rural-urban dynamics_report.pdf - Khazar University

80 MACROECONOMIC, TRADE, AND AID DEVELOPMENTS GLOBAL MONITORING REPORT 2013
BOX 1.3
Potential uses of mobile phone surveys
As mobile phone ownership rates have risen dramatically
in Africa, interest has increased in using mobile
telephones as a data collection platform. Face-to-face
household surveys are usually expensive and time
consuming, and mobile phone surveys are proving to
be a cost-effective, flexible, and rapid way to collect
data on a wide range of topics and over time.
South Sudan and Tanzania have both piloted
mobile phone surveys, with reasonable success. In
South Sudan, 1,000 respondents in 10 urban areas
were given cell phones in 2010 and surveyed on a
monthly basis. In Tanzania, 550 households were
administered a baseline survey in 2010, and an adult
respondent was selected for a weekly mobile phone
survey (for 25 weeks), later administered every 2
weeks (for 8 weeks). Both surveys collected information
on a wide variety of issues, including health, education,
water, security, nutrition, travel times, prices,
electricity, and governance. The surveys also asked
respondents for their perceptions on the most pressing
problems to be addressed by the city government
and their opinion about a draft constitution, and collected
baseline information for large-scale programs
on food fortification.
The cost per interview in each round in Tanzania
ranged between $4.10 and $7.30, or about $0.42 a
question (plus $50–$150 for a baseline interview).
Thus for long surveys, face-to-face interviews may
be more cost-effective. However, the evidence from
South Sudan and Tanzania suggests that mobile surveys
can collect quality data in a timely manner that
is of use to a wide range of data users. Attrition and
nonresponse need to be dealt with at implementation,
but the ability to modify surveys easily in subsequent
survey rounds is a key benefit.
Last, the data collected in Tanzania were widely
disseminated through a dedicated website, with additional
help from a local television journalist who
ensured that information was widely publicized.
Accountability for public services has reportedly
increased, suggesting that results need to be disseminated
systematically to civil society, the media, and
the government to be fully effective.
Source: Croke et al. 2013.
Notes
1. The classification of countries is the one used
in the IMF’s World Economic Outlook.
Emerging market and developing countries
are those countries that are not designated
as advanced countries. Countries that are eligible
for financial assistance under the IMF’s
Poverty Reduction and Growth Trust constitute
a subset of emerging market and developing
countries; these countries are denoted
low-income countries although eligibility is
based on other considerations in addition to
income levels. Emerging market and developing
countries that are not eligible for financial
assistance under the Poverty Reduction and
Growth Trust are designated as emerging
market countries. Fragile states are countries
included in the World Bank’s list of Fragile
and Conflict-Affected States as of early 2013.
Appendix table A1.2 includes the list of all
countries and economies.
2. Each low-income country has been assessed
according to a common set of criteria. For
example, a country with a large fiscal deficit
and an unsustainable level of public debt
would be judged to have an unsatisfactory fiscal
policy stance.
3. Somalia and South Sudan have been excluded
from the IMF’s vulnerability exercise for lowincome
countries, because of lack of data.
4. Small low-income countries are those with a
population less than 1.5 million.
5. All data under the vulnerability exercise refer
to the median observation for 72 low-income
countries, unless otherwise noted.
6. Fiscal consolidation would also be needed in
some resource-rich countries to build buffers
over time that would help manage challenges
arising from volatility and exhaustibility of
natural resources.
7. The index uses a globally consistent definition
of settlement concentration based