Sykes' History of Persia Vol 2 (pdf) - Heritage Institute

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106 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. The power and influence or the Great Vizier seemed to remain unimpaired, and when an old man he wrote his celebrated Sidsat Ndma, or "Treatise on the Art of Government," which won high praise from his royal master. But nevertheless he and Malik fell, Shah, who resembled Haroun-al-Rashid in his good fortune, has also come down to us with a tarnished name for his dismissal of the Great Vizier, even although there was no such tragedy as accompanied the downfall of the Barmecides. It appears that complaint was made against a Jand- ^sonôf the Nizam-ul-Mulk, and the aged Vizier, who ha3 doubtless grown overbearing with years, returned an angry reply to his master's reproaches. The incident might have passed unnoticed but for the fact that XuckaJL Khatun, 1 the favourite wife of Malik Shah, was hostile to the Vizier, and consequently ~Ke was dismissed. He was not put to death or imprisoned, but shortly after his downfall was assassinated by a fdaL or devoir who was believed to have been sent by the famous Hasan Sabbah. There is an old legend to the effect that the islizam-ul- Mulk was at school at Nishapur with Omar Khayyam and Hasan^ Sabbah, and the three boys swore eternal friencTship, agreeing that whichever of them succeeded in life should help the other two. The Nizam-ul-Mulk fulfilled '. his obligation in the case of Omar Khayyam, who refused the governorship of Nishapur but asked for a pension, which was granted. He also found a suitable post for Hasan Sabbah, but the latter intrigued to supplant his benefactor, and on the failure of his designs became the Nizam-ul-Mulk's enemy. This legend is too well known to be passed by, but disparities of age make its truth impossible. As in the case of the Barmecides, profound sympathy was felt for the fallen minister, and it was deepened by his tragic end. The exquisite lines of which the following is a translation are among the elegies in which his fate is commemorated : 1 I.e. " The Turkish lady," a title, not a name.
LIT THE SELJUK TURKS 107 The Minister Nizam -ul-Mulk was a peerless pearl, which the All-merciful God esteemed as of great price, But, precious as it was, the age knew not its value, so, in jealousy, He it replaced in its shell. 77/6' Death of Malik Shah^ A.H. 485 (1092^ Malik Shah survived his faithful servant less than a month, dying at the height of his fame, after a short illness, before he was forty years of age. With him passed what may justly be termed the golden prime ofthe Seljuk dynasty for never within historical times had ; a^ vast empire been better governed than during the thirty years now concluded. The Assassins. In the previous chapter some account has Keen given of the origin of the Ismailis and also of their immediate offshoots. The members of the sect, under the European name of Assassins, played a large part on the stage of the Near East and Iran during this period and the two succeeding centuries, and they became famous in Europe through the baleful activity of their Syrian branch. It is therefore desirable to give some account of their tenets and operations at this period. _ The political importance of the sect began with the foundation of the so-called Fatimid dynasty, which claimed descent from the Prophet s daughter, and the Ismailis are in consequence often referred to as Fatimi or Alawi (descendants of AH). By their opponents they are termed Ismaili, Batini (" Esoterics "), Mulahida ("heretics"), this last word being the Mulehet of Marco Polo. The dynasty in question was brought into existence through a propaganda started in A.H. 260 (873) by a certain Abdulla bin Maymun al-Kaddah, an oculist of Ahwaz and arersian by birth. ~TKTs extraordinary man founded a secret society which was to bind together Arabs- and Persians, Christiansând Jews, and indeed all mankind, into a school which was to owe implicit obedience to himself and to serve as a powerful instrument of his ambitions. As in the case of the Abbasid propaganda, dai or missionaries spread the peculiar doctrines, which offered all things Jo all men a Mahdi to the Moslems, a M essTaR" to" tMe Jews, philosophy to the wise, and liberty to the foolish.
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MACMILLAN AND CO., LONDON BOMBAY CA
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(Through the courtesy of Doctor Ahm
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A HISTORY OF PERSIA BY LIEUT. -CoL.
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-v'l PART OF A PERSIAN HUNTING SCEN
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-. CONTENTS Khorasan under the Cali
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CONTENTS ix CHAPTER LV PAGE THE MON
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CONTENTS xi CHAPTER LXI LITERATURE
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CONTENTS xiii CHAPTER LXVIII PAGE T
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CONTENTS xv CHAPTER LXXIV THE FOUND
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CONTENTS xvii CHAPTER ..... LXXX PA
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xx HISTORY OF PERSIA FACE PAGE . .
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MOHAMED SHAYBANI. MAPS VOL. To illu
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THI-; OPENING SURA OF THE KORAN. CH
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XLIV CAREER OF MOHAMED AT MECCA 3 r
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THE KA.MJ.V (From a Persian MS. in
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6 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. but at la
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8 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. Upon the
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io HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. admired
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12 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. XLIV by
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1 4 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. majorit
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1 6 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. which t
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1 8 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. God to
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20 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. of refus
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22 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. Spain th
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24 HISTORY OF PERSIA derided the im
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26 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. 1. That
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28 HISTORY OF PERSIA Moslems lost 1
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30 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. was stil
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32 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. The Expa
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34 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. The Proc
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3 6 HISTORY OF PERSIA but also in P
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ISLAM UNDER FIRST FOUR CALIPHS 37 H
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(Through the courtesy of H.E. the P
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THE TRAGEDY OF KERBELA 41 stances a
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THE TRAGEDY OF KERBELA 43 arrow, an
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THE PULPIT OF THK MAHDI. (In the Mo
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46 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. XLVII It
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48 HISTORY OF PERSIA Caliph's publi
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50 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. the troo
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52 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. serving
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54 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. The Achi
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56 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. The Abba
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58 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. of the h
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60 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. XLVIH qu
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62 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. is the t
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40 U G H R %.A S /A N Andarabah 'â
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64 HISTORY OF PERSIA c thou art a m
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66 HISTORY OF PERSIA daughter Khayz
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MAMUN AND THE IMAM RIZA. CHAPTER L
Page 124 and 125: 70 HISTORY OF PERSIA and above all
Page 126: 72 HISTORY OF PERSIA which he at le
Page 130: 74 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. and on M
Page 134 and 135: 76 HISTORY OF PERSIA China date fro
Page 136 and 137: 78 HISTORY OF PERSIA protest of hum
Page 138 and 139: 80 HISTORY OF PERSIA of hard fighti
Page 140 and 141: AMR-UL-LAIS. CHAPTER LI THE DECAY O
Page 142: 84 HISTORY OF PERSIA broke out in e
Page 145: CENTRAL ASIA London: Macmilla,n &.
Page 149 and 150: DECAY OF THE CALIPHATE 85 ruled the
Page 151 and 152: DECAY OF THE CALIPHATE 87 him, late
Page 153 and 154: DECAY OF THE CALIPHATK 89 and drove
Page 155 and 156: DECAY OF THE CALIPHATE 91 succeeded
Page 157: '>;>i>t n phot t\$i'af>h I'V Major
Page 160 and 161: 94 HISTORY OF PERSIA robber called
Page 162 and 163: 9 6 HISTORY OF PERSIA able man exte
Page 164 and 165: , rfl| . TOGHRII, BEG. CHAPTER LII
Page 166 and 167: ioo HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. invader
Page 169 and 170: THE SELJUK TURKS 101 the ground, an
Page 171 and 172: I _ LII THE SELJUK TURKS 103 lifeti
Page 173: ! played THE SELJUK TURKS 105 vast
Page 177 and 178: LII THE SELJUK TURKS 109 present da
Page 179 and 180: i ALilik 1X04) THP: SELJUK TURKS 1
Page 181 and 182: i THE SELJUK TURKS 113 and when rep
Page 183 and 184: THE SELJUK TURKS 115 Some ten years
Page 185 and 186: LI, THE SELJUK TURKS 117 at that ti
Page 187 and 188: CH.LIII DISRUPTION OF SELJUK EMPIRE
Page 189 and 190: DISRUPTION OF SELJUK EMPIRE 121 and
Page 191 and 192: DISRUPTION OF SELJUK EMPIRE 123 lef
Page 193: a I
Page 196: 126 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. relatio
Page 200 and 201: 128 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. notice,
Page 202 and 203: FROM THE "DIWAN" OF NASIR-I-KHUSRU.
Page 204 and 205: 1 32 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. I prop
Page 206 and 207: i 3 4 HISTORY OF PERSIA Tabaran dis
Page 209 and 210: PERSIAN LITERATURE 135 was written
Page 213 and 214: LIV PERSIAN LITERATURE 137 Omar Kha
Page 217 and 218: LIV PERSIAN LITERATURE 139 mysticis
Page 219: X \ & < < --> -1.
Page 222 and 223: 1 42 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. Anothe
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MANGU. CHAPTER LV THE MONGOL CATACL
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146 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. and to
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THE MONGOL CATACLYSM 147 of his imm
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l>fc :* A *! Ti" I I KARA KHITAN, S
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1 50 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. who wa
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1 52 HISTORY OF PERSIA their own bo
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i 5 4 HISTORY OF PERSIA To remedy t
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156 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. for a v
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1 58 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. shot a
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160 HISTORY OF PERSIA was almost ex
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HULAGU. CHAPTER LVI THE EXTINCTION
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164 HISTORY OF PERSIA Tartars, and
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1 66 HISTORY OF PERSIA intrepid sol
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1 68 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. spared
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i yo HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. Karaco
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LVI EXTINCTION OF THE CALIPHATE 171
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LVI EXTINCTION OF THE CALIPHATE 173
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TIIK SIKGK OF BAGHDAD BY HULAGU KUA
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1 76 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP.LVI Ass
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178 HISTORY OF PERSIA Court. She is
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i8o HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. exclaim
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1 82 HISTORY OF PERSIA had been est
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1 84 HISTORY OF PERSIA bad, so that
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1 86 HISTORY OF PERSIA two years la
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GHAZAN. CHAPTER LVIII That which wa
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1 90 HISTORY OF PERSIA thousand men
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LVIII GHAZAN KHAN 191 same Turks, w
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GHAZAN KHAN 193 a secret until he h
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T.VIII GHAZAN KHAN 195 World Conque
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. A,. MX TAMERLANE 197 This act cau
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TAMERLANE. (From F. R. Martin's Min
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200 HISTORY OF PERSIA they answered
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202 HISTORY OF PERSIA which has alr
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204 HISTORY OF PERSIA familiar to h
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1 Vide 206 HISTORY OF PERSIA At the
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2o8 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. Multan
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210 HISTORY OF PERSIA preserved, co
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212 HISTORY OF PERSIA up the water
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TAMERLANE 213 describe." He also re
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THE TOMB OF TAMERLANE. (In the fore
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SHAH RUKH. CHAPTER LX THE TIMURID M
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218 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. A truly
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THE TIMURID MONARCHS 219 throne wit
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THE T1MURID MONARCHS 221 to the Sul
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1 BARER ON HIS THRONK. (From a MS.
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224 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. LX and
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226 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. also ut
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228 HISTORY OF PERSIA upon thee, tu
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2 30 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. This o
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232 HISTORY OF PERSIA O cypress-tre
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234 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. The bel
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236 HISTORY OF PERSIA the Glory of
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2 3 8 HISTORY OF PERSIA colleges, b
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ISMAIL I. CHAPTER LXII THE RISE OF
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242 HISTORY OF PERSIA the throne mu
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244 HISTORY OF PERSIA the Tarikh-i-
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246 HISTORY OF PERSIA janissaries,
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248 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. Baber o
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LXII RISE OF THE SAFAVI DYNASTY 249
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RISE OF THE SAFAVI DYNASTY 251 mort
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LXII RISE OF THE SAFAVI DYNASTY 253
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RISE OF THE SAFAVI DYNASTY 255 993
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SHAH ABBAS THE GREAT 257 two nobles
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A KURDISH VILLA* il.. (From \Yiirrr
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260 HISTORY OF PERSIA \ ^Jj th-disp
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262 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. and pro
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264 HISTORY OF PERSIA mgio army, ho
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266 HISTORY OF PERSIA seclusion, an
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268 HISTORY OF PERSIA credit in an
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270 HISTORY OF PERSIA results becam
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272 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. The Fai
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274 HISTORY OF PERSIA Steele, who h
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276 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP, Jask wa
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278 HISTORY OF PERSIA of the whole
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280 HISTORY OF PERSIA was captured
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282 HISTORY OF PERSIA island empori
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STRUGGLE IN THE PERSIAN GULF 283 in
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CHAP.LXV ARCHITECTURE AND ART 285 a
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LXV ARCHITECTURE AND ART 287 us the
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ARCHITECTURE AND ART 289 added to t
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: . 1 *F t * ' ufl fc> ^#^ty*$frv$*
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mEfflSBWF!8
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ARCHITECTURE AND ART 291 silk carpe
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LXV . ARCHITECTURE AND ART 293 Amer
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m COLLEGE OF SHAH SULTAN HUSAYN, IS
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SHAH HUSAYN. CHAPTER LXVI THE DECLI
Page 442:
298 HISTORY OF PERSIA negative resu
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300 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. force w
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I DECLINE OF SAFAVI DYNASTY 301 of
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DECLINE OF SAFAVI DYNASTY 303 posts
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3 MAHMUD OF GHAZNI. CHAPTER LXVII T
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THE GHILZAIS OF KANDAHAR 307 partic
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THE GHILZAIS OF KANDAHAR 309 false
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I THE GHILZAIS OF KANDAHAR 311 The
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CH...XV.H OVERTHROW OF SAFAVI DYNAS
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LXV,,, OVERTHROW OF SAFAVI DYNASTY
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I. X VIII OVERTHROW OF SAFAV1 DYNAS
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LXV OVERTHROW OF SAFAVI DYNASTY 319
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A.SHKAK. CHAPTER LXIX THE EXPULSION
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EXPULSION OF THE AFGHANS 323 plunde
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EXPULSION OF THE AFGHANS 325 attemp
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EXPULSION OF THE AFGHANS 327 : his
Page 485:
- /'.ngi-Ht- II. \M.\D.\N WITH MOUN
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330 HISTORY OF PERSIA put to death
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332 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. dynasty
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334 HISTORY OF PERSIA Tahmasp urged
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336 HISTORY OF PERSIA banks. It is
Page 496 and 497:
338 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. LXIX ad
Page 498:
340 HISTORY OF PERSIA Kuli was a ha
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342 HISTORY OF PERSIA in the name o
Page 505 and 506:
LXX RISE OF NADIR KUl.I 343 Defeati
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RISE OF NADIR KULI 345 until it rea
Page 509:
i Knmi NADIR SHAH, a iVr.si.m pir;-
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348 HISTORY OF PERSIA Moslem empire
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[Purport. HOLOGRAPH DOCUMENT SIGNED
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mBHBHHHHHB^Hl^HHHHHBBHHHHBH^BIIHH /
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352 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. the eff
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354 HISTORY OF PERSIA the fortifica
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CONQUESTS OF NADIR SHAH 355 court,
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LXXI CONQUESTS OF NADIR SHAH 357 sa
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';
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NADIR SHAH. CHAPTER LXXII THE LAST
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362 HISTORY OF PERSIA lives to save
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364 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. served
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LAST YEARS OF NADIR SHAH 365 reali/
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LAST YEARS OF NADIR SHAH 367 a ship
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LAST YEARS OF NADIR SHAH 369 and Na
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CH.LXXIH SHORT-LIVED ZAND DYNASTY 3
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fl A BRIDGE ACROSS THE RIVER KARUN.
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374 HISTORY OF PERSIA Meanwhile Kar
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SHORT-LIVED ZAND DYNASTY 375 Husayn
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SHORT-LIVED ZAND DYNASTY 377 Gulf.
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SHORT-LIVED ZAND DYNASTY 379 except
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LUTF AM KUAN. (From ;i picture in t
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3 82 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. to sei
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384 HISTORY OF PERSIA unspeakable t
Page 570 and 571:
3 86 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. ately
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388 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. Khan an
Page 576 and 577:
390 HISTORY OF PERSIA " Keianian He
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partly in boats and r' 1 partly by
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AGA MAHOMED KHAN. (From an original
Page 584 and 585:
394 HISTORY OF PERSIA ment from Teh
Page 586 and 587:
396 HISTORY OF PERSIA pursuance of
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398 HISTORY OF PERSIA and the Afgha
Page 591 and 592:
R1TISH AND FRENCH MISSIONS 399 The
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,xxv BRITISH AND FRENCH MISSIONS 40
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BRITISH AND FRENCH MISSIONS 403 to
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.xxv BRITISH AND FRENCH MISSIONS 40
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, s BRITISH AND FRENCH MISSIONS 407
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ixxv BRITISH AND FRENCH MISSICT 409
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n. ixxv, DISASTROUS CAMPAIGNS 411 s
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- 1
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4H HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. She cede
Page 610 and 611:
i 4 6 HISTORY OF PERSIA This act le
Page 613 and 614:
DISASTROUS CAMPAIGNS 417 Luke, the
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however, spared, DISASTROUS CAMPAIG
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: DISASTROUS CAMPAIGNS 421 and at l
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SHAH. CHAPTER LXXVII PERSIAN AGGRES
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j AGGRESSION ON AFGHANISTAN 425 to
Page 623 and 624:
: LXXVII AGGRESSION ON AFGHAN 427 h
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LXXVI, AGGRESSION ON AFGHANISTAN 42
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AGGRESSION ON AFGHANISTAN support t
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AGGRESSION ON AFGHANISTAN 433 comer
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AGGRESSION ON AFGHANISTAN 435 besie
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LXXVII AGGRESSION ON AFGHANISTAN 43
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AGGRESSION ON AFGHANISTAN 439 invad
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MOIIAMEU SHAH. CHAPTER LXXVIII THE
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THE PERSO-AFGHAN QUESTION 443 son o
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'nll ,1 />': THK SHKI.NI. OF KIKMA
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446 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. For a w
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I.XXVHI THE PERSO-AFGHAN (Jl 1 I IO
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LXXVIII THE PERSO-AFGHAN QUESTION 4
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THE PERSO-AFGHAN QUESTION 451 .1 th
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THE PERSO-AFGHAN (j ION of our stat
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THE PERSO-AFGHAN QUESTION 455 were
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LXXVIII THE PERSO-AFGHAN QUESTION 4
Page 665 and 666:
. HAP. LXXIX ENVELOPMENT OF PERSIA
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LXXIX ENVELOPMENT OF PERSIA 461 vot
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ENVELOPMENT OF PERSIA 463 the victo
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LXXIX ENVELOPMENT OF PERSIA 465 mus
Page 677 and 678:
LXXIX ENVELOPMENT OF PERSIA 467 sov
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ENVELOPMENT OF PERSIA 469 Ladgasht,
Page 683 and 684:
ENVELOPMENT OF PERSIA 471 Summary.
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CH.LXXX THE AWAKENING OF PERSIA 473
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; rifles . ' THE AWAKENING OF PERSI
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II.I.M. \ASIK-U-I)IN. (Through the
Page 692 and 693:
478 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. Imperia
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4 8o HISTORY OF PERSIA path, but in
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482 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. was ava
Page 698 and 699:
484 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. moderat
Page 701 and 702:
IKX THE AWAKENING OF PERSIA 485 Ali
Page 703 and 704:
^- jw li,i ' I " A TITLES OF THE SH
Page 707 and 708:
PERSIA BEFORE THE REVOLUTION 489 ap
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PERSIA BEFORE THE REVOLUTION 491 ve
Page 713 and 714:
PERSIA BEFORE THE REVOLUTION 493 4.
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PERSIA BEFORE THE REVOLUTION 495 a
Page 719 and 720:
PERSIA BEFORE THE REVOLUTION 497 co
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PERSIA BEFORE THE REVOLUTION 499 le
Page 723 and 724:
GRANTING OF A CONSTITUTION 501 inte
Page 725 and 726:
xii GRANTING OF A CONSTITUTION 503
Page 727:
' H.H. THK KARMAN KARMA.
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' 506 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. princ
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508 HISTORY OF PERSIA CHAP. a stude
Page 735 and 736:
GRANTING OF A CONSTITUTION 509 peop
Page 737:
GRANTING OF A CONSTITUTION 5 1 1 wo
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5H HISTORY OF PERSIA Coinage of Lyd
Page 742 and 743:
516 HISTORY OF PERSIA India in the
Page 744 and 745:
518 HISTORY OF PERSIA Song of the R
Page 746 and 747:
520 HISTORY OF PERSIA Abul Hasan, M
Page 748 and 749:
522 HISTORY OF PERSIA Alikhanoff, R
Page 750 and 751:
524 HISTORY OF PERSIA Arsaces (son
Page 752 and 753:
HISTORY OF PERSIA foundation of, 65
Page 754 and 755:
, Callias, HISTORY OF PERSIA Butene
Page 756 and 757:
530 HISTORY OF PERSIA Constantius,
Page 758 and 759:
532 HISTORY OF PERSIA Duranri, Sir
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534 HISTORY OF PERSIA Gandash (or G
Page 762 and 763:
536 HISTORY OF PERSIA 455 - 456 ; c
Page 764 and 765:
538 HISTORY OF PERSIA Hi, River, i.
Page 766 and 767:
540 HISTORY OF PERSIA Kalposh, mead
Page 768 and 769:
542 HISTORY OF PERSIA Kizilbash tri
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544 HISTORY OF PERSIA Malik Dinar,
Page 772 and 773:
54 6 HISTORY OF PERSIA Mithradates,
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548 HISTORY OF PERSIA Nasrulla Mirz
Page 776 and 777:
550 HISTORY OF PERSIA defeat by the
Page 778 and 779:
55 2 HISTORY OF PERSIA expedition o
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554 HISTORY OF PERSIA Pison, River,
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556 HISTORY OF PERSIA 471 Kobad's f
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558 HISTORY OF PERSIA 313, 314, 315
Page 786 and 787:
560 HISTORY OF PERSIA Su, lake of,
Page 788 and 789:
S 62 HISTORY OF PERSIA Tiglath-pile
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HISTORY OF PERSIA Vonones II., i. 4
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A'K THE SAME AUTHOR. 8vo. i os. net
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PLEASE DO NOT REMOVE CARDS OR SLIPS
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