rural-urban dynamics_report.pdf - Khazar University

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MDG 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases Epidemic diseases exact a huge toll in human suffering and lost opportunities for development. Poverty, armed conflict, and natural disasters contribute to the spread of disease and are made worse by it. In Africa, the spread of HIV/AIDS has reversed decades of improvement in life expectancy and left millions of children orphaned. It is draining the supply of teachers and eroding the quality of education. Malaria takes a large toll on young children and weakens adults at great cost to their productivity. Tuberculosis caused the deaths of some 1 million people in 2011, most of them aged 15–45, and sickened millions more. Tuberculosis is one of the principal causes of adult death from a single infectious agent in developing countries. Some 34 million people were living with HIV/AIDS in 2011, and 2.5 million people acquired the disease during the year. Sub-Saharan Africa remains the center of the epidemic, but the proportion of adults living with AIDS has begun to fall as the survival rate of those with access to antiretroviral drugs has increased. By the end of 2010, 6.5 million people worldwide were receiving antiretroviral drugs. That represented the largest one-year increase in coverage but fell far short of the target of universal access. In Africa, 58 percent of adults with HIV/ AIDS are women; among youth aged 15–24, the prevalence rate among women is more than twice that of men. The second highest prevalence rate is in Latin America and the Caribbean, where 0.5 percent of adults are infected. The prevalence of HIV infection in urban and rural areas varies significantly from country to country. For most Sub-Saharan Africa countries, the rates of HIV infection are higher in urban areas than in rural ones. Because evidence from health surveys confirms that a prominent decline in prevalence is associated with higher education, increased condom use, and a reduced number of sexual partners, most of the effort to prevent HIV/AIDS should continue to be concentrated in urban areas. In 2011, 8.7 million people were newly diagnosed with tuberculosis, but its incidence, prevalence, and death rates are all falling. The global incidence rate 36
FIGURE 6a Population infected with HIV, ages 14-49 70 60 FIGURE 6b Tuberculosis-infected population in low- and middle-income countries 350 300 Percent 50 40 30 20 10 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 20062008 2010 Sub-Saharan Africa High-income countries Latin America & the Caribbean Other developing regions Rate per 1,000 people 250 200 150 100 50 0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 Death rate Prevalence rate Incidence rate Source: UNAIDS and World Development Indicators database. Source: UNICEF and World Development Indicators database. FIGURE 6c Millions of people still afflicted with HIV/AIDS FIGURE 6d Urban versus rural children under age 5 who sleep under insecticide-treated bed nets India (2006) Burkina Faso (2010) Cambodia (2005) Ethiopia (2011) Senegal (2005) Vietnam (2005) Senegal (2010) Ethiopia (2005) Dominican Republic (2007) Burundi (2010) Niger (2006) Rwanda (2005) Congo, Dem. Rep. (2007) Liberia (2007) Sierra Leone (2008) Burkina Faso (2003) Haiti (2006) Rwanda (2010) Dominican Republic (2002) Ghana (2003) Mali (2006) Côte d’Ivoire (2005) Guinea (2005) Mali (2001) São Tomé & Príncipe (2008) Congo, Rep. (2009) Cameroon (2011) Tanzania (2007) Tanzania (2003) Uganda (2004) Cameroon (2004) Malawi (2010) Kenya (2008) Kenya (2003) Zambia (2007) Zimbabwe (2010) Zambia (2002) Mozambique (2009) Zimbabwe (2005) Lesotho (2009) Lesotho (2004) Swaziland (2006) Urban Rural 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 Percent Source: Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). Angola (2006)) Benin (2006)) Burkina Faso (2010) Burkina Faso (2003) Burundi (2010) Cameroon (2011) Cameroon (2004) Congo, Rep. (2005) Congo, Dem. Rep. (2007) Côte d’Ivoire (1998) Ethiopia (2005) Ghana (2008) Ghana (2003) Guinea (2005) Kenya (2008) Kenya (2003) Liberia (2009) Madagascar (2008) Malawi (2010) Malawi (2004) Mali (2006) Namibia (2006) Niger (2006) Nigeria (2008) Nigeria (2003) Rwanda (2010) Rwanda (2008) Rwanda (2005) São Tomé & Príncipe (2008) Senegal (2008) Senegal (2005) Sierra Leone (2008) Swaziland (2006) Tanzania (2010) Tanzania (2004) Uganda (2006) Zambia (2007) Zambia (2002) Zimbabwe (2010) Zimbabwe (2005) Cambodia (2005) Indonesia (2007) Timor-Leste (2009) Guyana (2009) Urban Rural 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Percent Source: Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). 37
Page 3: Global Monitoring Report 2013 Rural
Page 6 and 7: © 2013 International Bank for Reco
Page 8 and 9: vi CONTENTS GLOBAL MONITORING REPOR
Page 10 and 11: viii CONTENTS GLOBAL MONITORING REP
Page 13 and 14: Foreword Global Monitoring Report (
Page 15 and 16: Acknowledgments This report has bee
Page 17: Abbreviations and Acronyms ADB Asia
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Page 22 and 23: 4 OVERVIEW GLOBAL MONITORING REPORT
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Page 38 and 39: Goals and Targets from the Millenni
Page 40 and 41: Progress toward the MDGs Only two y
Page 42 and 43: primary completion, and access to s
Page 44 and 45: FIGURE 1a Poverty rates (living on
Page 46 and 47: MDG 2 Achieve universal primary edu
Page 48 and 49: MDG 3 Promote gender equality and e
Page 50 and 51: MDG 4 Reduce child mortality In mos
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Appendix Table A1.1 Classification
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ECO-AUDIT Environmental Benefits St
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