EXPLORATIONS IN TURKESTAN

_ _ _-
348 ANIMAL REMAINS FROM THE EXCAVATIONS AT ANAU.
Canis familiaris matris optimae Jeitteles. (See plate 72, figs. i and 2.)
I have with great care put together the remains of the skull found at +28
feet and thus reconstructed the whole skull as shown in plate 72, fig. I. The
length of the skull is I64 mm. Therefore, this dog belongs to the dogs of medium
size. The skull is relatively low and approaches in this respect Canis poutiatini
Studer, and the dingo. It is but little developed in width and is arched. Also,
in the temporal region it is but slightly concave. The sagittal-muscle ridge is
strongly developed. The tympanic cavities are relatively small, blistery, and
without the usual keel-shaped ridge. The face shows a slight zygomatic arch
and relatively broad, short palate. The relation of the dental arch of the upper
jaw is as follows: The length of the carnassial tooth is 25 per cent of the whole row
of back teeth, that of the three premolars is 42.5 per cent. We have, therefore,
to do with the genuine dog. The carnassial tooth, however, has only an absolute
length of 17 mm. and a width of 8 mm., which indicates a house-dog. The other
cranial measurements are easily seen in the following table, in which the skull
is compared with various others of similar size, of wild and domestic Canidse.
Table of dimensions (in millimeters).
Skull.
c
te
Australian
Dingo,
Pariah dogs,
after Studer.
after
c , Studer - - --- .
o ' (op. cit.)
ti
, -
Male.
i3
'Female. ' -
c -
c I I I 1 I I c
N No.
1. - 4 . No. 3. India Egypt Egypt. y
%I'
C 5.
c -Q. 7
Basilar length ............ . 64
Lengtll of palate.. ......... 8
Width of palate.......... 5
(reatest width of skull. .. 57
Width of nleatus auditorius I
externus .............. 57
Wi(lth on. areus zygoiiatictls !102
Least dimensions between
inferior borders (of orbits 3
Height of skull ......... 54
Length of teeth ........... 6,)
Length of caarnassial toothl. 17
l,ength of molars ......... S
Width of carn:assial toothl 9
Iasicranial axis.......... 46
Basifacial axis ............ I 12
166 165 ti6i 167 157 i16
91 92 9 94 84 9
49 52 147 50 47 4
5 57
7 58 56 6
5 56I 57 52.5 55 50 6
105 I112 .... 112 98
34
52
64
I8
18
49
11 -
35
51
62
I7
'7 1
48
117
42
51 59
65
17
I7 i8
9 1
43 47
IS
12()
I
39
53
63
I8
19
10
44
113
3
5
6
2(
I
4
12{
64
91
5o
58
52
04
35
58
66
18
20
10
45
I19
168
94
49
56
59
104
34
55
68
i8
17
8
48
120
164 164
91 1 9
49 50
56 56
6o
6o
36 .
57 58
6i 61
15 18
15 i8
7 ..
.... 50
... 11l
I
208
115
53
57.5
75
....
59 l
I....
21
20
10
60
152
After long and careful consideration I give below certain conclusions which
are based on these comparative measurements and on the direct comparison
of the Anau skull with the collection of dog skulls in the museum at Bern, and
also especially with the rich collection of subfossil Bohemian dog skulls, containing
abundant material from 50 different Bohemian localities, which the Museum
Society in Teplitz had the kindness to intrust to me for determination and publication.