rural-urban dynamics_report.pdf - Khazar University

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Progress toward the MDGs Only two years away from the 2015 target set for reaching the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), progress is diverse across goals and regions. Global estimates indicate that targets such as reduction of extreme poverty (MDG 1.a), gender equality in primary education (MDG 3.a), access to safe drinking water (MDG 7.c), and improved lives for at least 100 million slum dwellers (MDG 7.d) have been reached. The proportion of people whose income is less than $1.25 a day fell from 43.1 percent in 1990 to below 20.6 percent in 2010, leaving 1.2 billion people in extreme poverty. Gender equality in primary school enrollments was also achieved in 2010. Similarly, the goal of halving the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water has already been reached. At the same time, progress on the remaining MDGs has been lagging, especially for education- and health-related MDGs. Global targets for infant, under-five, and maternal mortality (MDGs 4.a and 5.a), and to a lesser extent, access to basic sanitation (MDG 7.c) are significantly behind, and progress needs to be greatly accelerated if all of the goals are to be achieved by 2015. The goal for primary school completion should have been within sight by 2011, but only half the progress needed has been made. Regionally, progress toward the MDGs is more diverse, although most regions will likely miss health-related targets. In East Asia and the Pacific, the targets on extreme poverty, gender parity, and access to water and sanitation have been reached. The region is still lagging on the under-five, infant, and maternal mortality goals. In Europe and Central Asia, the goals on poverty and water are likely to be met. This region has managed to achieve only 63 percent of the progress needed to meet the primary completion rate goal, 84 percent of the child mortality target, and 72 percent of the maternal mortality goal. The region is farthest behind on meeting the target for access to basic sanitation. Latin America and the Caribbean have already reached the targets on extreme poverty, FIGURE 1 Distance to 2015 goal, % 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 80 Global progress toward achieving the MDGs Developing countries, percent of total required progress between 1990 and 2015, as achieved in 2010 or 2011. 100 100 100 MDG 1.a Extreme poverty (% of population below $1.25 a day, 2005 PPP) 84 50 MDG 2.a Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) Corresponding target MDG 3.a Ratio of girls to boys in primary education (%) 84 80 84 MDG 3.a Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education (%) Distance to the goal achieved 59 MDG 4.a Infant mortality rate, (per 1,000 live births) 84 62 MDG 4.a Under-5 mortality rate (per 1,000) 80 63 MDG 5.a Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) 80 100 MDG 7.c Access to safe drinking water (% of population with access) 80 57 MDG 7.c Access to basic sanitation facilities (% of population with access) 67 100 MDG 7.d Improve the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers (by 2020) Source: World Bank staff estimates. Note: Intermediate target calculated using a linear progression over 25 years, resulting in a needed progress of 4 percent per annum. Note that the corresponding target for 2010 would equal 80 percent, and for 2011 84 percent, to be on track to attain the MDG by 2015. Any value above those intermediate targets indicates that the world is ahead of the required pace to meet the MDG. A value of 100 percent means that the MDG has been met. PPP = purchasing power parity. 22
FIGURE 2 Starting position for each MDG by region, 1990 200 178 200 150 150 Percent 100 50 0 56 54 57 12 2 6 MDG 1.a Extreme poverty (% of population below $1.25 a day, 2005 PPP) 100 95 88 97 101 83 76 80 62 52 MDG 2.a Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) (left axis) 81 68 MDG 3.a Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education (left axis) 54 42 40 42 85 107 MDG 4.a Infant mortality rate, (per 1,000 live births) (right axis) 70 56 48 53 119 MDG 4.a Under-5 mortality rate, (per 1,000) (right axis) 62 22 14 22 7 85 MDG 5.a Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 10,000 live births) (right axis) 68 90 86 86 71 48 MDG 7.c Access to safe drinking water (population with access) (left axis) 30 80 68 73 22 26 MDG 7.c Access to basic sanitation facilities (population with access) (left axis) 100 50 0 Number East Asia & Pacific Europe & Central Asia Latin America & the Caribbean Middle East & North Africa South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa Source: WDI and GMR. Note: Weighted by population. PPP = purchasing power parity. FIGURE 3 Global progress toward the MDGs achieved, by region 200 150 100 50 0 156 127 117 110 110 85 28 MDG 1.a Extreme poverty (% of population below $1.25 a day, 2005 PPP) 63 69 61 38 MDG 2.a Primary completion rate (% of relevant age group) East Asia & Pacific Europe & Central Asia 120 26 64 85 46 MDG 3.a Ratio of girls to boys in primary and secondary education (%) 89 92 94 96 84 84 77 82 65 52 MDG 4.a Infant mortality rate, (per 1,000 live births) Latin America & the Caribbean Middle East & North Africa 71 58 MDG 4.a Under-5 mortality rate, (per 1,000) 83 84 86 72 57 55 MDG 5.a Maternal mortality ratio (modeled estimate, per 100,000 live births) South Asia Sub-Saharan Africa 136 117119 34 130 49 MDG 7.c Access to safe drinking water (% of population with access) Met at outset 102 47 68 114 43 13 MDG 7.c Access to basic sanitation facilities (% of population with access) Source: WDI and GMR. Note: The corresponding target for 2010, 80 percent, and for 2011, 84 percent. Any value above those corresponding targets indicates that the region seems on track to meeting the MDG using a simple linear approximation. A value larger than 100 percent means that more progress has been made than is necessary at the year <strong>report</strong>ed. A zero value indicates deterioration. PPP = purchasing power parity. 23
Page 3: Global Monitoring Report 2013 Rural
Page 6 and 7: © 2013 International Bank for Reco
Page 8 and 9: vi CONTENTS GLOBAL MONITORING REPOR
Page 10 and 11: viii CONTENTS GLOBAL MONITORING REP
Page 13 and 14: Foreword Global Monitoring Report (
Page 15 and 16: Acknowledgments This report has bee
Page 17: Abbreviations and Acronyms ADB Asia
Page 20 and 21: GMR 2013 Rural-Urban Dynamics and t
Page 22 and 23: 4 OVERVIEW GLOBAL MONITORING REPORT
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Page 38 and 39: Goals and Targets from the Millenni
Page 42 and 43: primary completion, and access to s
Page 44 and 45: FIGURE 1a Poverty rates (living on
Page 46 and 47: MDG 2 Achieve universal primary edu
Page 48 and 49: MDG 3 Promote gender equality and e
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2 Rural-Urban Disparities and Dynam
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Appendix Table A1.1 Classification
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ECO-AUDIT Environmental Benefits St
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