EXPLORATIONS IN TURKESTAN

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446 SKULLS FROM ANAU. OTHER SPECIMENS, NOT SHOWN ON PLATES. No. 7, A.N.K., Terrace I, Skeleton a. Fragment of skull of child, type of dolichocephalic skull. No. 8, A.N.K., +37 feet. Skull of child, fragment. Breadth, 127 mm. It is an ovoides, or ellipsoides cuneatus. RESULTS. From examination of these skulls it is found that- The characters of the skulls of Anau, both in calvaria and in facial bones, do not show any different structure from the characters which commonly we find in the skulls of the Mediterranean variety with long dolichomesocephalic form. The cephalic indices, together with the nasal index in the fragment No. 2 (plate 92, figs. 4 and 5), the form of the maxilla and of the nasal bone, show apparently this convergence of characters. The prophatnia of the same fragment, No. 2, is not absolutely absent in the Mediterranean race. The pentagonal form of the skull is also common in the Mediterranean race, and is a general character in the skulls of the fetus and children. (See my memoirs: Le forme del cranio umano nello sviluppo fetale; Rivista di Biologia, Como, I900. Nuove osservazioni sulle forme del cranio umano; Atti Societi romana di antropologia, 1904. Die Variationen des menschlichen Schadels und die Klassification der Rassen; Archiv f. Anthropologie, N. F. III, I905.) These skulls differ absolutely from the so-called Mongolian type. The results shown above give a certainty to my hypothesis of some years ago on the probable penetration into Central Asia of one branch of the Mediterranean variety. (See Gli Arii in Europa e in Asia, Torino, I903.) Table of measurements (in millimeters) of the fragmentary skulls, adult and infant, of North Kurgan, Anau. + = feet above, - = feet below datum. +25. Adult. I 2 Terr. III. Adult. I 3 +23. Inf. 4 +32 to +37. Inf. 5 6 7 8 - 1 + 32 to Terr. Inf. +37-. Inf. I Inf. I. +37 9 +25. Length .................. Breadth ................. Index ................... Frontal breadth (min.)..... Height from auditory foramen ................... Nasal height ............. Nasal width.............. Index.................... Orbital width ........... Orbital height ........... Index................... Palato-maxillary breadth... Palato-maxillary length ... Cranial form ............. i85 14i? 76.2 95 107 36 30 83.3 Pentag. .... 47? 22 46.8 6i 55 i.... IL 166 122 73.4 Ovoid. 170 120 70.5 ... . ... . ... . Pen tag. 170-175? !I88 .. 124 Ji25 .... 72.9-70.8 66 . ... .... .... .... .... ........ .... ........ Ellips. Ellips. .... 127 . .. . . .. . ... . Ellips. I24? Ellips.
PLATE 92. \ / IIGS. 1-3. Skull of adult, probably female (No. I, A.N.K., +25 feet). IFrom top of first culture, North Kurgan, Anau. 4-5. Fragment of adult skull (No. 2, A.N.K , Terrace III). From near end of first culture, North Kurgan, Anau.
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EXPLORATIONS IN TURKESTAN EXPEDITIO
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Ancient Anau and the Oasis-World, a
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VI CONTENTS. I'AGE. CHAPTER XV. OAS
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VIII CONTENTS. PAGE. CIIAPTER XIX.
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X LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. TBXT-PIGUR
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-r frR K "'I'RAN .A'i'P c'l 67 ~- -
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244 PHYSIOGRAPHY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN D
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2,56 PIIYSIOGRAPHY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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26)0 IPIYSIOGRAI'IIY OF CENTRAL-ASI
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262 PIIYSIOGRAPHY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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266 PHYSIOGRAPHIY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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268 PIIYSIOGRAPHY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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270 I'IIYSIOGRAPHIY OF CENTRAL-ASIA
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276 PIIYSIOGRAPIIY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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DESERTS. 279 short and the base-lev
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DESERTS. 28I The Zerafshan River is
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DESERTS. 283 The principal river wh
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DIESERTS. 285 perhaps tile unconfor
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DESERTS. 287 THE FERGANA BASIN. ITS
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DESERTS. 289 that low relief was di
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DESERTS. 291 THE ARALO-CASPIAN BASI
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- DESERTS. 293 are drowned by the p
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DESERTS. 295 ward over the Hunger S
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DESERTS. 297 Konshin believes to ha
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'1 PLATE 63 NW -
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300 PIIYSIOGRAPIIY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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- .-- - _ - -- - 304 PHYSIOGRAPHY O
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3Io PIIYSIOGRAPHIY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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OASES. 315 tributary delta descendi
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ut that would not detract from the
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OASES. 319 canal-way to the Djillan
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PLATE 65. r 0 x c K rv U) 0 c -r I
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324 PIIYSIOGRAPIHY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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PLATE 67. I
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PLATE 69. e cn er NU1 rp 7 or- r- a
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326 PIIYSIOGRAPIY OF CENTRAL-ASIAN
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OASES. 335 type Ia. But the signifi
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OASES. 337 tributary canal, they bu
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CHAPTER XVI.-INTRODUCTION. The rich
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INTRODUCTION. bones, chiefly the di
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346 ANIMAL REMAINS FROM THE EXCAVAT
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PLATE 72. I-'. I-^ . ,, 't t 11; 1.
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_ _ _- 348 ANIMAL REMAINS FROM THE
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3,56 ANIMAL REMAINS FROM THE EXCAVA
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PLATE 74. 4 Poephagus grunniens and
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PLATE 76. IG. . AMedian part of car
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PLATE 78. "I I 5 FIG. 1. 11asioccip
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ORDO PERISSODACTYLA. 385 of the hea
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-- --- --- __ ORDO PERISSODACTYLA.
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ORDO PERISSODACTYLA. - 389 to that
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__ _- ORDO PERISSODACTYLA. 39I RADI
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PLATE 80. ,e f FIG,. 1. Sus critatl
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FIG. 1. Long-horned ox from NeSpal,
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PLATE 84. C) lDq F 3 0 n,, 11 "O pp
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PLATE 85. 000 0 00 ao 0o 0 0 0 0 0
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CHAPTER XIX. THE HORSE OF ANAU IN I
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FOSSIL AND SUBFOSSIL ORSES AND THEI
Page 229 and 230: CRANIOLOGICAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN T
Page 235: PLATE 87. I 1 .:? i ; : : . . .. i
Page 239: PLATE 89. 1 2 F'l(;. 1. Nornma late
Page 242 and 243: _ _ _ _ _ ~ - 4I2 THE HORSE OF ANAU
Page 244 and 245: 414 THE HORSE OF ANAU IN ITS VARIOU
Page 250 and 251: --- --- 420 THE HORSE OF ANAU IN IT
Page 253: PLATE 91. a It 1u I I s d I r ' I _
Page 258 and 259: _____ ___ __ 424 THE HORSE OF ANAU
Page 264 and 265: 430 THE IHORSE OF ANAU IN ITS VARIO
Page 267 and 268: CHAPTER XX.-CONCLUDING REMARKS. We
Page 269 and 270: CONCLUDING REMARKS. 435 scanty past
Page 271 and 272: CONCLUDING REMARKS. 437 of inclosur
Page 273 and 274: CONCLUDING REMARKS. 439 The next pe
Page 275 and 276: CONCLUDING REMARKS. 441 Mesopotamia
Page 277: PART VII. DESCRIPTION OF SOME SKULL
Page 283: PLATE 93. C I. ; FlI. 1. Imperfect
Page 287 and 288: CHAPTER XXII. SOME HUMAN REMAINS FO
Page 289 and 290: HUMAN REMAINS FROM THE NORTH KURGAN
Page 303: PLATE 94. a 2 b . , IlG. 1. Right f
Page 307: PLATE 96. a b c 1 a -- b ~~Z a 3 D3
Page 310 and 311: - ~ : _ _ _ 466 HUMAN REMAINS FROM
Page 312 and 313: 468 HUMAN REMAINS FROM THE NORTH KU
Page 315 and 316: CHAPTER XXIII. THE REMAINS OF PLANT
Page 317: REMAINS OF PLANTS FROM THE NORTH KU
Page 321: PART X. STONE IMPLEMENTS AND SKELET
Page 324 and 325: 478 LARGER STONE IMPLEMENTS OF THE
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484 SKELETONS EXCAVATED IN NORTH KU
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492 SKELETONS EXCAVATED IN SOUTH KU
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494 SKELETONS EXCAVATED IN SOUTH KU
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II INDEX. PAGE. Boucher de Perthes
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IV INDEX. PAGE. Erosion cycles-Cont
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VI INDEX. PAGE. Horses, fossil, sub
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VIII INDEX. PAGE. Ox, wild (Asiatic
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x INDEX. PAGE. aksh Valley.........
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