITS
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DESERTS. 289 that low relief was di
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DESERTS. 291 THE ARALO-CASPIAN BASI
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- DESERTS. 293 are drowned by the p
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DESERTS. 295 ward over the Hunger S
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DESERTS. 297 Konshin believes to ha
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'1 PLATE 63 NW -
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300 PIIYSIOGRAPIIY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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- .-- - _ - -- - 304 PHYSIOGRAPHY O
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3Io PIIYSIOGRAPHIY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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OASES. 315 tributary delta descendi
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ut that would not detract from the
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OASES. 319 canal-way to the Djillan
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PLATE 65. r 0 x c K rv U) 0 c -r I
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324 PIIYSIOGRAPIHY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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PLATE 67. I
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PLATE 69. e cn er NU1 rp 7 or- r- a
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326 PIIYSIOGRAPIY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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OASES. 335 type Ia. But the signifi
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OASES. 337 tributary canal, they bu
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CHAPTER XVI.-INTRODUCTION. The rich
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INTRODUCTION. bones, chiefly the di
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346 ANIMAL REMAINS FROM THE EXCAVAT
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PLATE 72. I-'. I-^ . ,, 't t 11; 1.
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_ _ _- 348 ANIMAL REMAINS FROM THE
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3,56 ANIMAL REMAINS FROM THE EXCAVA
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PLATE 74. 4 Poephagus grunniens and
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PLATE 76. IG. . AMedian part of car
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PLATE 78. "I I 5 FIG. 1. 11asioccip
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ORDO PERISSODACTYLA. 385 of the hea
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-- --- --- __ ORDO PERISSODACTYLA.
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ORDO PERISSODACTYLA. - 389 to that
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__ _- ORDO PERISSODACTYLA. 39I RADI
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PLATE 80. ,e f FIG,. 1. Sus critatl
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FIG. 1. Long-horned ox from NeSpal,
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PLATE 84. C) lDq F 3 0 n,, 11 "O pp
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PLATE 85. 000 0 00 ao 0o 0 0 0 0 0
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CHAPTER XIX. THE HORSE OF ANAU IN I
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FOSSIL AND SUBFOSSIL ORSES AND THEI
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CRANIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN T
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PLATE 87. I 1 .:? i ; : : . . .. i
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PLATE 89. 1 2 F'l(;. 1. Nornma late
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_ _ _ _ _ ~ - 4I2 THE HORSE OF ANAU
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414 THE HORSE OF ANAU IN ITS VARIOU
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--- --- 420 THE HORSE OF ANAU IN IT
Page 253: PLATE 91. a It 1u I I s d I r ' I _
Page 256 and 257: 422 THE HORSE OF ANAU IN ITS VARIOU
Page 258 and 259: _____ ___ __ 424 THE HORSE OF ANAU
Page 264 and 265: 430 THE IHORSE OF ANAU IN ITS VARIO
Page 267 and 268: CHAPTER XX.-CONCLUDING REMARKS. We
Page 269 and 270: CONCLUDING REMARKS. 435 scanty past
Page 271 and 272: CONCLUDING REMARKS. 437 of inclosur
Page 273 and 274: CONCLUDING REMARKS. 439 The next pe
Page 275 and 276: CONCLUDING REMARKS. 441 Mesopotamia
Page 277: PART VII. DESCRIPTION OF SOME SKULL
Page 280 and 281: 446 SKULLS FROM ANAU. OTHER SPECIME
Page 283: PLATE 93. C I. ; FlI. 1. Imperfect
Page 287 and 288: CHAPTER XXII. SOME HUMAN REMAINS FO
Page 289 and 290: HUMAN REMAINS FROM THE NORTH KURGAN
Page 301: HUMAN REMAINS FROM THE NORTH KURGAN
Page 307: PLATE 96. a b c 1 a -- b ~~Z a 3 D3
Page 310 and 311: - ~ : _ _ _ 466 HUMAN REMAINS FROM
Page 312 and 313: 468 HUMAN REMAINS FROM THE NORTH KU
Page 315 and 316: CHAPTER XXIII. THE REMAINS OF PLANT
Page 317: REMAINS OF PLANTS FROM THE NORTH KU
Page 321: PART X. STONE IMPLEMENTS AND SKELET
Page 324 and 325: 478 LARGER STONE IMPLEMENTS OF THE
Page 330 and 331: 484 SKELETONS EXCAVATED IN NORTH KU
Page 338 and 339: 492 SKELETONS EXCAVATED IN SOUTH KU
Page 340 and 341: 494 SKELETONS EXCAVATED IN SOUTH KU
Page 342 and 343: II INDEX. PAGE. Boucher de Perthes
Page 344 and 345: IV INDEX. PAGE. Erosion cycles-Cont
Page 346 and 347: VI INDEX. PAGE. Horses, fossil, sub
Page 348 and 349: VIII INDEX. PAGE. Ox, wild (Asiatic
Page 350: x INDEX. PAGE. aksh Valley.........
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EXPLORATIONS IN TURKESTAN

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