EXPLORATIONS IN TURKESTAN

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396 ANIMAL REMA<strong>IN</strong>S FROM THE EXCAVATIONS AT ANAU. The Anau horses range themselves quite in the beginning of this table, with minimum of 22.0, mean of 26.0, and maximum of 35.0, and show themselves, therefore, to stand nearest to Equus stenonis, here again inclining to the half-asses and asses. According to Tscherski, however, Equus stenonis is nothing else than the Siberian fossil horse which he describes. METATARSUS TERTIUS. Of metatarsal bones we have two completely preserved specimens, from which we can determine easily the index of width, which further confirms, in the most striking manner, the thin-footed character of the Anau horse. Index to width. Equus onager .............................................. 9. Anau horse, culture I, -21 feet ............................. 9.5 Equus hemionus .................................. o.o Equus przewalskii ......... ....................... ....... . I Small German bronze-age horse of Spandau ................... xo.6 Anau horse, culture I, + i5 feet .............................. Io.5 Small German horse of the Schlossberg ....................... i..9 Large Schlossberg horse ........................... ......... 12.0 Siberian fossil horse of the Yana River .......................... 13.3 German diluvial horse of Westeregeln ........................ 13.9 This table is particularly instructive, since in it so great a variation is shown between two metatarsi of the Anau horse that the Spandau horse of the bronze age is seen to be still more narrow-footed than the Anau horse I. PHALANGES. The phalanges also confirm what has been said, since their measurements agree only with the smallest breeds and species of horses. The larger of these phalanges from culture I, No. 20, -20 feet, and from No. I205, -I5 feet, as well as No. i68 from the Komorof trench, must be considered as the phalanges of the posterior extremities, and the others as belonging to the anterior extremities. ON THE TYPE AND THE RELATIONS OF THE HORSES FROM ANAU. We have now come to the close of our discussion of the remains of the horse of Anau, and it remains only to give a short recapitulation of the results and to draw some inferences. In order to deal clearly with this subject, however, we must first try to determine arithmetically the approximate size of this horse in the manner formerly used by me,* the results of which I give below: Height of withers (in centimeters). Calculated from the scapula ............................ Calculated from the tibia ............................ 32.7 132.9 Calculated from the metacarpus ........................ Calculated from the metatarsus ........................ 146.5 136.4 Mean height .......................................... 37 *Die Tierwelt der Ansiedelungen an Schlossberge zu Burg an der Spree, pp. 18, 276, 277.
PLATE 83. ,r * I I I I Fi:;. I. Bos twdiicdiu.s Flalconer. The Assyrian king Ashur-nasirapal hiunting tile Asiatic wild bull, u. c. 885-86(,(, Niinrul (;;allery, British Museum. 2. Ovir aries palu.sris, horn cores and skull frolm the turbaries of Walthamnstow (lngland). 3. Babylonian cylinder-seal, with representation of ar- ox of the lolg-horned breed.
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EXPLORATIONS IN TURKESTAN EXPEDITIO
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Ancient Anau and the Oasis-World, a
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VI CONTENTS. I'AGE. CHAPTER XV. OAS
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VIII CONTENTS. PAGE. CIIAPTER XIX.
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X LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. TBXT-PIGUR
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-r frR K "'I'RAN .A'i'P c'l 67 ~- -
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244 PHYSIOGRAPHY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN D
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2,56 PIIYSIOGRAPHY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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26)0 IPIYSIOGRAI'IIY OF CENTRAL-ASI
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262 PIIYSIOGRAPHY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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266 PHYSIOGRAPHIY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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268 PIIYSIOGRAPHY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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270 I'IIYSIOGRAPHIY OF CENTRAL-ASIA
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276 PIIYSIOGRAPIIY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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DESERTS. 279 short and the base-lev
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DESERTS. 28I The Zerafshan River is
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DESERTS. 283 The principal river wh
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DIESERTS. 285 perhaps tile unconfor
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DESERTS. 287 THE FERGANA BASIN. ITS
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DESERTS. 289 that low relief was di
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DESERTS. 291 THE ARALO-CASPIAN BASI
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- DESERTS. 293 are drowned by the p
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DESERTS. 295 ward over the Hunger S
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DESERTS. 297 Konshin believes to ha
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'1 PLATE 63 NW -
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300 PIIYSIOGRAPIIY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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- .-- - _ - -- - 304 PHYSIOGRAPHY O
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3Io PIIYSIOGRAPHIY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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OASES. 315 tributary delta descendi
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ut that would not detract from the
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OASES. 319 canal-way to the Djillan
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PLATE 65. r 0 x c K rv U) 0 c -r I
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324 PIIYSIOGRAPIHY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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PLATE 67. I
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PLATE 69. e cn er NU1 rp 7 or- r- a
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326 PIIYSIOGRAPIY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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OASES. 335 type Ia. But the signifi
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OASES. 337 tributary canal, they bu
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CHAPTER XVI.-INTRODUCTION. The rich
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INTRODUCTION. bones, chiefly the di
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346 ANIMAL REMAINS FROM THE EXCAVAT
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PLATE 72. I-'. I-^ . ,, 't t 11; 1.
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_ _ _- 348 ANIMAL REMAINS FROM THE
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3,56 ANIMAL REMAINS FROM THE EXCAVA
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PLATE 74. 4 Poephagus grunniens and
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Page 173: PLATE 76. IG. . AMedian part of car
Page 191: PLATE 78. "I I 5 FIG. 1. 11asioccip
Page 195 and 196: ORDO PERISSODACTYLA. 385 of the hea
Page 197 and 198: -- --- --- __ ORDO PERISSODACTYLA.
Page 199 and 200: ORDO PERISSODACTYLA. - 389 to that
Page 201 and 202: __ _- ORDO PERISSODACTYLA. 39I RADI
Page 203: PLATE 80. ,e f FIG,. 1. Sus critatl
Page 207: FIG. 1. Long-horned ox from NeSpal,
Page 215: PLATE 84. C) lDq F 3 0 n,, 11 "O pp
Page 221: PLATE 85. 000 0 00 ao 0o 0 0 0 0 0
Page 225 and 226: CHAPTER XIX. THE HORSE OF ANAU IN I
Page 227 and 228: FOSSIL AND SUBFOSSIL ORSES AND THEI
Page 229 and 230: CRANIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN T
Page 235: PLATE 87. I 1 .:? i ; : : . . .. i
Page 239: PLATE 89. 1 2 F'l(;. 1. Nornma late
Page 242 and 243: _ _ _ _ _ ~ - 4I2 THE HORSE OF ANAU
Page 244 and 245: 414 THE HORSE OF ANAU IN ITS VARIOU
Page 250 and 251: --- --- 420 THE HORSE OF ANAU IN IT
Page 253: PLATE 91. a It 1u I I s d I r ' I _
Page 258 and 259: _____ ___ __ 424 THE HORSE OF ANAU
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428 THE HORSE OF ANAU IN ITS VARIOU
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430 THE IHORSE OF ANAU IN ITS VARIO
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CHAPTER XX.-CONCLUDING REMARKS. We
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CONCLUDING REMARKS. 435 scanty past
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CONCLUDING REMARKS. 437 of inclosur
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CONCLUDING REMARKS. 439 The next pe
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CONCLUDING REMARKS. 441 Mesopotamia
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PART VII. DESCRIPTION OF SOME SKULL
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446 SKULLS FROM ANAU. OTHER SPECIME
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PLATE 93. C I. ; FlI. 1. Imperfect
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CHAPTER XXII. SOME HUMAN REMAINS FO
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HUMAN REMAINS FROM THE NORTH KURGAN
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PLATE 94. a 2 b . , IlG. 1. Right f
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PLATE 96. a b c 1 a -- b ~~Z a 3 D3
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- ~ : _ _ _ 466 HUMAN REMAINS FROM
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468 HUMAN REMAINS FROM THE NORTH KU
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CHAPTER XXIII. THE REMAINS OF PLANT
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REMAINS OF PLANTS FROM THE NORTH KU
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PART X. STONE IMPLEMENTS AND SKELET
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478 LARGER STONE IMPLEMENTS OF THE
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484 SKELETONS EXCAVATED IN NORTH KU
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492 SKELETONS EXCAVATED IN SOUTH KU
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494 SKELETONS EXCAVATED IN SOUTH KU
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II INDEX. PAGE. Boucher de Perthes
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IV INDEX. PAGE. Erosion cycles-Cont
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VI INDEX. PAGE. Horses, fossil, sub
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VIII INDEX. PAGE. Ox, wild (Asiatic
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x INDEX. PAGE. aksh Valley.........
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EXPLORATIONS IN TURKESTAN

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