The Benefits to Taxpayers from Increases in Students - RAND ...

Social Program Participation and Costs 101
Table C.3
Estimated Two-Part Model of 2002 Food Stamp Income
Probit – Utilization
OLS – Income Received
(square root)
Women Men Women Men
Intercept –1.0766** –2.4361** 41.0327** 0.8122
Education level
Less than high school
graduate
0.3603 –0.3407 5.7363 31.4441**
Some college –1.0525** –0.4754 –1.1340 7.7287
Bachelor’s degree or more –0.7235 0.0402 2.5046 53.1373
Age
Age –0.0061 0.0336** 0.1033 1.2532**
Age squared –0.0001 –0.0005** –0.0058** –0.0148**
Age–less than high school
graduate
0.0044 0.0231 –0.2122 –1.3383**
Age–some college 0.0318* 0.0059 0.0116 –0.3870
Age–bachelor’s degree or
more
Age squared–less than
high school graduate
–0.0230 –0.0359 –0.6522 –2.4458*
0.0000 –0.0001 0.0023 0.0136**
Age squared–some college –0.0003 0.0000 –0.0001 0.0045
Age squared–bachelor’s
degree or more
0.0004 0.0005 0.0090 0.0260*
Race/ethnicity
Asian 0.0721 0.1240 6.4447* 6.7825
Black 0.7664** 0.3937** 3.6310** 4.3408*
Hispanic 0.2852** 0.0762 1.7749 1.7159
Native American 0.6623** 0.5553** 7.9107** 5.1160
Immigrant –0.1211* –0.1347 –0.3359 3.4727
N 21,547 18,746 1,720 521
R squared 17% 8% 20% 7%
NOTES: One and two asterisks indicate significance at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively.
Education effects (main and interacted) are jointly significant at the 0.0001 level except for
income of men. The intercept is high school graduate, white, U.S.-born.