EXPLORATIONS IN TURKESTAN
EXPLORATIONS IN TURKESTAN
EXPLORATIONS IN TURKESTAN
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382<br />
ANIMAL REMA<strong>IN</strong>S FROM THE EXCAVATIONS AT ANAU.<br />
ANTELOP<strong>IN</strong>IE.<br />
Gazella subgutturosa Gueldenstedt. (See plate 76, figs. 11-13 and plate 84.)<br />
Several of the best-preserved bones of all the layers belong to the Gazella<br />
subgutturosa Gueldenstedt, the small but beautiful antelope that still lives in Persia<br />
and Turkestan. There are both horn-cores and teeth, parts of lower jaws and<br />
extremity bones, which make the presence of the animal very evident. It occurs<br />
frequently from the lowest layers below the level of the plain to the summit of<br />
the kurgan.<br />
It is clear that this swift game was successfully hunted by the inhabitants<br />
of culture period I of the kurgan. Assuming with Mucke,* that the wild animals<br />
of such an early period would show no great fear of man, it nevertheless seems<br />
strange that they could be killed without the aid of the dog, and it is probable<br />
that a dog, if not the same as the one we find in the higher layers, existed also<br />
at the earlier period, although no bones were discovered.<br />
The great hardness and the absence of cavities in the horn-cores have served<br />
well to protect the remains of this animal from destruction by tooth and time.<br />
The color of the horn-cores is different from that of the inclosing earth, ranging<br />
from dark-red to light-yellow. In the following table are given the dimensions<br />
of some of these in the order of their position in the kurgan and in comparison<br />
with the measurements of the head of a modern individual. These animals are<br />
also represented in the sculptures of the ancient Assyrians (plate 84).<br />
Table of dimensions (in millimeters).<br />
Diameter Circum- idth of Circum-<br />
Diameter f Lateral Circum- Length. ference<br />
Horn-cores. Length. anterior to d l aetera ferene frontal hn of horn-<br />
North Kurgan, Anau: l j 8<br />
-21 feet ................ .. .... I 2 ....<br />
-17 feet ................ 155 30 i 22 90 ......<br />
- 9 feet ............ 175 31 21 90 .... .... ....<br />
+8s5 feet ........ 145 38 27 105 O ....<br />
....<br />
15 feet .... .......... . 165 34 24 .... ....<br />
+ 18 7 feet .............. 16 j 32 24 92 ....<br />
+27 feet................ 210 33 23 9 ...<br />
+ 30 feet ................ 70 34 24 94 .... ...<br />
Gazella subguiturosa, stuffed<br />
male adult specimen, Mus.<br />
Bern................... .... 3 25 .... 15 28 95<br />
CERVID/E.<br />
THE STAG OF PERSIA.<br />
Cervus sp. [maral Ogilbyt(?)]. (See plate 76, fig. O1.)<br />
This great deer is represented by the remains of an antler. The main branch<br />
has been knocked off with a sharp instrument and only the crown or burr remains.<br />
The circumference is 25 cm. In the European stag from the Schlossberg I found<br />
24.5 cm. in eighteen antlers and i9 cm. in twelve. It is probably C. maral Ogilby,<br />
but for lack of material this can not be proved.<br />
*Mucke, Urgeschichte des Ackerbaues und der Viehzucht. Greifswald, 1898.<br />
-Gray, Ccrvlus wallichii. Proc. Zool. Soc., 1850, p. 228, 1840, p. 1.
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