EXPLORATIONS IN TURKESTAN

I
----
THE BONES OF THE EXTREMITIES.
417
Table of dimensions (in millimeters).
' Pile- Turbary
Skull. S~kull. ~ Z'
m' ^ Turbaryi dwelling of : Kutof
the AfAuver- terschitzi
I >i Somme, ner (Bohe-
,¢ Q France. (Switz--
erland).
mia).
Greatest length................... 449 407 ....
Basilar length ............... .I 389 396....
Lateral length of frontal bone ....... .. 151 170
Length of molars .............. . 62 59 i ..
Length of premolars .............. . 8 .......
Length of diastema ................ 54 60 ..
Length of palate ....... ....
200 189
Length of dental series of lower jaw.. 141 .. ..
Length of diastema of lower jaw.... 58 .... ..
Width of ascending branch of lower
jaw ........................ ...
Greatest length of lower jaw ........ 334 ..
Length of frontal .................. 102 173 ....
Greatest height of skull......... ... .
Greatest height of occipital .......... 89 85 82
Least height of occipital ............ 62 60 55
Greatest width of occipital .......... o16 99 102
Least width of occipital ............ 60 .......
Least width of frontal ............. 071 64 70
Greatest width of frontal.......... 185 167 174
Distance between interior corners of
orbits......................... 113 113 114
Width of brain-skull between tempora
......................... .... 99 89
Width between oral ends of crista
molaris ....................... 138 133 132
Width of corpus premaxillare ...... 52 48 ....
Greatest width of nasalia.......... go 84 ....
Width of palate between molar 3.. 93 71 73
Width of palate before premolar 2... 44 47 ....
477
436
169
67
8i
89
233
159
81
107
352
197
120
85
57
94
54
81
182
113
100
148
62
98
61
Equus caballus pumpellii.
---- ---- _---
543*
487*
185
84
89
. .. .
244
84
200
134
10
162
10
87
58
* Not exactly measurable.
Bronze
time of
Hostomitz,
Bohemia
79
89
210
....
80
188
132
110
150
91
....
Turbary
of Sobrusan
(Bohemia).
157
189
...6
74
47
89
49
74
168
113
99
148
90
73
....
---------
497*
453*
191
72
91
97
267
225*
115
89
52
109
60
72*
184*
114*
-
Alemann
tomb of
Konigsfelden
(Switzerland).
Equus
Eu caballus
uu
przewal.-
a l a
p' *nl- irobuslus I
skii Pol.
allstatt
buss
No. 5212, time of
after Schuet-
SalenskiS
atarschen.;
528 560*
472 506*
.... | 198
.... 81
178 ...
74 I ....
421
250
246
111
114
88
202
110
.. 4.
74 1
. . ..
. . . .
245
119
11o
62
10o8
67
90
209
143
110 I 6 o
165
112
95
. . . .
THE BONES OF THE EXTREMITIES.
Referring to my comparative treatment of the bones of the extremities, in
chapter xviII, I will, to avoid repetition, lay stress only on such characteristics
and dimensions of these bones as are of importance to our discussion; besides, I
will add the tarsal and femoral bones, which were omitted in the earlier discussion.
We have already noticed the marked slenderness of the scapula of Equus pumpellii,
a feature which Frank* has already pointed out as a characteristic of the
Arabian-Oriental horse. Particularly noteworthy in comparison with the scapulae
of the diluvial horse of Kesslerloch is the slight convexity of the contours of the
bone at the collum; the edge of the articulation and the tuberculum supraglenoidale
on the one hand and the squama on the other hand project very little over the
straight line; this helps to produce the general impression of great slenderness.
From this it is clear that the Roman horse of Vindonissa was almost as large as
a recent horse of Pinzgau.
*Frank, Anatomie der Haustiere, 2 Aufl., p. 210.